Presenter: S.V. Subbaiah, R.Mahender Kumar and J.S.Bentur Institution: Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad Subject Country: Hyderabad, India

2. S.V. Subbaiah, R.Mahender Kumar and J.S.Bentur DRR.HYDERABAD www.drricar.org DRR’S EXPERIENCE OF SRI METHOD OF RICE CULTIVATION IN INDIA

3. 361.1 439.2 548.2 646.3 1012.4 1200 1400 65.46 85.00 111.53 146.55 201.6 253 305 90 140 100 In Millions Population Food grain Rice Population, production of food grains and rice Trends and Projections Rice Food grains 0 400 800 1200 1600 1951-60 1961-70 1971-80 1981-90 1999-00 2009-10 2024-25 211.3 (2002) 93.3 (2002)

5. Why SRI Rice ?

6. The Annual per capita Availability of water 1951 : 5177 cubic meters 2001 : 1869 cubic meters 2025 : 1341 cubic meters per capita availability is ~ 1000 cubic meters: Health and Economic Activity of the Whole Country is affected 5.5 % of the geographical area and 7.6 % of the population are facing acute water shortage with less than 500 cubic meters.

9. So System of Rice Intensification (SRI ) evolved in 1980s’ in Madagascar by Fr. Henri de Laulanie permits resource limited farmers to realize high yield of paddy in fertile soils, with greatly reduced rates of irrigation water and without external inputs (Willem A. Stoop et al., 2002) SRI is a system/method rather than a technology

10. Principles underlying SRI practices Ø Rice is not an aquatic plant. Ø Rice seedlings lose much of their growth potential when transplanted beyond 15 days of age Ø Stresses from root damage during uprooting delay plant establishment and resumption of growth leading to lower no. of tillers and root development Ø Wider spacing of plants leads to greater root growth and accompanying tillering Ø Soil aeration and organic matter create beneficial conditions for plant root growth and for consequent plant vigor and health .

15. Swarna under SRI

16. Multi-location evaluation Kharif 2004 Four crop establishment methods were compared. S1 – Normal Transplanting (NT) S2 – System of rice intensification (SRI) S3 – Integrated crop management (ICM) S4 – Direct Seeding with drum seeder Three genotypes viz ., V1 - variety Krishnahamsa, V2 - rice hybrid KRH-2 and V3 - Local check Test sites : 21 Studies were conducted under identical nutrient management conditions across the treatments.

18. Average grain yield under different methods- kharif 2004 NT SRI ICM 1 2 3 4 5 6 Grain yield t/ha) Standard TP SRI ICM Methods of Crop establishment

19. Fig. 1 Grain yield under different methods of crop establishment – Kharif 2004 Location SRI<NT SRI=NT SRI>NT SRI>ICM>NT SRI=ICM

20. Multi-location evaluation Kharif 2005 Four crop establishment methods were compared. S1 – Standard transplanting S2 – System of rice intensification (SRI) S3 – Integrated crop management (ICM) S4 – Direct Seeding with drum seeder Only one local popular rice variety was used Test sites : 21 Studies were conducted under identical nutrient management conditions across the treatments.

22. Fig. 2 Grain yield under different methods of crop establishment – Kharif 2005 Location SRI>ICM>NT SRI=ICM SRI>NT SRI=NT SRI< NT

23. DRR station trial - Rabi 2003 Four crop establishment methods were compared. S1 – Normal Transplanting (NT) with 15 X 20 cm S2 – System of rice intensification (SRI) using 12 day old seedlings S3 – System of rice intensification (SRI) using 25 day old seedlings S4 – Normal Transplanting (NT) with 25 X 25 cm Seven genotypes viz ., Varieties- Jaya, Rasi, Krishnahamsa,Tulasi Hybrids - PHB- 71, KRH-2 Aromatic rice - Pusa basmati Studies were conducted under identical nutrient management conditions across the treatments.

24. Mean over genotypes SRI gave 16.6% higher grain yield over NT Hybrids recorded 46 – 48% higher yield under SRI Varieties recorded 5 – 17% higher yield under SRI Aromatic rice registered lower yield (35%) under SRI SRI with 25 day old seedlings not effective NT with wider spacing not effective Higher grain yield due to higher number of effective tillers per unit area and higher biomass SRI is cultivar sensitive method. Hybrids are more responsive to SRI DRR station trial - Rabi 2003 Results

25. Varieties as influenced by for SRI method

26. SRI modification on grain yield

27. DRR station trial – Kharif 2004-05 Four time of transplanting after uprooting were compared S1 – System of rice intensification (SRI) using 8 day old seedling transplanted immediately after uprooting S2 – System of rice intensification (SRI) using 8 day old seedling transplanted 12 hr after uprooting S3 - System of rice intensification (SRI) using 8 day old seedling transplanted 24 hr after uprooting S4 – System of rice intensification (SRI) using 8 day old seedling transplanted 48 hr after uprooting Two genotypes viz ., Studies were conducted under identical nutrient management conditions across the treatments.

28. SRI using 8-14 day old seedling transplanted immediately after uprooting proved better over other treatments Delay in transplanting gradually reduced grain yield DRR station trial – Kharif 2004-05 Results

29. CONCLUSIONS Based on data collected for two seasons, SRI appears to be more promising in terms of grain yield although gains observed were genotype and location specific. Further studies are required to confirm these results.

30. Research issues to be addressed in SRI: Preferred plant type characteristics for SRI have not been established in any systematic way. Delineation of area/zone for SRI adoption based on soil type. Quantification of water saving in SRI Role of soil microbial population in yield enhancment and sustainance

31. Most Popular Rice Varieties Pest & Disease Resistance DRR Ajaya BLB Vikramarya , Nidhi RTV Suraksha, Shaktiman Multiple pest resistance Sonasali , Chaitanya, Vajram, Jyoti, Gauri BPH Phalguna , Vikram, Triguna , Mahamaya, Kavya, Pavitra, Shakti Gall midge Varieties Pest

32. Thanking you Everything can stop but not Agriculture “ Pandit Nehru”