15.05.2009
Nuclear Power
Romeo Shuka
1

LOGO
Content
The discovery of nuclear reactions need not bring about
the destruction of mankind any more than the discovery of matches
What is Nuclear Power?
History
The Reactor
Nuclear Stations
Benefits & Disadvantage
2

LOGO
What is nuclear power?
 Nuclear power is any nuclear
technology designed to extract usable
energy from atomic nuclei via
controlled nuclear
 The process of generation nuclear power starts with the
mining and processing of uranium and other radioactive
elements. These elements are used to feed the reactor
of a nuclear power plant, generating a reaction known
as fission which creates intense heat, turning water in
the plant into steam. The steam powers steam turbines,
which generate electricity and feed the electricity into
the electrical grid.
3

LOGO
Fossil fuels
Uranium Plutonium
235 239
Basic
fossil
fuels
4

LOGO
Uranium
Name, symbol, number Uranium, U, 92
Element category actinide
Phase solid
Density 19.1 g / cm 3
Melting point 1132,3 oC
Boiling point 4131 oC
5

LOGO
Plutonium
Name, symbol, number Plutonium, Pu, 94
Element category actinide
Phase solid
Density 19.816 g / cm 3
Melting point 639,4 oC
Boiling point 3228 oC
6

LOGO
History
Origins
Nuclear fission was first experimentally achieved by Enrico Fermi
in 1934 when his team bombarded uranium with neutrons.
Early years
On June 27, 1954, the USSR's Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant
became the world's first nuclear power plant to generate
electricity for a power grid.
Developement
Installed nuclear capacity initially rose relatively quickly, rising
from less than 1 gigawatt (GW) in 1960 to 100 GW in the late
1970s, and 300 GW in the late 1980s.
7

LOGO
Nuclear power capacity
Capacity in GW
Year 1980
130
Year 1990 310
Years 2000
350
Year 2010
380
8

LOGO
Number of power reactors
2005
1995
420
1980 410 1. Pressurized Water Reactor - 265
US, France, Japan, Russia, China
250 2. Boiling Water Reactor - 94
1960 Us, Japan, Sweden
20
Power reactors
9

LOGO
Pressurized Water Reactor
PWRs keep water under
pressure so that it
heats, but does not boil.
Water from the reactor
and the water in the
steam generator that is
turned into steam never
mix. In this way, most of
the radioactivity stays in
the reactor area.
10

LOGO
Pressurized Water Reactor
11

LOGO
Boiling Water Reactor
BWRs actually boil the
water. In both types,
water is converted to
steam, and then
recycled back into water
by a part called the
condenser, to be used
again in the heat
process..
12

LOGO
Boiling Water Reactor
13

LOGO
Nuclear Power Stations
There are 17 Nuclear Power Stations in Germany
Companys: E-On , RWE, EnBW
in MW
1475 1480
A. Isar 2 1986 - 2021
840
B. Brokdorf 1988 - 2020
806
C. Neckarwestheim 1976 - 2010
D. Brunsbüttel 1977 - 2011
A B C D
14

LOGO
Nuclear Stations Worldwide
Op.104 Op. 59 Op. 55
off 29 off 11 off 3
15

LOGO
Nuclear Station Unteweser
16

LOGO
Nuclear Station Unteweser
100 security guards
 1 reactor (1410 MW)  270 employers
Data Reactor Power People
 Country: Germany  2008 – 9.786 GW h
 Operator: E.ON  Net generation: 284.290 GW h
 Build: July 1, 1972
 Commercial operation: Sep. 29, 1978
17

LOGO
The reactor
18

LOGO
The turbine
19

LOGO
Benefits & Disadvantage
• Greenhouse Emissions • Radiation
1. • don’t release CO2 1. • human health
• Price • Reactor accidents
2. • cheap to produce 2.
• prices are stable
• Uranium is plentiful • Radioactive waste
3. • U-235 3. • isolation
• U-238
• Nuclear energy is safe
4. • 1 or 2 death per year
• Efficacy 99%
5. • alternative 10-20%
• The future
6. • new technology, safer and cheaper
20

LOGO
21