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03/10/13	
  

HEALTY	
  WORK	
  IN	
  	
  
DISTRIBUTED	
  ORGANIZATIONS	
  
Does	
  Unity	
  of	
  Time,	
  Place	
  and	
  AcGon	
  MaIer?	
  

Dr.	
  Mark	
  JG	
  Govers,	
  PhD	
  &	
  Merijn	
  Zee,	
  Msc.	
  

1	
  
03/10/13	
  

1.  Challenges	
  and	
  Sociotechnical	
  view(s)	
  on	
  distributed	
  
work	
  and	
  organizaGons	
  (30	
  min.)	
  
2.  Groups	
  Discussion	
  on	
  Statements	
  regarding	
  distributed	
  
work	
  and	
  organizaGons	
  (30	
  min.)	
  
3.  Plenary	
  Dialogue	
  and	
  Wrap	
  Up	
  (30	
  min.)	
  

W O R K = P I V O TA L O F
SOCIOTECHNICAL DESIGN

2	
  
03/10/13	
  

W O R K = P I V O TA L O F
SOCIOTECHNICAL DESIGN
H E A LT H Y W O R K
(quality of labor)

CLOSE	
  to	
  EACHOTHER	
  (in	
  factories	
  &	
  offices),	
  	
  
BUT	
  NOT	
  INTERRELATED	
  in	
  TEAMS	
  to	
  do	
  a	
  “COMPLETE”	
  JOB	
  (execuGon	
  +	
  control)	
  
AND	
  ABLE	
  to	
  ABSORB	
  UNCERTAINTIES	
  and	
  DISTURBANCS	
  (interferences)	
  	
  

3	
  
03/10/13	
  

SERVICES	
  WORK	
  more	
  IMPORTANT	
  in	
  	
  
WESTERN	
  ECONOMIES	
  (less	
  manufacturing)	
  
IT	
  BECOMES	
  more	
  and	
  more	
  	
  
the	
  CONTEXT	
  in	
  which	
  we	
  WORK	
  
IT	
  potenGal	
  danger	
  of	
  INFO-­‐CRACY	
  	
  
(bureaucracy	
  triggered	
  by	
  IT	
  –	
  “invisabilty”)	
  	
  

IT	
  CREATES	
  OPPORTUNITY	
  TO	
  BREAK:	
  Gme	
  and	
  place	
  
	
  
as	
  WITH	
  IT	
  we	
  can	
  WORK	
  anyplace	
  and	
  anyGme	
  

4	
  
03/10/13	
  

When	
  did	
  Time	
  and	
  Place	
  become	
  Design	
  Criteria	
  for	
  the	
  Office?	
  

3rd	
  	
  generaGon	
  
NETWORK	
  ORG.	
  
2nd	
  	
  generaGon	
  
PROCESS	
  or	
  MATRIX	
  ORG.	
  

1st	
  generaGon	
  
FUNCTIONAL	
  ORG.	
  

1890	
  

1950	
  

Taylorist	
  
office	
  

BurolandschaD	
  
social	
  democraEc	
  	
  
office	
  

Type	
  
writer	
  

Main	
  
frame	
  

ProducEon	
  

1980	
  
Stone	
  &	
  Luche,	
  
uche,	
  
“Your	
  office	
  iis	
  	
  	
  
ffice	
   s	
  
where	
  you	
  are”	
  	
  
you	
  are”
PC	
  

1990	
  

2000	
  
Telework	
  
Casual	
  office	
  

Regus	
  
business	
  	
  
centers	
  
Laptop	
  

2010	
  
Seats2meet	
  
Spaces	
  
IGLUU	
  

PDA	
  

Internet	
  
Service	
  

Knowledge	
  

Netbook	
  

Ipad	
  

Cloud	
  compuEng	
  
CreaEve	
  

Distributed	
  Work	
  PotenGal	
  Danger	
  of	
  Unhealthy	
  Work	
  	
  
(bureaucracy	
  triggered	
  by	
  flex	
  work)	
  	
  

5	
  
03/10/13	
  

workplace	
  
inter-­‐
secGon	
  

Home	
  
inter-­‐
secGon	
  

work	
	
   	
   	
  &	
   	
   	
   	
   	
  life

workplace	
  
inter-­‐
secGon	
  

Home	
  
inter-­‐
secGon	
  

work life balance!

6	
  
03/10/13	
  

ON A PERSONAL LEVEL
How often do you check your business phone during downtime?
year	
  

year	
  

year	
  

year	
  

Never	
  
1	
  -­‐	
  2	
  per	
  hour	
  
3	
  -­‐	
  5	
  per	
  hour	
  
5	
  -­‐9	
  per	
  hour	
  
>	
  10	
  per	
  hour	
  
(obsessive)	
  

TECHNO INVASION

BREAKING OUT OF

What do organizations lose?

7	
  
03/10/13	
  

THEY ARE LOSING THEIR…
Out of office
Not at desk
Break
Meeting
Telephone
Desk work
PC
Study

RHYTHM
at	
  desk	
  
not	
  at	
  desk	
  

	
  and	
  that’s	
  when…	
  

workplace	
  
inter-­‐
secGon	
  

Home	
  
inter-­‐
secGon	
  

	
  work is not so healthy

8	
  
03/10/13	
  

WHAT IS OUR OPINION?
Unity	
  of	
  Gme,	
  place	
  and	
  acGon	
  does	
  not	
  guarantee	
  producGve	
  
collabraGon	
  between	
  knowledge	
  workers	
  
The	
  health	
  and	
  producGvity	
  of	
  work	
  depends	
  on	
  how	
  we	
  organize	
  
teamwork/collaboraGon.	
  
