It's not rocket surgery - Linked In: ALA 2011

It’s Not Rocket-Surgery A brief introduction to linked library data Ross Singerross.singer@talis.com

What is Linked Data?

Tim Berners-Leehttp://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/card#i http://viaf.org/viaf/85312226/ LCCN: no 99010609

Four Rules • Use URIs as names for things • Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names. • When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using the standards (RDF, SPARQL) • Include links to other URIs. so that they can discover more things. http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html

http://semantic.ckan.net/group/?group=http://ckan.net/group/lld

What is RDF?

RDF is a data model not a serialization

Triple

Triple• Subject (the referent)• Predicate (a property)• Object (the value)

Triple• Subject (URI)• Predicate (URI)• Object (URI or Literal)

“Entity-Attribute-Value”

URIs• Unambiguous Identiﬁers • If two resources have the same URI, they must be referring to the same thing• Dereferenceable • “Follow your nose”

Graphs

Graph• The collection of statements (triples)• Shows the connections between things• We understand the connections, because the predicates have unambiguous meaning• Follow your nose and expand the graph

Schemas/Vocabularies• No real similarity to XML Schema • Common source of confusion (e.g. Dublin Core)• No “validation”, per se • constraints only apply for properties and classes, not resources • Unless the statements contradict each other• Mix and match vocabularies to ﬁll out the description across domains

• Dublin Core• Bibliontology• FOAF• SKOS• Good Relations• Music Ontology, etc.

Open worldassumption

Open World Assumption• Cannot assume that any source has all of the facts about a resource• Reuse of identiﬁers allows the augmentation of datasets• There is no “document”, because it’s always a work in progress

Why bother?

http://www.oclc.org/worldcat/grow/default.aspx

http://inkdroid.org:3000/

http://musicbrainz.org/statistics

http://openlibrary.org/recentchanges#all

http://www.citeulike.org/home

http://www.mendeley.com/research/13000year-paleolimnological-record-uinta-mountains-utah-inferred-diatoms-lossonignition-analysis/

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0100519/

http://www.freebase.com/view/en/greece

http://www.geonames.org/4655156/saint-elmo.html

Too much to go it alone

Disclaimers• There are currently no standards in actual use• This is not an attempt to “catalog”, merely to model existing data • And a sketchy one at that• No desire to roundtrip, etc.• Just make something that links our data and allows it to be consumed by others

Exhibit A

Step 1Identify the discrete resources

Let’s assume this is the “referent”

Identities

Subjects/Concepts

Places

Series

“FRBR”

But let’s ignore most of that for now

<http://lib.example.org/collection/13889626>

Bibliontology (BIBO) http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/

@preﬁx rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .@preﬁx bibo: <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> .<http://lib.example.org/collection/13889626> a bibo:Book .

@preﬁx rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .@preﬁx bibo: <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> .<http://lib.example.org/collection/13889626> a bibo:Book ; bibo:lccn “2005006249” ; bibo:isbn10 “1403469393”, “1403469466” .

Dublin Corehttp://purl.org/dc/terms/

@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .@prefix bibo: <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> .@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .<http://lib.example.org/collection/13889626> a bibo:Book ; bibo:lccn “2005006249” ; bibo:isbn10 “1403469393”, “1403469466” ; dcterms:title “Buzz Aldrin” ; dcterms:dateCopyrighted “2006” .

So far, just literals

@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .@prefix bibo: <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> .@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .<http://lib.example.org/collection/13889626> a bibo:Book ; bibo:lccn “2005006249” ; bibo:isbn10 “1403469393” , “1403469466” ; dcterms:title “Buzz Aldrin” ; dcterms:dateCopyrighted “2006” ; dcterms:creator <http://viaf.org/viaf/164665342> .

@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .@prefix rdaGr2: <http://RDVocab.info/ElementsGr2/> .@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .@prefix rdaEnt: <http://RDVocab.info/uri/schema/FRBRentitiesRDA/>.<http://viaf.org/viaf/164665342> rdaGr2:dateOfBirth "1949-01-15" ; a rdaEnt:Person, foaf:Person ; owl:sameAs <http://d-nb.info/gnd/12626242X> ; foaf:name "Raum, Betty", "Raum, Elizabeth", "Raum, Elizabeth A.(1949- ).", "Raum, Elizabeth." .

