5. Parts of the Computer System
Hardware
Mechanical devices in the computer
Anything that can be touched
Software
Tell the computer what to do
Also called a program
Thousands of programs exist
6. Parts of the Computer System
Data
Pieces of information
Computer organize and present data
Users
People operating the computer
Most important part
Tell the computer what to do
10. I. Essential Computer Hardware
1. Input and Output Devices
2. Processing Devices
3. Memory Devices
4. Storage Devices
11.
12.
13.
14. I. Essential Computer Hardware
Input and output devices
Allow the user to interact
Input devices accept data
Keyboard, mouse
Output devices deliver data
Monitor, printer, speaker
Some devices are input and output
Touch screens
15.
16. I. Essential Computer Hardware
Processing devices
Brain of the computer
Carries out instructions from the
program
Manipulate the data
Most computers have several processors
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Processors made of silicon and copper
17.
18. I. Essential Computer Hardware
Memory devices
Stores
data or programs
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Main Memory
Volatile
Stores current data and programs
More RAM results in a faster system
Read Only Memory (ROM)
Permanent storage of programs
Holds the computer boot directions
19.
20.
21. I. Essential Computer Hardware
Storage devices
Hold data and programs permanently
Different from RAM
Magnetic storage
Floppy and hard drive
Uses a magnet to access data
Optical storage
Compact Disk (CD) and Digital Video Disk
(DVD) drives
Uses a laser to access data
33. II. Software Runs The Machine
Tells the computer what to do
Reason people purchase computers
Two types
1. System software
2. Application software
34.
35. II. Software Runs the Machine
System software
Mostimportant software
Operating system
Windows 7
Network operating system (OS)
Windows Server 2003
Utility
Symantec AntiVirus
36.
37. II. Software Runs the Machine
Application software
Accomplishes
a specific task
Most common type of software
MS Word
Covers most common uses of computers
38. Computer
Computer
Hardware Software
CPU Memory I/O Etc. Application System
Software Software
39.
40. III. Computer Data
Stored using the binary number system
Data can be organized into files
Data
The raw facts and figures that are processed into
information
Information
Data that has been summarized or otherwise
manipulated for use in decision making
Processor converts Data into Information
41. Types of Data
Numeric
Record Daily Milk Expenses
Sun 20 Rs
Mon 30 Rs
Tues 35 Rs
Wed 23 Rs
Thurs 34 Rs
Fri 50 Rs
Sat 30 Rs
42. Types of Data
Numeric
Processing Data
Finding weekly expenditure on Milk
Finding a Daily Average of milk expenditure
20,30,35,23, Find Total/
222/31.7
34,50,30 Average
43. Types of Data
Text
Raw:
one of the most important concepts students must understand is the
fundamental difference between data and information
Processed (1): Formatted
“One of the most important concepts students must
understand is the fundamental difference between data and
information.”
Processed (2): Words arranged alphabetically
“and between concepts data difference fundamental important
information is most must of one students the the understand”
45. Types of Data
Image
Other Examples
Fingerprint Recognition
Arrangement of your photo albums on PC
46. Types of Data
Audio
Raw: Conversation between people in cockpit of
aircraft and Flight Controller recorded in Black box
Processed: In case of air crash, the recorded audio
will be converted to digital form, background noise
will be removed, and the clarity of speech will be
improved to assist investigators
47. Types of Data
Video
Raw: Old Black and White movies
Processed: Black and white movie made colored
Raw: Any Video in foreign language
Processed: Dub it in Urdu
48. So a computer is a device that takes data
and instructions and processes the data
into information as directed by the
instructions
49. IV. Computer users
Role depends on ability
Setup the system
Install software
Manage files
Maintain the system
Take advantage of the system
“Userless” computers
Run with no user input
Automated systems
52. Summary
A computer is simply a device that computes,
taking some input, processing it, and producing
some output
At a low (processor) level, computers are pretty
dumb and have to be told exactly what to do
However, with intelligently written computer
programs, computers can behave quite
intelligently
Computers can come in all sorts of forms, and
not just the types you may be familiar with
53. Acronyms
PCI – Peripheral Component Interconnect
AGP – Accelerated Graphics Port
IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics
CMOS – Complementary Metal–Oxide–
Semiconductor
BIOS – Basic Input/Output System
USB – Universal Serial Bus
ISA – Industry Standard Architecture