PHP – Faster And Cheaper. Scale Vertically with IBM i on Power Systems By Sam Hennessy – Zend Professional Services Consultant

General Rules and Edge Cases As a general rule, I’d recommend horizontal scaling There are cases where vertical scaling fits better

As a general rule, I’d recommend horizontal scaling

There are cases where vertical scaling fits better

Application Design “ Simplicity, carried to the extreme, becomes elegance.” Jon Franklin (Pulitzer Prize Winner)

“ Simplicity, carried to the extreme, becomes elegance.”

Jon Franklin (Pulitzer Prize Winner)

Worse is Better by Richard Gabriel Better to get it out now with 50% to 80% of functionality, than later with 90%.

Worse is Better Examples from Richard are Unix and C “ Early Unix and C compilers … require[d] few machine resources to run, and provide about 50% to 80% of what you want.” “ Unix and C are the ultimate computer viruses.” “ Once the virus has spread, there will be pressure to improve it…”

Examples from Richard are Unix and C

“ Early Unix and C compilers … require[d] few machine resources to run, and provide about 50% to 80% of what you want.”

“ Unix and C are the ultimate computer viruses.”

“ Once the virus has spread, there will be pressure to improve it…”

Worse is Better 80-20 Rule 20% of the effort yields 80% of the value A 20% complete product, has 80% of what the users want “ The first 90% of the code accounts for the first 90% of the development time. The remaining 10% of the code accounts for the other 90% of the development time.” - Tom Cargill (C++ Pioneer)

80-20 Rule

20% of the effort yields 80% of the value

A 20% complete product, has 80% of what the users want

Worse is Better Another example is Twitter. Started with a good API, but a limited website. 20% of the work?

Another example is Twitter.

Started with a good API, but a limited website.

20% of the work?

Platform Choice “ An underappreciated advantage of a platform approach is junior developers can quickly and confidently create robust applications on top of the platform. If every project needs to create the same distributed infrastructure wheel you’ll run into difficulty because the people who know how to do this are relatively rare.” – A quote referring to Google

Debugging Is Hard Many layers of abstraction Remote application calls Asynchronous processing and message busses “ Debugging is twice as hard as writing the code in the first place. Therefore, if you write the code as cleverly as possible, you are, by definition, not smart enough to debug it.” - Brian Kernighan (Unix Pioneer and Creator of cron)

Many layers of abstraction

Remote application calls

Asynchronous processing and message busses

Scalability “ It’s hardware that makes a machine fast. It’s software that makes a fast machine slow.” Craig Bruce

“ It’s hardware that makes a machine fast. It’s software that makes a fast machine slow.”

Craig Bruce

Scalability - Planning How much do you need to scale to? Internal company application Shopping cart Twitter Facebook Google search Capacity planning is difficult for new applications

How much do you need to scale to?

Internal company application

Shopping cart

Twitter

Facebook

Google search

Capacity planning is difficult for new applications

Horizontal Scalability (Scale Out)

Horizontal Scalability Solution = Use lots of cheap PCs and spread the work around Small upfront investment in hardware Growth costs are fine grained Well established solution to growth Generally, an individual web request only needs a small amount of computing resources.

Solution = Use lots of cheap PCs and spread the work around

Small upfront investment in hardware

Growth costs are fine grained

Well established solution to growth

Horizontal Scalability Web Server Database

Reads Master Writes Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server

Reads Master Writes Slave Slave Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server

Reads Master Writes Slave Slave Chat Blogs Chat Reads Chat Writes Blog Reads Blog Writes Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server

Slave Slave Reads Master Slave Slave Chat Blogs Chat Reads Slave Slave Blog Reads Chat Writes Blog Writes Writes Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server

Chat 1 Read Write Chat 2 Chat 3 Chat 5 Chat 6 Chat 4 Chat 7 Chat 8 Chat 9 Chat 10 Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server

Chat 1 Read Chat 2 Chat 3 Chat 5 Chat 6 Chat 4 Chat 7 Chat 8 Chat 9 Chat 10 Write Key Lookup Shard Keys Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server

Chat 1 Read Chat 2 Chat 3 Chat 5 Chat 6 Chat 4 Chat 7 Chat 8 Chat 9 Chat 10 Write Key Lookup Shard Keys Chat 1 Chat 2 Chat 3 Chat 5 Chat 6 Chat 4 Chat 7 Chat 8 Chat 9 Chat 10 Shard Keys Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server Web Server

Horizontal Scaling – Issues With Sharding No cross-shard SQL queries No foreign keys, auto_increment’s or transactions Balancing shards Power users Rebalancing after adding more shards

No cross-shard SQL queries

No foreign keys, auto_increment’s or transactions

Balancing shards

Power users

Rebalancing after adding more shards

Horizontal Scaling – Issues With Sharding Networking overheads Backups “ This means you have to deal with enforcing integrity on the application level, and you might eventually end up spending a significant amount of your development time on check and fix routines.” - Jurriaan Persyn (Netlog)

Networking overheads

Backups

Horizontal Scaling Why? Simply put, too much complexity “ You don’t want to shard. Optimize everything else first, and then if performance still isn’t good enough, it’s time to take a very bitter medicine.” - Morgan Tocker (MySQL Performance Blog)

Why?

