6. Sample phrase-structure grammar S NP VP NP (DET) N NP NP PP VP V VP VP PP VP V NP P P NP DET the, a N dogs, boys N rabbit N Dori N dinner N porch V barked V chased V devoured V put P in, on, to
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10. Parts of speech are defined by: 2. Morphology cutting cuts cut cut cut meeting meets met met meet going goes went gone go proving proves proved proven prove mowing mows mowed mown mow Gerund Present Past Participle Base
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13. Syntax Semantics S NP VP NP (DET) N NP NP PP VP V VP VP PP VP V NP P P NP DET the, a N dogs, boys N rabbit N Dori N dinner N porch V barked V chased V devoured V put P in, on, to
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21. Connecting PS and V frames S NP VP V put [ ___ NP PP] the That boys PP P NP on the porch NP dinner The frame puts selectional restrictions on where a particular verb can appear.
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23. Embedded Clauses We think that they have left. COMP NP VP S V S NP VP S Embedded Clause Main Clause think , V s , [ ___ S ]
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28. Transformational Grammar and Movement Rules S NP VP The kids V NP ate the chocolate Deep Structure S NP VP The chocolate V PP was eaten by the kids Surface Structure Meaning preserving tree-to-tree mapping
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34. Sam climbed up the ladder. Sam picked up the ladder. N V P Det N N V P Det N NP NP NP VP S V S Tree 1 Tree 2 NP VP PP
