0630 System of Rice Intensification (SRI) On–Farm Trials in Eastern Visayas

System of Rice Intensification (SRI) On–Farm Trials in Eastern Visayas

The System of Rice Intensification Basic Information Researchers Dr. Zosimo M. de la Rosa - Regional Program Coordinator Dr. Fe M. Gabunada - Team Member FARMI Staff - Members Participating LGUs, NGOs, POs & Farmers Duration of the study Date Started: June – October 2004 planting season End Date: 2006 (3-4 planting seasons& beyond)

The System of Rice Intensification Basic Information Implementing Agencies
LGU-OMA, Baybay, Leyte
LGU-OMA, Jaro, Alang-alang, Leyte
City Agricultural Service Office (CASO) - Ormoc City
RDI Leyte Incorporated - Ormoc City & Naval, Biliran
Office of the Provincial Agriculturist (OPA) - Leyte
OPA, Naval, Biliran Province
OPA, Borongan, Eastern Samar
Babatngon & San Jorge Seed Farms – Leyte & Samar
CASO, Maasin City- Southern Leyte Province
CASO, Calbayog City – Northern Samar
Biliran National Agricultural College, Biliran Province
MASIPAG- Valencia, Ormoc

The System of Rice Intensification Basic Information Cooperating/Funding Agencies
Association Liaison Office (ALO/USAID)
Cornell Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development
(CIIFAD) – Cornell University, USA
Leyte State University, Visca, Baybay, Leyte
Visca Foundation for Agricultural Research and Development
(VIFARD)
Visayas Consortium Agricultural Research Program (ViCARP)
Eastern Visayas Integrated Agricultural Research Center
(EVIARC)
Rural Development Institute (RDI) Leyte, Incorporated – NGO
OPA, Leyte

The System of Rice Intensification Introduction
Food demand is an acute need of developing countries
like the Philippines
Rice is the staple food of Filipinos & half the world’s pop.
Estimated ave. yield of lowland rice in Eastern Visayas
ranges from 2.5 to 4.5 t/ha; increasing yield by 6.0 t/ha or
higher through SRI practices may reduce rice importation
Need for food security and food safety to meet population
growth
Conversion of prime rice lands as a result of urbanization
SRI practice , which is environment-friendly, opens up a
new hope for disadvantaged rice farmers

Enhancing the productivity and sustainability of the Philippine rice economy through SRI The System of Rice Intensification Goal
To test and demonstrate the applicability of SRI practice in
Eastern Visayas;
To evaluate the yield increment between the SRI practice
and farmers’ traditional rice cultivation;
To determine the economic advantage of SRI over the
traditional rice culture; and
To document farmer-cooperators’ feedback on SRI
Specific Objectives

Background of the SRI Initiative in Eastern Visayas
Dr. Norman Uphoff conducted SRI seminar in March 2004
A working group on SRI was formed at LSU and
SRI protocol was drafted
Joint SRI proposal was prepared
Implementation guidelines were discussed
among participating partners
The System of Rice Intensification

Implementation Strategy Employed
Discussed protocol with selected farmers together with their respective technicians
Identified areas for the on-farm trials
On-going on-farm trials enabled other farmers to interact with cooperators during Farmer-Field Days
Conducted 34 SRI orientations/seminars and small group discussions

The System of Rice Intensification On-Farm Research Sites

Use at least 500 sq.m. of well
puddled/ prepared/leveled irrigated
lowland rice field per location
with a planting distance of
25cm x 25cm.
Test plot will be demarcated
by buffer and irrigation/drainage
channels on all sides to arrest
inter-plot/paddy seepage and
hydraulic conductivity. All
cultural practices for the
conventional management will
be followed in control plots.
Methodology

The System of Rice Intensification Methodology 3. Available compost/manure in the area will be used as fertilizer to be applied before plowing or first harrowing. The rate of application will be dependent on the soil fertility and the resources of farmers. 4. Broadcast pre-germinated rice seeds (farmers’ choice) sufficient for the SRI plot (500 sq.m.)

The System of Rice Intensification Methodology 5. Seedlings ranging from 8-15 days old will be transplanted at a distance of 25cm x 25cm. Only one seedling should be planted per hill within 15-30 minutes after uprooting.
Rice paddies should be moist
but not saturated or flooded;
surface cracking of the soil is
allowable, during the vegetative
stage of the rice plants.

The System of Rice Intensification Methodology 7. Two weeding operations, using rotary weeders, should be employed. First weeding should be 8-10 days after planting. Second should be approximately 3 – 4 weeks after planting. Hand weeding should follow during the growing/tillering phase.

