SQL Server On SANs

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    SQL Server On SANs - Presentation Transcript

    1. SQL Server onStorage Area Networks
    2. Brent Ozar
      SQL Server MVPfor Quest Software
      Managed SQL, VM, 80tb SAN for $7b co
      Published author
      Made lots of expensive mistakes
      www.BrentOzar.com
      @BrentO on Twitter
    3. BrentOzar.com/go/insidetheblackbox
    4. The Agenda
      Inside the SAN
      DBA Pros & Cons
      Starting From The Beginning
      How to Use SQLIO
      Multipathing
    5. In The Beginning…
    6. Next: External Storage
    7. Storage Area Networks
      Independent
      Expandable
      Well-Protected
      Blazing Fast
      Complex
      Expensive
    8. Photo Licensed with Creative Commons from http://www.flickr.com/photos/tophost/2247031208/
    9. Photo Licensed with Creative Commons from http://www.flickr.com/photos/tophost/2246209421/
    10. Photo Source http://www.flickr.com/photos/tophost/2246209421/
    11. SAN Components
      Drive enclosures
      Controllers (& Cache)
      Switch networks
      Host Bus Adapters
      HBA Drivers
      Servers
    12. Drive Allocation Methods
    13. Good Things
      Clustering
      Table partitioning
      Faster builds
      Easier growth
      Caching speed
      PhotoSource http://www.flickr.com/photos/pcka/3240903696/
    14. Not-So-Good Things
      Black box
      Cachingmay not help
      Compatibility lists
      More drivers
      Tough to grow
      SAN adminsmay not help
      Photo Source http://www.flickr.com/photos/stewf/95709873/
    15. “How many gigs do you need?”
    16. “We’ll keep an eye on it for ya.”
      Perfmon changes
      Neighbors change
      SAN changes
      SAN monitoring software is tough
      Photo Source http://www.flickr.com/photos/mrjoro/39470992/
    17. What’s Your Bottleneck?
      Not Enough Drives
      Drives Too Slow
      Shared Drives
      RAID Level
      SAN Controllers
      Partition Alignment
      Drivers
      Multipathing
    18. Things to Monitor
      Hard drives
      Controllers (CPU, caching)
      Controller connectivity to the network
      Network switch throughput
      Server connectivity to the SAN (the HBA)
      Server drivers
    19. The X Factor: Redundancy
      Hard drives – hundreds
      Controllers – 2+
      Controller connectivity to network – 4+
      Network – separate networks, switches
      Server connectivity to SAN – 2+
      Network fabrics – iSCSI, Fiber, WAN
    20. SAN Monitoring
      Strict HCLs, SCLs
      Cross-platformmeans JAVA
      No “full” picture
      Very, very, veryexpensive
      Photo Source: http://flickr.com/photos/earthandeden/865393933/
    21. Unpredictable, Unexplainable
    22. Start From The Beginning
      Get block sizes right
      Align partitions
      Design for pathing
      Test with SQLIO
      Install SQL Server
      Monitor sec/read, write
      Save history
    23. Simple SAN Pathing
    24. Simple SAN Pathing
    25. Simple SAN Pathing
    26. Simple SAN Pathing
    27. SIMPLE?!?1#%&@!?
    28. Photo Licensed with Creative Commons from http://www.flickr.com/photos/creatista/204265480/
    29. Goals of Multipathing
      Protection
      Performance
    30. Active/Active Can Mean
    31. Active/Active Gotchas
      One path per LUN/volume
      Sending vs receiving
      Post-failover stickiness
      Network design
    32. Network Bottleneck Example
    33. Pathing Really Matters Now
    34. Photo Licensed with Creative Commons from http://www.flickr.com/photos/thatguyfromcchs08/2300190277/
    35. Photo Licensed with Creative Commons from http://www.flickr.com/photos/atomdocs/3127663764/
      Why Can’t We Go Faster?
    36. How to Run SQLIO
      sqlio -kW -t2 -s120 -dM -o1 -frandom -b64 -BH -LS Testfile.dat
    37. Write This Down. It’s Important.
      sqlio -kW -t2 -s120 -dM -o1 -frandom -b64 -BH -LS Testfile.dat
      sqlio -kW -t2 -s120 -dM -o2 -frandom -b64 -BH -LS Testfile.dat
      sqlio -kW -t2 -s120 -dM -o4 -frandom -b64 -BH -LS Testfile.dat
      sqlio -kW -t2 -s120 -dM -o8 -frandom -b64 -BH -LS Testfile.dat
      sqlio -kW -t2 -s120 -dM -o16 -frandom -b64 -BH -LS Testfile.dat
      sqlio -kW -t2 -s120 -dM -o32 -frandom -b64 -BH -LS Testfile.dat
      sqlio -kW -t2 -s120 -dM -o64 -frandom -b64 -BH -LS Testfile.dat
      sqlio -kW -t2 -s120 -dM -o128 -frandom -b64 -BH -LS Testfile.dat
      sqlio -kW -t4 -s120 -dM -o1 -frandom -b64 -BH -LS Testfile.dat
      sqlio -kW -t4 -s120 -dM -o2 -frandom -b64 -BH -LS Testfile.dat
      sqlio -kW -t4 -s120 -dM -o4 -frandom -b64 -BH -LS Testfile.dat
      sqlio -kW -t4 -s120 -dM -o8 -frandom -b64 -BH -LS Testfile.dat
    38. We Did the Hard Work
    39. The Output
      E:Program Files (x86)SQLIO>sqlio -kW -t2 -s120 -dM -o1 -frandom -b64 -BH -LS Testfile.dat
      sqlio v1.5.SG
      using system counter for latency timings, -1361967296 counts per second
      2 threads writing for 120 secs to file M:Testfile.dat
      using 64KB random IOs
      enabling multiple I/Os per thread with 1 outstanding
      buffering set to use hardware disk cache (but not file cache)
      using current size: 24576 MB for file: M:Testfile.dat
      initialization done
      CUMULATIVE DATA:
      throughput metrics:
      IOs/sec: 1539.50
      MBs/sec: 96.21
      latency metrics:
      Min_Latency(ms): 0
      Avg_Latency(ms): 0
      Max_Latency(ms): 572
      histogram:
      ms: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24+
      %: 66 32 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    40. Common Bottlenecks
      1 gig = ~125 MB/sec
      2 gig = ~250 MB/sec
      4 gig = ~500 MB/sec
      10 gig = ~1250 MB/sec
    41. Working Around It
      Data/logs/tempdbon different volumes
      Separategroups of DBs
      Separate DBinto filegroups
      TempDB, backups
      Photo Source http://www.flickr.com/photos/doodlemonger/2667917978/
    42. Wrapping It Up
      Test before deployment
      Learn multipathing
      Design DB files around SAN limits
      Monitor forever
      Get vendor help
      Photo Source http://www.flickr.com/photos/doodlemonger/2667917978/
    43. Advanced Topics
      Table partitioning
      Filegroups & files
      Snapshot backups
      Storage virtualization
      Storage VMotion
      SAN administration
      Photo Source http://www.flickr.com/photos/thomasthomas/504369245/
    44. BrentOzar.com/go/insidetheblackbox
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