Simply put, too much complexity

Horizontal Scaling Peter Says: In most cases he advises against: Reading from the slaves Sharding Complex replication Complex high availability designs “ the recipes from Facebook, YouTube, Yahoo, are not good for like 99.9% of the applications” “ this “smart thing” was [it] truly thought out architecture choice in [the] beginning or it was the choice within code base constrain[t]s” - Peter Zaitsev (MySQL Performance Blog)

Peter Says:

In most cases he advises against:

Reading from the slaves

Sharding

Complex replication

Complex high availability designs

Horizontal Scaling - Downsides Large upfront investment in design, planning and development to allow for horizontal scaling Difficult to respond to very fast growth More physical servers also means more: datacenter space networking hardware people software licenses?

Large upfront investment in design, planning and development to allow for horizontal scaling

Difficult to respond to very fast growth

More physical servers also means more:

datacenter space

networking hardware

people

software licenses?

Horizontal Scaling – Comfort Zone Why is horizontal scaling so prevalent? It’s been proven to work Lots of literature on it “ Better the devil you know than the devil you don't know” - Proverb

Why is horizontal scaling so prevalent?

It’s been proven to work

Lots of literature on it

Vertical Scalability (Scale Up) A superior pilot uses his superior judgment to avoid having to exercise his superior skill. Pilot’s Maxim

A superior pilot uses his superior judgment to avoid having to exercise his superior skill.

Pilot’s Maxim

Vertical Scaling The original scaling methodology One server does everything

The original scaling methodology

One server does everything

Vertical Scaling – Application Impact Simpler applications means: Easier to design Easier to plan Lower development time Easier to debug and test No scalability “features” = Simpler application!

Simpler applications means:

Easier to design

Easier to plan

Lower development time

Easier to debug and test

Web Server Database

Web Server (Dev / QA / Stage / Production) Database (Dev / QA / Stage / Production) SVN / CI / Ticket System / WIKI

Why IBM Power Systems? Completely different mindset from Linux and x86 Self Managing, Self Repairing Less a scaled up x86 Server, more a scaled down Mainframe.

Completely different mindset from Linux and x86

Self Managing, Self Repairing

Why IBM i? “ Turnkey” Requires little attention from IT PHP, MySQL and Apache run natively DB2 database is built in

“ Turnkey”

Requires little attention from IT

PHP, MySQL and Apache run natively

DB2 database is built in

IBM Power Systems Upgrade Path Full binary compatibility With servers up to: 64 5.0GHz Cores 4TB of RAM 381 TB HDD (32 I/O Draws) Capacity On Demand

Full binary compatibility

With servers up to:

64 5.0GHz Cores

4TB of RAM

381 TB HDD (32 I/O Draws)

Capacity On Demand

Availability “ Never trust a computer you can’t throw out a window.” Steve Wozniak ( Apple Computer, Inc. Co-Founder)

“ Never trust a computer you can’t throw out a window.”

Steve Wozniak ( Apple Computer, Inc. Co-Founder)

Availability Power Systems availability rating is over 99.9% Google Apps also guarantees availability for 99.9% 99.9% 8.76 hours downtime

Power Systems availability rating is over 99.9%

Google Apps also guarantees availability for 99.9%

PHP on IBM i “ Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.” Leonardo da Vinci

“ Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.”