Interdependence	
  can	
  be	
  both	
  good	
  and	
  bad!	
  

How	
  can	
  STS	
  make	
  Work	
  in	
  Distributed	
  
OrganizaGons	
  more	
  Healthy?	
  	
  

9	
  
03/10/13	
  

1.  What	
  tools/models/approaches	
  do	
  you	
  recommend	
  for	
  a	
  parGcipaGve	
  
design	
  of	
  healthy	
  and	
  innovaGve	
  organizaGons	
  AnyEme/Anyplace?	
  
	
  
2.  How	
  do	
  they	
  differ	
  from	
  tradiGonal	
  organizaGon	
  design	
  pracGce?	
  
	
  
3.  How	
  do	
  we	
  as	
  a	
  global	
  community	
  define	
  and	
  decide	
  who	
  are	
  the	
  
experts	
  and	
  who	
  are	
  the	
  informers	
  for	
  adaptaGon	
  to	
  a	
  parGcipaGve	
  
design	
  of	
  healthy	
  and	
  innovaGve	
  organizaGons	
  AnyEme/Anyplace?	
  

10	
  

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Healthy Work in Distributed Organizations - Govers and Zee

  • 1. 03/10/13   HEALTY  WORK  IN     DISTRIBUTED  ORGANIZATIONS   Does  Unity  of  Time,  Place  and  AcGon  MaIer?   Dr.  Mark  JG  Govers,  PhD  &  Merijn  Zee,  Msc.   1  
  • 2. 03/10/13   1.  Challenges  and  Sociotechnical  view(s)  on  distributed   work  and  organizaGons  (30  min.)   2.  Groups  Discussion  on  Statements  regarding  distributed   work  and  organizaGons  (30  min.)   3.  Plenary  Dialogue  and  Wrap  Up  (30  min.)   W O R K = P I V O TA L O F SOCIOTECHNICAL DESIGN 2  
  • 3. 03/10/13   W O R K = P I V O TA L O F SOCIOTECHNICAL DESIGN H E A LT H Y W O R K (quality of labor) CLOSE  to  EACHOTHER  (in  factories  &  offices),     BUT  NOT  INTERRELATED  in  TEAMS  to  do  a  “COMPLETE”  JOB  (execuGon  +  control)   AND  ABLE  to  ABSORB  UNCERTAINTIES  and  DISTURBANCS  (interferences)     3  
  • 4. 03/10/13   SERVICES  WORK  more  IMPORTANT  in     WESTERN  ECONOMIES  (less  manufacturing)   IT  BECOMES  more  and  more     the  CONTEXT  in  which  we  WORK   IT  potenGal  danger  of  INFO-­‐CRACY     (bureaucracy  triggered  by  IT  –  “invisabilty”)     IT  CREATES  OPPORTUNITY  TO  BREAK:  Gme  and  place     as  WITH  IT  we  can  WORK  anyplace  and  anyGme   4  
  • 5. 03/10/13   When  did  Time  and  Place  become  Design  Criteria  for  the  Office?   3rd    generaGon   NETWORK  ORG.   2nd    generaGon   PROCESS  or  MATRIX  ORG.   1st  generaGon   FUNCTIONAL  ORG.   1890   1950   Taylorist   office   BurolandschaD   social  democraEc     office   Type   writer   Main   frame   ProducEon   1980   Stone  &  Luche,   uche,   “Your  office  iis       ffice   s   where  you  are”     you  are” PC   1990   2000   Telework   Casual  office   Regus   business     centers   Laptop   2010   Seats2meet   Spaces   IGLUU   PDA   Internet   Service   Knowledge   Netbook   Ipad   Cloud  compuEng   CreaEve   Distributed  Work  PotenGal  Danger  of  Unhealthy  Work     (bureaucracy  triggered  by  flex  work)     5  
  • 6. 03/10/13   workplace   inter-­‐ secGon   Home   inter-­‐ secGon   work      &          life workplace   inter-­‐ secGon   Home   inter-­‐ secGon   work life balance! 6  
  • 7. 03/10/13   ON A PERSONAL LEVEL How often do you check your business phone during downtime? year   year   year   year   Never   1  -­‐  2  per  hour   3  -­‐  5  per  hour   5  -­‐9  per  hour   >  10  per  hour   (obsessive)   TECHNO INVASION BREAKING OUT OF What do organizations lose? 7  
  • 8. 03/10/13   THEY ARE LOSING THEIR… Out of office Not at desk Break Meeting Telephone Desk work PC Study RHYTHM at  desk   not  at  desk    and  that’s  when…   workplace   inter-­‐ secGon   Home   inter-­‐ secGon    work is not so healthy 8  
  • 9. 03/10/13   WHAT IS OUR OPINION? Unity  of  Gme,  place  and  acGon  does  not  guarantee  producGve   collabraGon  between  knowledge  workers   The  health  and  producGvity  of  work  depends  on  how  we  organize   teamwork/collaboraGon.   Interdependence  can  be  both  good  and  bad!   How  can  STS  make  Work  in  Distributed   OrganizaGons  more  Healthy?     9  
  • 10. 03/10/13   1.  What  tools/models/approaches  do  you  recommend  for  a  parGcipaGve   design  of  healthy  and  innovaGve  organizaGons  AnyEme/Anyplace?     2.  How  do  they  differ  from  tradiGonal  organizaGon  design  pracGce?     3.  How  do  we  as  a  global  community  define  and  decide  who  are  the   experts  and  who  are  the  informers  for  adaptaGon  to  a  parGcipaGve   design  of  healthy  and  innovaGve  organizaGons  AnyEme/Anyplace?   10