The System of Rice Intensification Methodology
Apply pest control as the need arises, using alternative
management scheme (i.e., biological control or use herbal pesticides).
A depth of 1-5 cm standing
water in the rice field during the
reproductive phases (initiation,
booting, flowering, grain filling)
should be maintained.
10. Rice field should be drained 10-15 days before harvesting.

The System of Rice Intensification Methodology
Three crop cuts (2m x 5m) both
from SRI and non-SRI plots will
be taken to determine the
yield in ton/ha, adjusted to
14% moisture content.
Record all data and feedback
from farmer-experimenters.
Note: Collect “kohol” if it is prevalent in the plot before planting.

The System of Rice Intensification Activities Conducted
SRI Orientations
May 12, 2005 38 13. Lorente, Eastern Samar March 11, 2005 48 12. Leyte Province, Tac. city Feb. 25, 2005 28 11. City Agricultural Office, Calbayog, Western Samar Feb. 16, 2005 36 10. Borogan, Eastern Samar Jan. 14, 2005 67 9. Baybay, Leyte Jan. 10, 2005 15 8. Naval, Biliran Jan. 7, 2005 27 7. SWC, Network, Bohol Dec. 17, 2004 23 6. Matag-ob, Leyte Nov. 22, 2004 39 5. Almeria, Biliran Nov. 15, 2004 44 4. Maasin City, So. Leyte Nov. 5, 2004 60 3. Sogod, So. Leyte Oct. 21, 2004 27 2. Jabonga, Agusan del Norte Sept. 24, 2004 35 1. Almeria, Biliran Date Conducted Number of Participants (DA technicians & farmers) Name of Municipality and Province

SRI Orientations (continuation)
April 15, 2005 11 14. Tigum sa Mga Mag-uuma Patag, Baybay, Leyte July 6, 2005 25 24. PNOC, Ormoc City July 8, 2005 9 23. DA Technicians Conference Baybay, Leyte June 22, 2005 36 22. Palanas Irrigators Assoc., Albuera, Leyte June 21, 2005 15 21. Cabucgayan, Biliran June 18, 2005 28 20. Patag, Baybay, Leyte May 27, 2005 60 19. Farmers’ Scientist Forum SBFISA, Alang-alang, Leyte May 26, 2005 39 18. Mawacat, Calbayog City May 17, 2005 37 17. Quinapondan, Eastern Samar May 14, 2005 35 16. Salcedo, Samar May 13, 2005 41 15. Oras and Bangkayan Eastern Samar Date Conducted Number of Participants (DA technicians & farmers) Name of Municipality and Province

SRI Orientations (continuation)
August 10, 2005 30 25. Brgy. San Jose, Ormoc City December 6, 2005 20 34. DAR, Digos, Davao del Sur November 18, 2005 62 33. Brgy. Sta. Cruz, Baybay, Leyte November 10, 2005 22 32. OPA Naval, Biliran November 7, 2005 61 31. Capoocan, Leyte October 18, 2005 19 30. University of Eastern Phil, Northern Samar October 5, 2005 65 29. NIT-BNAC, Biliran October 3, 2005 11 28. Brgy. Liberty Hilongos, Leyte September 16, 2005 27 27. SLSU Hinunangan, So. Leyte August 10, 2005 11 26. Capoocon, Leyte Date Conducted Number of Participants (DA technicians & farmers) Name of Municipality and Province

On- Farm Trials Conducted (2004 June – October 2004)
0.20 1 8. Babatngon Seed Farm 0.10 2 7. Brgy. Roxas II, Calbayog Western, Samar 0.05 1 6. Jaro, Leyte, OPA assisted 0.05 1 5. Maasin City –assisted by CASO Maasin, So. Leyte 0.70 3 4. Almeria-Biliran Province (RDI assisted) 0.09 2 3. Labrador-RDI assisted 1.10 2 2. Ormoc, City 0.15 3 1. Baybay Area (in ha.) Number of Trials Place/ Area/Province

On- Farm Trials Conducted
(1 st & 2 nd Croppings -2004 & 2005)

On-farm trials for the dry cropping season (2004 December –
April 2005)
3.00 1 9. Biliran Agricultural College (BAC), Biliran Province 0.25 2 8. Babatngon & San Jorge Seed Farms , Leyte and Samar 0.05 2 7. Brgy. Roxas II, Calbayog, Western, Samar 0.25 1 6. Jaro, Leyte 1.25 3 5. Maasin City – assisted by CASO Maasin, So. Leyte 2.50 7 4. Almeria & Cabugcayn, Biliran Province – RDI-assisted 1.00 3 3. Labrador - RDI assisted 1.25 2 2. Ormoc, City 5.50 15 1. Baybay, Leyte Area (in ha.) Number of Trials Place/ Area/Province