VIAF• SRU interface• LCCNs in VIAF record

@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .@prefix bibo: <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> .@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .<http://lib.example.org/collection/13889626> a bibo:Book ; bibo:lccn “2005006249” ; bibo:isbn10 “1403469393” , “1403469466” ; dcterms:title “Buzz Aldrin” ; dcterms:dateCopyrighted “2006” ; dcterms:creator <http://viaf.org/viaf/164665342> ; dcterms:subject <http://viaf.org/viaf/110368892>, <http:// id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2007100949#concept>, <http:// id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2008112104#concept>, <http://viaf.org/ viaf/158349825> .

@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .@prefix rdaGr2: <http://RDVocab.info/ElementsGr2/> .@prefix rdaEnt: <http://RDVocab.info/uri/schema/FRBRentitiesRDA/>.<http://viaf.org/viaf/110368892> rdaGr2:dateOfBirth "1930" ; a rdaEnt:Person, foaf:Person ; owl:sameAs <http://d-nb.info/gnd/107714566>, <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Buzz_Aldrin> ; foaf:name "Aldrin, Buzz", "Aldrin, Buzz 1930-....", "Aldrin, Buzz,1930-", "Aldrin, Edwin E.", "Aldrin, Edwin E., 1930-", "Aldrin, EdwinEugen, 1930-", "Aldrin, Edwin Eugene 1930-", "Aldrin, Edwin Eugene1930-....", "Aldrin, Edwin Eugene junior 1930-" .

@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .<http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2007100949#concept> dcterms:created "2007-09-26T00:00:00-04:00"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime> ; dcterms:modified "2007-10-26T07:54:12-04:00"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime> ; dcterms:source "Work cat.: Eileen Collins, c2006"@en ; a skos:Concept ; owl:sameAs <info:lc/authorities/sh2007100949> ; skos:inScheme <http://id.loc.gov/authorities#conceptScheme>,<http://id.loc.gov/authorities#topicalTerms> ; skos:prefLabel "Astronauts--United States--Biography--Juvenileliterature"@en .

@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .<http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2008112104#concept> dcterms:created "2008-03-11T00:00:00-04:00"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime> ; dcterms:modified "2008-03-12T08:08:09-04:00"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime> ; dcterms:source "Work cat.: How to build a rocket, 2001"@en ; a skos:Concept ; owl:sameAs <info:lc/authorities/sh2008112104> ; skos:inScheme <http://id.loc.gov/authorities#conceptScheme>,<http://id.loc.gov/authorities#topicalTerms> ; skos:prefLabel "Space flight to the moon--Juvenile literature"@en .

id.loc.gov• Label lookup service • http://id.loc.gov/authorities/label/ Astronauts--United%20States-- Biography--Juvenile%20Literature redirects to http://id.loc.gov/authorities/ sh2007100949#concept• Full data dumps available

@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .@prefix rdaEnt: <http://RDVocab.info/uri/schema/FRBRentitiesRDA/>.<http://viaf.org/viaf/158349825> a rdaEnt:CorporateBody, foaf:Organization ; foaf:name "Apollo Project (Spojené státy americké)", "ApolloProject (U.S.)", "Progetto Apollo (U.S.)", "Project Apollo", "ProjectApollo (Spojené státy americké)", "Project Apollo (U.S.)", "Spojenéstáty americké. Project Apollo", "United States. Project Apollo" .

Sidenote:Concepts vs. Resources

RDA Elementshttp://RDVocab.info/Elements/

@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .@prefix bibo: <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> .@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .@prefix rda: <http://RDVocab.info/Elements/> .<http://lib.example.org/collection/13889626> a bibo:Book ; bibo:lccn “2005006249” ; bibo:isbn10 “1403469393” , “1403469466” ; dcterms:title “Buzz Aldrin” ; dcterms:dateCopyrighted “2006” ; dcterms:creator <http://viaf.org/viaf/164665342> ; dcterms:subject <http://viaf.org/viaf/110368892>, <http:// id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2007100949#concept>, <http:// id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2008112104#concept>, <http://viaf.org/ viaf/158349825> ; rda:placeOfPublication <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/ countries/ilu#location>, “Chicago, Ill.” .

@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .<http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/countries/ilu#location> dcterms:isPartOf <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/countries/regions/2#location> ; a <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#SpatialThing> ; owl:sameAs <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/gacs/n-us-il#location>, <http://sws.geonames.org/4896861/>, <info:lc/vocabulary/countries/ilu> ; skos:notation "ilu" ; skos:prefLabel "Illinois"@en .