Leonardo da Vinci

PHP on IBM i Zend Core for i5/OS Runs natively Ships with IBM i 1 year of Zend Silver Level support included “ IBM i Toolkit”

Zend Core for i5/OS

Runs natively

Ships with IBM i

1 year of Zend Silver Level support included

“ IBM i Toolkit”

PHP on IBM i Zend Studio for i5/OS Included in price of IBM i (a.k.a. free) Debugging integration for the IBM i Supports the IBM i Toolkit Best PHP IDE on the market

Zend Studio for i5/OS

Included in price of IBM i (a.k.a. free)

Debugging integration for the IBM i

Supports the IBM i Toolkit

Best PHP IDE on the market

PHP on IBM i Zend Platform for i5/OS Real-time Monitoring (PHP Intelligence) Op-code cache (Code Acceleration) Java integration (Java Bridge) Rule base output caching (Full page caching) Data caching (Partial page caching) Zend Download Server

Zend Platform for i5/OS

Real-time Monitoring (PHP Intelligence)

Op-code cache (Code Acceleration)

Java integration (Java Bridge)

Rule base output caching (Full page caching)

Data caching (Partial page caching)

Zend Download Server

PHP on IBM i Zend Server 5 Beta coming soon More performance Code tracing

Zend Server 5

Beta coming soon

More performance

Code tracing

Databases “ Controlling complexity is the essence of computer programming.” - Brian Kernigan (Unix Pioneer and Creator of cron)

“ Controlling complexity is the essence of computer programming.”

- Brian Kernigan (Unix Pioneer and Creator of cron)

Databases MySQL Runs natively on IBM i Officially supported by MySQL AB DB2 Storage Engine for MySQL

MySQL

Runs natively on IBM i

Officially supported by MySQL AB

DB2 Storage Engine for MySQL

Databases DB2 Mainframe quality database Integrated into the IBM i operating system Low maintenance An IBM i Admin will also be your DB2 DBA

DB2

Mainframe quality database

Integrated into the IBM i operating system

Low maintenance

An IBM i Admin will also be your DB2 DBA

Operations “ Complexity kills. It sucks the life out of developers, it makes products difficult to plan, build and test, it introduces security challenges, and it causes end-user and administrator frustration.” Ray Ozzie (Chief Software Architect at Microsoft)

“ Complexity kills. It sucks the life out of developers, it makes products difficult to plan, build and test, it introduces security challenges, and it causes end-user and administrator frustration.”

Ray Ozzie (Chief Software Architect at Microsoft)

Consolidation Hard VMs not Soft VMs Firmware based Hardware and OS is VM aware Dynamic Logical Partitioning Processor, memory, and I/O resources Most servers are only using 10% to 20% of there capacity

Hard VMs not Soft VMs

Firmware based

Hardware and OS is VM aware

Dynamic Logical Partitioning

Processor, memory, and I/O resources

Costs – IBM Power System Rule of Thumb Total Cost of Acquisition (TCA) is higher Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) is lower

Total Cost of Acquisition (TCA) is higher

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) is lower

Costs – What Are The Costs? Personnel is often your highest cost Value Proposition For IBM Power Servers and i International Technology Group (June 2009)

Personnel is often your highest cost

Costs - Operational Operations Most shops don’t need a full time IBM i Admin IBM i Admins are also DB2 DBA’s Contractor rate $80 - $150 Use less: Networking hardware and personnel Floor space Energy

Operations

Most shops don’t need a full time IBM i Admin

IBM i Admins are also DB2 DBA’s

Contractor rate $80 - $150

Use less:

Networking hardware and personnel

Floor space

Energy

Costs - Development Costs Simpler Applications Lower development time Less maintenance cost Less planning Reduce management work load Use of junior developers

Simpler Applications

Lower development time

Less maintenance cost

Less planning

Reduce management work load

Use of junior developers

Vertical Ceiling Partition by function Dedicated database server New functionality Refactor current functionality Move to a larger vertical scaling system (System z)

Partition by function

Dedicated database server

New functionality

Refactor current functionality

Move to a larger vertical scaling system (System z)

Final Thoughts “ Everything should be made as simple as possible, but no simpler.” Albert Einstein

“ Everything should be made as simple as possible, but no simpler.”

Albert Einstein

Which Is Better? It’s all about the right tool at the right time. Neither

It’s all about the right tool at the right time.

Use Case Scenarios Using Power System will: Provide a low man-power solution Ability to use more junior level PHP developers Or not able to find super stars Use of IBM i contractor adds no extra load on “IT” or the DBAs Staffing Problems You have a Hiring Freeze or just an inability to get new people, be them developers, DBA’s or system admin’s.

Using Power System will:

Provide a low man-power solution

Ability to use more junior level PHP developers

Or not able to find super stars

Use of IBM i contractor adds no extra load on “IT” or the DBAs

Use Case Scenarios Using Power System will: Allow you to rewrite the rules Allow you to possibly change the balance of power The “IT” Stalemate Red tape is killing productivity or your developers ability quickly get things done.

Using Power System will:

Allow you to rewrite the rules

Allow you to possibly change the balance of power

Questions?

Thank You! Please come find me if you have any more questions Leave feedback at http://joind.in/888

Please come find me if you have any more questions

Leave feedback at http://joind.in/888