Elizabeth Iorns - How Science Exchange promotes Open Science

Elizabeth Iorns, Ph.D. Co-Founder & CEO

What is Science Exchange?Science Exchange is a marketplace forscientists to list, discover, and accessscientific services from any institution inthe world. COMPANY VITALS COMPANY METRICS Inception: May 2011 +800 experiment types Headquar ters: Palo Alto, CA +1,000 providers Investors: Andreessen Horowitz, angel investors +250,000 visits

What is Science Exchange?Science Exchange provides open accessto specialized research infrastructure andexper tise at top research institutionsCurrently >1,000 providers from >200 US research institutions Sample facilities

How Science Exchange works!   1 Search for an experiment type. ! Search for a scientiﬁc service, by experiment type. Over 800 different services currently listed.

How Science Exchange works!   2 Choose a service provider. ! Compare service offerings from more than 1000 core facilities. Pricing information and ability to ﬁlter by location is provided

How Science Exchange works!   3 Submit a service request. ! Request an estimate from your chosen facility.

How Science Exchange works!   4 Accept a service quote. ! Get notiﬁed of service offerings via email, and our online system. Accept an estimate from your chosen provider.

How Science Exchange works!   5 Communicate with your provider. ! Receive updates, ask questions, exchange data. Easy payment via Science Exchange, an approved vendor within university purchasing systems.

OUNT E AC C o m UR FRE hange .c T E YO c e e x cCREA //scienAT http:

So what does this have to do with Open Science?

Some key goals of Open Science➡ Transparency➡ Access➡ Efﬁciency➡ Reproducibility

Some key goals of Open Science➡ Transparency ✔➡ Access ✔➡ Efﬁciency ✔➡ Reproducibility ✔

TransparencyPrices vary dramatically for the same serviceAverage difference of 74% from highest-priced to lowest-pricedprovider on Science Exchange:➡ DNA Sequencing: prices range from $3 per sample to >$12 per sample➡ Mass spectrometr y: $50 per sample to $350 per sample➡ Microarray analysis: $180 per sample to $700 per sample➡ Bioinformatics analysis: prices range from $60 per hr to $150 per hour

Transparency $500 $1,00 $1,50 $2,00 $2,50 $3,00 $3,50 $4,00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0SNP Array for GWASNGS library generationNGS paired end HiSeq 2000Sanger DNA sequencingIllumina microarrayAffymetrix microarrayBioinformaticsIHC of tissue sectionsTransgenic mouse production

Transparency “BY USING SCIENCE EXCHANGE WE WERE ABLE TO SAVE HALF THE COST ON THIS PARTICULAR TYPE OF EXPERIMENT”

Access

Access You can outsource pretty much any type of experiment:production of viruses fortransduction experiments acquisition of tissue for studies on clinicalgeneration of stable cell lines samples generation of transgenic miceprotein

production

conduction of animal studies including xenograft studies behavioral studies and neurological studies etc etc etc...

EfﬁciencyFor most experiments there are true specialistswho are better and cheaper than other options(e.g. DIY)

Efﬁciency Bill fo PCR pr DIY TA c roduc loning ts of TOPO rxn)... TA clonin .......... g .......... kit (20 $31 PCR ( .......$4 100 rx 60 n)...... Ligase ........$ (30 rx 78 vs. n)...... Comp ........$ 99 rxn)... etent cells .......... (10 .......... Minip .......$2 rep ki 17 rxn)... .......... t (50 per rxn .......... Restri .........$ ction 84 (100u l)....... enzyme .......... Agaro .......... Ethid etc, et se gel ium b (50g). .......$2 $53 65 outsourced c.... romide etc, etc, Total cost... .......... Total ..$1,00 cost (p 0’s er rxn .......... ) .......... .......... ......$ 5 5

EfficiencyScience Exchange was established to improve theefficiency of scientific researchWe believe scientific specialization is essential for efficiency:➡ no single scientist can master all techniques or purchase all equipment➡ no single university can provide all core facilities = a marketplace for core facilities

EfficiencyScience Exchange promotes open access to expertprovidersImproves collaboration with experts at core facilities & CROs:➡ No requirement to purchase duplicate equipment➡ No need to learn highly specialized one-off techniquesProvides one central, efficient solution:➡ Ensures researchers know where to go➡ Tracks usage & efficiency of research spending as an important metric

ReproducibilityQuality of academic research is under scrutiny:➡ ~80% of academic studies1,2,3 reported not reproducible➡ 10x increase in retracted publications over past decadeImplications for quality:➡ Lack of academic reproducibility results in lack of new therapies➡ Bayer halted 65% of target validation projects in 2011➡ Drug development estimated at ~$4B per NME1. Drug development: Raise standards for preclinical cancer research. Begley CG, Ellis LM. Nature. 2012; 483(7391):531-3.2. Reliability of new drug target claims called into question. Mullard A. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2011; 10(9):643-4.3. Claims of sex differences: an empirical assessment in genetic associations. Patsopoulos NA, Tatsioni A, Ioannidis JP. JAMA. 2007; 298(8):880-93.

Reproducibility solutionUse specialists to enhance the quality of researchDistribute research among multiple sites➡ prevents single investigator biasReplicate key data at independent sites➡ reward high quality reproducible research

What does Science Exchange meanfor your research?➡ Increased speed➡ Decreased cost➡ Better quality

elizabeth@scienceexchange.com Twitter @elizabethiorns

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Elizabeth Iorns - How Science Exchange promotes Open Science

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