@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .@prefix cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#> .@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .@prefix gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#> .@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .@prefix wgs84_pos: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#> .<http://sws.geonames.org/4896861/> gn:alternateName "Estado de Illinois"@es, "State of Illinois"@en, "Иллинойс"@ru ; gn:childrenFeatures <http://sws.geonames.org/4896861/contains.rdf> ; gn:countryCode "US" ; gn:featureClass gn:A ; gn:featureCode <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#A.ADM1> ; gn:locationMap <http://www.geonames.org/4896861/illinois.html> ; gn:name "Illinois" ; gn:officialName "Illinois", "Illinois"@en, "Illinois"@es ; gn:parentADM1 <http://sws.geonames.org/4896861/> ; gn:parentCountry <http://sws.geonames.org/6252001/> ; gn:parentFeature <http://sws.geonames.org/6252001/> ; gn:population "12772888" ; a gn:Feature ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://sws.geonames.org/4896861/about.rdf" ; wgs84_pos:alt "191" ; wgs84_pos:lat "40.00032" ; wgs84_pos:long "-89.25037" .

Linked MARC Codes• URIs are based on the code, so no lookups are necessary• GACs, Countries, Languages, Musical Genres, Instrument & Voices, Audience, Frequency, and Form of Item• “Ofﬁcial” resources available at id.loc.gov for Languages, GACs and Countries • as SKOS:Concepts

RDA Elements• Useful for properties that are speciﬁc to library data (statementOfResponsibility, etc.)• Metric crap-tonne of properties • 459, to be exact • very few deﬁned domains or ranges • lots of duplication from other vocabs (NIH)

<http://lib.example.org/collection/13889626> a bibo:Book ; bibo:lccn “2005006249” ; bibo:isbn10 “1403469393” , “1403469466” ; dcterms:title “Buzz Aldrin” ; dcterms:dateCopyrighted “2006” ; dcterms:creator <http://viaf.org/viaf/164665342> ; dcterms:subject <http://viaf.org/viaf/110368892>, <http:// id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2007100949#concept>, <http:// id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2008112104#concept>, <http://viaf.org/ viaf/158349825> ; rda:placeOfPublication <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/ countries/ilu#location>, “Chicago, Ill.” ; dcterms:language <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/languages/ eng#language> .

@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .@prefix umbel: <http://umbel.org/umbel#> .@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .<http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/languages/eng#lang> umbel:isAbout <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85043413#concept> ; a <http://www.lingvoj.org/ontology#Lingvo> ; owl:sameAs <http://lexvo.org/id/iso639-3/eng>, <http://www.lingvoj.org/lang/en>, <info:lc/vocabulary/languages/eng> ; skos:notation "eng" ; skos:prefLabel "English"@en .

OWLhttp://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#

owl:sameAsThe nuclear option of the semantic web

owl:sameAs (taken literally)• Infers that the subject and the object are exactly the same thing• All properties and values appearing on one resource automatically apply to the other

@preﬁx owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .<http://lib.example.org/collection/13889626> a bibo:Book ; bibo:lccn “2005006249” ; bibo:isbn10 “1403469393” , “1403469466” ; dcterms:title “Buzz Aldrin” ; dcterms:dateCopyrighted “2006” ; dcterms:creator <http://viaf.org/viaf/164665342> ; dcterms:subject <http://viaf.org/viaf/110368892>, <http://id.loc.gov/ authorities/sh2007100949#concept>, <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/ sh2008112104#concept>, <http://viaf.org/viaf/158349825> ; rda:placeOfPublication <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/countries/ ilu#location>, “Chicago, Ill.” ; dcterms:language <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/languages/ eng#language> ; owl:sameAs <http://openlibrary.org/books/OL3394932M>, <http:// purl.org/NET/lccn/2005006249#i> .

<http://openlibrary.org/books/OL3394932M> rdvocab:note "Includes bibliographical references and index." ; rdvocab:placeOfPublication "Chicago, Ill" ; dc:subject "Aldrin, Buzz -- Juvenile literature.", "Astronauts -- United States -- Biography -- Juvenileliterature.", "Project Apollo (U.S.) -- Juvenile literature.", "Space flight to the moon -- Juvenileliterature." ; dcterms:extent "p. cm." ; dcterms:identifier "/books/OL3394932M" ; dcterms:issued "2005" ; dcterms:language "eng" ; dcterms:modified "2010-08-10 08:10:33.620330" ; dcterms:publisher "Heinemann Library" ; dcterms:subject [ dcam:memberOf dcterms:DDC ; rdf:value "629.45/0092" ], [ dcam:memberOf dcterms:DDC ; rdf:value "B" ], [ dcam:memberOf dcterms:LCC ; rdf:value "TL789.85.A4 R38 2005" ]; dcterms:title "Buzz Aldrin" ; bibo:authorList (<http://openlibrary.org/authors/OL1425365A> ); bibo:isbn10 "1403469393", "1403469466" ; bibo:lccn "2005006249" .