Three Farmers’
Field Days
Farmers’ Forum

Shared SRI results: 1st Nat’l SRI Symposium at Los Baños,
18 th FCSSP in Cagayan de Oro, Dissemination Symposium on
Community-Based Watershed Mgt. Support Project-LSU-CU
ALO/USAID, and 17 th Regional R & D Symposium
Distributed SRI reading materials
in English, Cebuano and Waray
dialect to various clients, including
SRI leaflet developed in Madagascar
(through CIIFAD-CU)

The System of Rice Intensification Results of SRI on- Farm Trial Table 1. Computed Average Yield (t/ha) of SRI on-farm trials and non-SRI during the wet cropping season, June 2004-Sept. 2004, and December 2004-May 2005, under different locations in Eastern Visayas 5.86 13.58 11.08 Bigante 4. Edilberto Magallano Marihilo,Maasin, Leyte 12.0 - 14.0 - 10.50 PSB- RC 18 NSIC 110 3. Panfilo Ochea Almeria, Biliran 9.17 6.25 7.60 M116 Bigante 2. Benecia Okan Ormoc City 8.61 10.70 7.7 PSB-RC 18 Mestizo 3 1. Angelina Cano Baybay, Leyte SRI (t/ha) SRI (t/ha) Non-SRI (t/ha) 2 nd Cropping** (Dec. 2004 – May 2005) 1 st Cropping* (July-October 2004) Variety Name of Farmer Cooperator & Location

The System of Rice Intensification Results of SRI on- Farm continuation….. * Wet Season ** Dry Season 8.32 or 189.12 cav/ha 9.35 or 212.5 cav/ha 7.84 or 178.21 cav/ha Average 9.0 8.30 7.60 Mestizo 116 Bigante 7 .Guadalupe Mesario Biasong, Baybay, Leyte 7.33 6.25 - 4.75 - RC-98 Mestizo 3 6. Juanito Poliquit Patag, Baybay, Leyte 6.62 6.37 5.66 PSB RC-80 5. Dario Pilapil Labrador, Ormoc City SRI (t/ha) SRI (t/ha) Non-SRI (t/ha) 2 nd Cropping** (Dec. 2004 – May 2005) 1 st Cropping* (July-October 2004) Variety Name of Farmer Cooperator & Location

The System of Rice Intensification Results of SRI on- Farm Trial Table 2. Computed Average Yield (t/ha) of SRI ‘spill-over adaptors’ during the dry cropping season, Dec.2004-May 2005, in Eastern Visayas 8.5 6.0 0.10 RC-82 4. Saturno Andrin Labrador, Ormoc City 6.44 2.64 0.38 Mestizo 3 3. Pancracio Petilos Biliran, Biliran 4.23 2.64 0.06 SL-8H 2. Policarpio Mabute Roxax V Quenco District, Calbayog City, Samar 9.0 5.72 0.20 Bigante 1. Ruperto Abreu Maganhan, Baybay, Leyte SRI Yield (t/ha) Previous Non-SRI Yield (t/ha) Area (ha) Variety Name of Farmer Co-operators and Location

The System of Rice Intensification Results of SRI on- Farm Trial continuation…. SRI Yield (t/ha) Previous Non-SRI Yield (t/ha) Area (ha) Variety Name of Farmer Co-operators and Location 5.54 3.08 1.0 Inbred 9. Teodoro Tecson Southern, Leyte 5.41 3.70 1.0 Inbred 8. Edna Paco San Juan, So. Leyte 5.28 3.08 1.0 Inbred 7. Isaias Mapute SanJuan, So. Leyte 5.78 3.60 1.0 Inbred 6. Carlito Mapute SanJuan, So. Leyte 5.28 3.08 1.0 Inbred 5. Bernie Kapote San Juan, So. Leyte

The System of Rice Intensification Results of SRI on- Farm Trial continuation…. SRI Yield (t/ha) Previous Non-SRI Yield (t/ha) Area (ha) Variety Name of Farmer Co-operators and Location 5.4 3.6 1 Hybrid 13. Terso Juntilla Libertad, Cabucgayan, 4.08 3.10 0.5 Mestizo 3 14. Hospicio Villocino Gakat, Baybay, Leyte 5.4 4.54 1 Hybrid 12. Gerry Lanate Cabucgayan, Biliran 6.38 2.93 0.15 Mestizo 11. Mario Sabando Patag, Baybay, Leyte 8.3 4.6 1 Bigante 10. Dominador Maoña Kananga, Leyte

