2. Separating of mixture into pure
substance
• A mixture can be separated into it’s
component by physical methods
depending upon the properties of
components
• Ex. Hand picking, filtration, evaporation
3. Types of Separation
Technique
• There are many types of separation
technique, which are:-
1. Evaporation 2. Centrifugation
3. Separating funnel 4. Sublimation
5. Chromatography 6. Distillation
7.Fractional Distillation 8.Crystallisation
4. Evaporation
• Evaporation is a technique by which we
can separate the Volatile component
that is solvent from it’s Non – Volatile
solute.
• Example :- Blue-dye can be obtained
from blue ink by the method of
Evaporation.
5. Centrifugation
• It is a process in which denser particles
are forced to settle at the bottom and
lighter stay at the top when rotted at
high speed.
• Example :- To separate Cream from Milk
• Application :-
1. It is used for blood and urine test
2. It is used in automatic washing machine
to Squeeze out water from wet clothes
6. Separating funnel
(Separation of immiscible liquid)
• Those liquids which do not mix with each
other are called immiscible liquids. Ex :-
kerosene in water, oil in water ,etc.
• Immiscible liquid can be separated out by
using separating funnel.
• Principle behind that immiscible liquid
separate out layer depending on their
densities
7. Application
1. It is used in extraction of organic
compound of organic substance in which
these compound are more soluble then
water.
2. It is also used in removing molten slag
which float over molten iron at the
bottom of blast Furness.
8. Sublimation
• Sublimation is the a process of separate
mixture of two substance in which one
of them can sublime and other can not.
• Example:-Mixture of iodine and sand
9. Chromatography
• The Process of separation of components
of a mixture is known as Chromatography.
• ‘Kroma’ in Greek means colours.
• Chromatography is the technique used for
separation of those solutes that dissolve
in the same solvent.
11. Distillation /Fractional
Distillation
• Those liquid which Mixed Thoroughly with
each other are called miscible liquid. Ex :-
Alcohol and water
• They can be separated by process of
distillation.
• Two miscible liquid that boil with out
decomposition and have sufficient difference
in their boiling point (of about 25K) and can
be separated by the method of distillation.
12. • It is a double of evaporation followed by
Condensation.
• To separate a mixture of two or more
miscible liquid for which the difference
in boiling points is less than 25 K ,
Fractional distillation process is used .
• For example, separating different gases
from air, etc.
13. Crystallisation
• The crystallisation method is used to
purify solids. For Example, the salt from
sea water.
• Crystallisation technique is better than
simple evaporation technique as –
1. Some solids decompose or some, like
sugar charred on heating to dryness.
2. Some impurities may remain dissolved
in the solution even after filtration.
14. Application
• Purification of salt that we get from
sea water.
• Separation of crystals of alum from
impurities sample.
