Chapter 10

Chapter Objectives
In this chapter, you will learn:
About networks, network protocols, and network architectures
How networking works with Windows
How to install a network card, connect to a network, and share network resources
About Internet technologies and how to access the Internet

Network Types and Architectures
A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together to share resources, such as hardware, software, data, and information
Bandwidth refers to the amount of data that can travel over a given communication system in a given amount of time
A PC makes a direct connection to a network by way of a network adapter
Network interface card (NIC)

LANs, MANs, and WANs
A local area network (LAN) connects computers and devices in a relatively small area
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a high-speed network that connects LANs in a metropolitan area such as a city or town
A wide area network (WAN) covers a large geographic area

Physical Network Topologies

Logical Network Architecture
The network architecture is a logical model that defines the design and interaction of the computers, devices, and media on a network
Client/Server
One or more computers acts as a server and the other computers on the network request services from the server
Peer-to-Peer
Each computer on the network has equal responsibilities and capabilities on the network

Logical Network Architecture

Network Hardware Protocols
Network protocols are rules that define how the hardware devices and software operate and work together
Ethernet
Hardware protocol that allows nodes to contend for access to the network
Token Ring and FDDI
Token ring is an older LAN technology that controls access to the network by requiring devices on the network to pass a special signal called a token
FDDI is similar to token ring, but uses a dial-ring approach

Types of Ethernet

Types of Network Cables

Configuring Ethernet Networks
Ethernet networks can be configured using either a bus or star topology
A bridge typically connects one LAN to another LAN that uses the same hardware protocol
A switch works much like a bridge, but does not broadcast messages

Configuring Ethernet Networks

Wireless LANs
Wireless LAN (WLAN) technology uses radio waves or infrared light instead of cables or wires to connect computers or other devices
A computer connects to a wireless LAN using a wireless NIC
A device can communicate directly with another device, or it can connect to a LAN by way of a wireless access point (AP)

Wireless LANs: 802.11 Standards

How NICs Work
A NIC is designed to support one of the network hardware protocols
A NIC can be internal or external
Before sending data from a computer, a NIC must convert the data into a signal that is appropriate for network cabling
The component on the card responsible for this signal conversion is called the transceiver
Ethernet cards that accommodate different cabling media are called combo cards

How NICs Work

Network Protocols
Windows supports three suites of network protocols:
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol)
IPX/SPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange / Sequenced Packet Exchange)
NetBEUI (NetBIOS Extended User Interface)
Binding occurs when an operating system-level protocol such as TCP/IP associates itself with a lower-level hardware protocol such as Ethernet

Addressing on a Network
A MAC (Media Access Control) address is a 6-byte address, often expressed as six pairs of hexadecimal numbers and letters, often separated by hyphens
An IP address is a 32-bit address consisting of a series of four 8-bit numbers separated by periods
A port number identifies a program or service running on a computer to communicate over the network
Character-based names are used to identify a PC on a network with easy-to-remember letters rather than numbers

MAC Addresses

IP Addresses

Port Numbers

How Computers Find Each Other on a LAN
DNS (Domain Name System) is a system that determines the IP address associated with host names and domain names
DNS Server
WINS (Windows Internet Naming Service) is a system that determines the IP address associated with a client or server computer running on a Windows network using the NetBEUI protocol

Connecting to a Network
Install the Network Interface Card
Name the computer on the network
Connect to the network

Installing a Wireless NIC and Connecting to a Wireless LAN
Install any software that came with the NIC
Install the wireless NIC
Start the PC and install the drivers
The NIC will attempt to connect to access points already set up
Consult the documentation if the wireless connection is not working

Installing a Wireless NIC and Connecting to a Wireless LAN

Sharing Files, Folders, and Applications
If users on a LAN need to share applications, files, or printers, then all these users must be assigned to the same domain or workgroup on the LAN
To share resources, you first must install Client for Microsoft Networks and File and Printer Sharing
These two components are installed by default when you install Windows XP using the Typical setting

Mapping a Network Drive
Mapping a network drive is one of the most powerful and versatile methods of communicating over a network
The mapped drive appears as if it is a drive directly on the PC

Troubleshooting a Network Connection
Some methods and steps to resolve networking issues:
Determine whether other computers on the network are having trouble with their connections
Make sure the NIC and its drivers are installed
Check the network cable
Connect the network cable to a different port on the hub
Ping and Ipconfig

Routers
A router is a communications device that manages the delivery of data traveling over interconnected networks

TCP/IP Suite of Protocols

Connecting to the Internet: Dial-up Modems

Connecting to the Internet: DSL Modems

Connecting to the Internet: Cable Modems

Connecting to the Internet Using Dial-up Networking
To connect to the Internet over a telephone line using a dial-up connection, you need to have a modem installed on your PC
When a Windows PC connects to a network using a modem and regular telephone line, the process is called dial-up networking
The modem on your PC acts like a network card

How Dial-up Networking Works

Using a Dial-up Connection in Windows XP
In order for your PC to connect to your ISP and use the Internet, you must know:
The dial-up access telephone number of the ISP
Your user ID and password for the ISP
If DNS servers will be assigned at connection
How your IP address will be assigned

Installing and Configuring a Cable Modem
Install the network card and drivers to control the card
Use a network cable to connect the PC to a cable modem or DSL box
Install TCP/IP to bind TCP/IP to the card
Configure TCP/IP using the settings provided by the cable service provider
Test the connection using application software

Installing and Configuring a DSL Modem

Implementing a Firewall
A firewall can function in several ways:
Firewalls can filter data packets, examining the destination IP address or source IP address or the type of protocol used (for example, TCP or UDP)
Firewalls can filter ports so outside clients cannot communicate with inside services listening at these ports
Firewalls can filter applications such as FTP so users inside the firewall cannot use this service over the Internet
Some firewalls can filter information such as inappropriate Web content for children or employees

Hardware Firewall

Software Firewall

Accessing Internet Resources Using a Web Browser
A Web browser is a software application on a user’s PC that is used to request Web pages from a Web server on the Internet or an intranet
A Web page is a document on the Web identified by a unique URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) can be interpreted by a Web browser to display formatted text, graphics, images, forms, and so on

How a URL is Structured

Chapter Summary
In this chapter, you learned:
About networks, network protocols, and network architectures
How networking works with Windows
How to install a network card, connect to a network, and share network resources
About Internet technologies and how to access the Internet

Chapter 10 Complete

Chapter 10

by Sandra4211

Accessibility

Upload Details

Usage Rights

Statistics

Chapter 10 Presentation Transcript