Towards a toolkit for Distributed User Interfaces: think Distributed!

Towards a toolkit forDistributed User Interfaces (DUIs):Think everything distributed
Jean Vanderdonckt
LouvainInteractionLab
Universitécatholique de Louvain
Jean.Vanderdonckt@uclouvain.be

What is the situation today?One user performing one task on one domain in one context of use
The predominantparadigm: single…
Monitor, device
Computingplatform
User
Environment
Context of use
Domain and task
one
many
2

Let us distribute Uis, butone dimension at a time
The predominantparadigm: single…
Monitor, device
Computingplatform
User
Environment
Context of use
Domain and task
one
many
3

Multi-monitor/device
Whytake care of multiple monitors?
Deviceside
Monitor surface isincreasing, whilepriceisdecreasing
User side
Usersprefer more display surface
User’sproductivityincreasesfrom 10% to 30% (althoughsomeusabilityproblems are raised)
[Harris,2002]

User side
[Harris,2002]

Effects of Display Size on Task Times
160
140
120
100
Small
Average Task Time (Seconds)
80
Large
60
40
20
0
DISPLAY
[Czerwinsky,2005]

The tasks were easy to perform
5
4
3
Average Rating (1=Disagree,
5=Agree)
2
1
0
Small
Large
Display Size
[Czerwinsky,2005]

[Czerwinsky,2005]

Hard wired, manual solution
Opportunistic
Lack of reusability
Distribution of UIsacrossmonitors (hardware)
Coupling different monitors to the same workstation

Distribution of UIsacrossmonitors (hardware)
Coupling different monitors: control rooms
© 2010 www.symbio.pro

Distribution of UIsacrossmonitors (software)
Partitioning of a window across several screens to obtain a DUI

Extending a Desktop with another Monitor
[Demeure et al.,2004]

One dimension at a time
The predominant paradigm: single…
Monitor, device
Computing platform
User
Environment
Context of use
Domain and task
one
many
13

Multi-platform
(Amount of interactive systems)
(Amount of end users)
10 to 50 systems
for 1 user
10000
50000
2 or 3 systems
for 1 user
1 system for 1 user
1000
5000
100
500
1 system for 100 users
10
50
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
Source: ForresterResearch, 2002

Multi-platform
Problem: how to design a UI thattakes care of multiple computingplatforms?
Twoexamples:
The Painter's palette [Grolaux et al., 2005]
Migration [Molina et al., 2006]

The Painter’s Palette
+
=

Digital Painter’s Palette

Useful area is wasted !

Multi-platform
Problem: how to design a UI thattakes care of multiple computingplatforms?
Painting
Pencil
Paintingtool
Palette
[Grolaux & Vanderdonckt,2005]

Multi-platform
[Grolaux & Vanderdonckt,2005]

Multi-platform

Example using a Pocket PC

Multi-platform

Multi-platform
DEMIPLAT Principle for migration: Detach

Multi-platform
DEMIPLAT Principle for migration: Detach - Migrate

Multi-platform
DEMIPLAT Principle for migration: Detach - Migrate - Plastify

Multi-platform
DEMIPLAT Principle for migration: Detach - Migrate - Plastify - Attach

Multi-platform
This is not a floating bar
Process

Computer B
Computer A
Process
Multi-platform
Process

MigriXML Case study
The user’s environment is a small office, with five different platforms

Monitor, device
Computing platform
User
Environment
Context of use
Domain and task
one
many
31

Multiple users
Design guideline #1: provide multiple ways to carry out a task by differentusers
Interactive systemsshouldbetter support multiple users in multi-taskingbecause group definition changes
Extended from [Mandviwalla & Olfman, 2000]

Multiple users
Design guideline #2: support multiple workmethods
A sametaskcouldinvolvedifferentsub-tasksdepending on the context
Design guideline #3:support group evolution
GR1 et GR2 changent en fonction du temps
[Mandviwalla & Olfman, 2000]

Monitor, device
Computing platform
User
Environment
Context of use
Domain and task
one
many
34

Multi-context
The Sedan-Bouillon Tourist Application with Plasticity
The Slides Manager
[Demeure et al.,2004]

Monitor, device
Computing platform
User
Environment
Context of use
Domain and task
one
many
36

What we have for multi-tasking
Ext/Tktoolkit

DUI development
Currentshortcomings
#1. No genuine distribution

DUI development
Currentshortcomings
#2. Distribution ispredefined, opportunistic or optimized for sometask
Desktop Computer
Tablet PC
Designer'sOutpost
[Klemmer et al., 2002]

DUI development
Currentshortcomings
#3. Distribution isat the container level (highgranularity)
[Czerwinsky et al., 2000]

DUI development
Currentshortcomings
#4. Distribution is not replicable
[Vandervelpen et al., 2000]

DUI development
Towards a Toolkitof distribution primitives (more…)
DISPLAY
COPY
MOVE
REPLACE
MERGE
SWITCH
DISTRIBUTE
…

DUI development
Toolkit of distribution primitives: examples
COPY button_1 TO shared_display
Source UI
Shared_display
Meta-UI [Coutaz 2006]

DUI development
REMOVE outputText FROM "window_comp_0"
Target UI
Source UI

DUI development
MERGE "window_comp_0", "window_comp_1" TO "window_comp_2"
Source UI
Target UI

Conclusion
Toolkit for DUI distribution primitives
Pros
Distribution isregulated by primitivesin a scenario
Distribution is model-based, atanylevel of granularity, isreplicable, etc.
Cons
Stillneed to develop a model-basedapproach
Whatis the best distribution graph?
Distribution scene
Concrete User Interface Model
More distribution algorithms are required (optim.)

User Interface eXtensibleMarkupLanguage
http://www.usixml.org
FP7 Serenoaprojecthttp://www.serenoa-fp7.eu
FP7 Selfmanprojecthttp://www.ist-selfman.org/
For more information and downloading,http://www.isys.ucl.ac.be/bchi
Thankyouverymuch!

Towards a toolkit for Distributed User Interfaces: think Distributed!

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