<http://openlibrary.org/books/OL3394932M> j.4:note "Includes bibliographical references and index." ; j.4:placeOfPublication <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/ilu#location>, "Chicago, Ill" ; j.4:statementOfResponsibility "Elizabeth Raum." ; j.4:titleProper "Buzz Aldrin" ; j.0:commonManifestation <http://openlibrary.org/works/OL5817590W> ; dc:publisher "Heinemann Library" ; dc:subject "Aldrin, Buzz -- Juvenile literature.", "Astronauts -- United States -- Biography -- Juvenile literature.","Project Apollo (U.S.) -- Juvenile literature.", "Space ﬂight to the moon -- Juvenile literature." ; j.3:creator <http://openlibrary.org/authors/OL1425365A> ; j.3:extent "p. cm." ; j.3:isVersionOf <http://openlibrary.org/works/OL5817590W> ; j.3:issued "2005" ; j.3:language <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/languages/eng#lang> ; j.3:subject <http://api.talis.com/stores/openlibrary/items/ddc/629450092#class>, <http://api.talis.com/stores/openlibrary/items/ddc/b#class>, <http://api.talis.com/stores/openlibrary/items/lcc/tl78985a4_r38_2005#class> ; j.3:title "Buzz Aldrin" ; j.3:type "Biography", "Juvenile literature" ; j.1:isbn10 "1403469393", "1403469466" ; j.1:isbn13 "9781403469397", "9781403469465" ; j.1:lccn "2005006249" ; j.1:uri <http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip059/2005006249.html> ; a <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Book> ; owl:sameAs <http://purl.org/NET/book/isbn/1403469393#book>, <http://purl.org/NET/book/isbn/1403469466#book>, <http://purl.org/NET/lccn/2005006249#i>, <http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bookmashup/books/1403469393>, <http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bookmashup/books/1403469466> ; j.2:depiction <http://covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/1742444-L.jpg>, <http://covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/1742444-M.jpg>, <http://covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/1742444-S.jpg>, <http://covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/1742450-L.jpg>,<http://covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/1742450-M.jpg>, <http://covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/1742450-S.jpg> .

Entailed Work/Set Groupings

Access to cover images

Implied FRBRhttp://open.vocab.org/terms/commonManifestation http://open.vocab.org/terms/commonExpression http://open.vocab.org/terms/commonWork

<http://lib.example.org/collection/13889626> a bibo:Book ; bibo:lccn “2005006249” ; bibo:isbn10 “1403469393” , “1403469466” ; dcterms:title “Buzz Aldrin” ; dcterms:dateCopyrighted “2006” ; dcterms:creator <http://viaf.org/viaf/164665342> ; dcterms:subject <http://viaf.org/viaf/110368892>, <http://id.loc.gov/ authorities/sh2007100949#concept>, <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/ sh2008112104#concept>, <http://viaf.org/viaf/158349825> ; rda:placeOfPublication <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/countries/ ilu#location>, “Chicago, Ill.” ; dcterms:language <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/languages/ eng#language> ; owl:sameAs <http://openlibrary.org/books/OL3394932M>, <http:// purl.org/NET/lccn/2005006249#i> ; rda:coverageOfTheContent <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/gacs/ n-us#location>, <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/gacs/zmo> .

@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .@prefix bibo: <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> .@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .<http://lib.example.org/collection/13889626> dcterms:isPartOf <http://lib.example.org/collection/ series/American-lives> .<http://lib.example.org/collection/series/American-lives> a bibo:Series ; dcterms:title “American lives” ; dcterms:hasPart <http://lib.example.org/collection/ 13889626> .

It looks different than we’re used to

But it’s not rocket surgery.

Thanks! Ross Singerross.singer@talis.com

It's not rocket surgery - Linked In: ALA 2011

by Ross Singer on Jun 25, 2011

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