The System of Rice Intensification Results of SRI on- Farm Trial continuation…. SRI Yield (t/ha) Previous Non-SRI Yield (t/ha) Area (ha) Variety Name of Farmer Co-operators and Location 3.52 2.50 .60 Mestizo 3 17. Enrique Alcober Gabas, Baybay, Leyte 6.33 3.30 3 PSB RC 18 18. Biliran Agricultural College, Biliran 4.16 3.10 0.75 Mestizo 3 16. Celso Galvez Maganhan, Baybay, Leyte 5.4 3.60 0.25 Mestizo 3 19. Terso Juntilla Cabucgayan, Bilian 5.15 3.5 0.3 Mestizo 3 15. Antonio Acuzar Maganhan, Baybay, Leyte

The System of Rice Intensification Results of SRI on-Farm Trial Table 3. Gross margin (Php/hectare) of selected farmer-cooperators by cropping season * Wet Season ** Dry Season 49, 040 32, 428 30, 918 4. Guadalupe Mesario Biasong, Baybay, Leyte 29, 491 800 (8, 300) 3. Juanito Poliquit Patag, Baybay, Leyte 44, 197 26, 491 31, 307 2. Benecia Okan Ormoc City 47, 115 49, 200 11,750 1. Angelina Cano Baybay, Leyte SRI SRI Non-SRI 2 nd Cropping** (Dec. 2004 – May 2005) 1 st Cropping* (July-October 2004) Name of Farmer Cooperator & Location

The System of Rice Intensification Lessons Learned in the conduct of SRI On-Farm Trials (Farmers’ Feedback)
During the pre-implementation stage, farmers thought:
SRI is “ kuti ” – which means work in transplanting young and small seedlings is tedious
Young seedlings (8-12 days old) planted can be eaten
easily by golden snails or kohol (during rainy season)
Uncertainty as to whether 1 seedling per hill is better than
planting in clumps (4-8 or more)
Unavailable sources of organic fertilizer/compost
and manure
Newly-planted seedlings near the dikes are attacked
by mole crickets

Positive feedback/comments
Less number of seeds needed per ha
Strong/sturdy seedlings
Plants are more robust with bigger leaves after 2-4
weeks after planting
30%-60 % savings on irrigation water
Rate of compost and inorganic fertilizer application
varied
More bigger tillers developed/produced
Longer panicles with bigger and more grains

Positive feedback/comments
Bigger plants with stronger stems and lodging-
resistant
Resistant to sheath blight
Higher grain yield –increased by 2 t/ha or more
Cooked rice from SRI tastes better
Environment-friendly methods compared to conventional rice culture

The System of Rice Intensification Summary and Conclusion
The first two batches of farmers who conducted SRI
on-farm trials in the different rice-growing areas in
Eastern Visayas during the June-October 2004 wet
season and Dec. 2004-May 2005 dry season
claimed to have increased their yield by as much as 2
tons hectare. In some cases, production was more
than twice their previous yield
The number of farmers who are now testing SRI has
increased more than triple the original number for
Dec.2004-May 2005 cropping season

Establishment of harmonious working relationships
among collaborative partners
Improvement of the research and extension capabilities
of the personnel and staff involved in the implementation
Created networking and advocacy among institutions
(NGA, NGO, GOs and POs, and other farmer groups)
with environmental concern as the central focus
Forged the value of cost-sharing among partners in
conducting field activities and other related concerns

Awakened interest among farming families, not only in the Visayas region but also nation-wide, in producing healthy food
Served as a showcase for a dynamic and sustainable
agriculture
Sped-up awareness and promotion of SRI along with
other sustainable farming practices
The Magsasaka at Siyentipiko Para sa Pag-unlad ng Agrikultura (MASIPAG) advocates in Region 8 started to promote the blending of MASIPAG-SRI rice culture

The System of Rice Intensification Implication and Recommendation
Ill effects of some expensive chemicals have prodded
farmers to adopt SRI into their own farms
Have forged a stronger and more meaningful impact
not only in the lives of farmer-cooperators, but also
among participating organizations throughout E.Visayas
It is therefore recommended that concerned government
and non-government agencies promulgate policies
towards institutionalizing SRI within the Department
of Agriculture.

The System of Rice Intensification Implication and Recommendation
Promotion and adoption of SRI can be facilitated
and enhanced through an aggressive program
of the national government in support
of the disadvantaged rice farmers of the country

The System of Rice Intensification Thank You!

0630 System of Rice Intensification (SRI) On–Farm Trials in Eastern Visayas

by SRI-Rice, CIIFAD, Cornell University

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