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Reading Horizons presents:

     Dyslexia:
 From Symptoms to
     Solutions
“Dyslexia is not a disease to have
  and to be cured of, but a way of
 thinking and learning. Often it’s a
gifted mind waiting to be found and
               taught.”
     -Girard Sagmiller, “Dyslexia My Life”
Dyslexia: From Symptoms to Solutions
What is dyslexia?
  Dyslexia: A significant reading
   disability in people with normal
   intelligence.
  There is now definite proof that
   dyslexia is a very real neurological
   disorder.
Dyslexia

     Yale Study
           with

 Magnetic Resonance
    Imaging (MRI)
  61 Students: 29 Dyslexic
Primary visual
                                  cortex

   Inferior
    frontal
     gyrus         Visual
                 perception

                              Angural
                               gyrus

              Superior
              temporal
Unimpaired      gyrus
 Student
Inferior
    frontal
     gyrus      Visual
              perception




Dyslexic       (Attempts to convert
                visual information
Student            into sounds)
Research Shows:

    Dyslexic students “can learn
    these relationships with intensive
    phonics training. . . After more
    than a century of frustration, it
    has now been shown that the
    brain can be rewired.”
                         Dr. Sally Shaywitz
Overcoming Dyslexia
by Dr. Sally Shaywitz




           Knopf Publishing, New York (2003)
                  ISBN: 0-375-40012-5
Word Processing and Storage
• Word Form Storage: phonological (sound),
  orthographical (symbol), morphological
  (roots and affixes, parts of speech)
• Phonological Loop: time-sensitive
  coordination of phonological codes (eye to
  Mouth to ear)
• Orthographic Loop: time-sensitive
  coordination of orthographic codes (ear to
  HAND to eye)
Symptoms of Dyslexia
•   Difficulty linking letters with sounds
•   Difficulty with multi-syllable words
•   Fluency and rhythm of reading
•   Poor spelling
•   Poor handwriting
•   Difficulties learning a foreign language
•   In emotional pain
Dyslexia’s effects on reading
•   Trouble reading unfamiliar words
•   Omitting parts of words when reading
•   Fear of reading out loud
•   Reading is slow and tiring
•   A reliance on context to discern meaning
•   Oral reading is choppy and labored
•   Avoidance of reading for pleasure
Key to success…




• Avoid as much frustration as possible
Working Memory

 Working memory, or executive function, helps a student
  do several things:

 – Filter inputs so they know what information to pay attention to,
 – Prioritize inputs so they know what information is most
   important,
 – Categorize inputs so they know what types of information they
   are working with, and
 – Connect inputs to previous knowledge so they know how new
   information relates to what they already know.
Solutions
• Teach Orton-Gillingham Principles
  – Multi-sensory
  – Systematic
  – Logical sequence
  – Oral language
  – Written language
Solutions
“Systematic phonics instruction has been used
  widely over a long period of time with positive
  results, and a variety of systematic phonics
  programs have proven effective with children of
  different ages, abilities, and socio-economic
  backgrounds. These facts and finding provide
  converging evidence that explicit, systemic
  phonics instruction is a valuable and essential
  part of successful reading program.”

~ National Reading Panel Report
Types of assessments
http://athome.readinghorizons.com/assessments/index.aspx



•   Word Recognition
•   Phonemic Awareness
•   Most Common Word
•   Word Segmentation
Should I get my child tested?

  Pros                   Cons

  •Diagnosis provides    •Fear of “label”
  help by law            •Expensive
  •Understand solution   •Where to get a
                         test?
Appropriate Reading Rates
Reading fluency, as defined by Dr. Neil
 Anderson, is "reading at an appropriate
 rate with adequate comprehension"
 (Anderson, 2008, p. 3).

What is an “appropriate rate?”
Silent Reading Rates                Oral Reading Rates
   1st grade: 80 wpm                   1st grade: 53 wpm
   2nd grade: 115 wpm                  2nd grade: 89 wpm
   3rd grade: 138 wpm                  3rd grade: 107 wpm
   4th grade: 158 wpm                  4th grade: 123 wpm
   5th grade: 173 wpm                  5th grade: 139 wpm
   6th grade: 185 wpm                  6th grade: 150 wpm
   7th grade: 195 wpm                  7th grade: 150 wpm
   8th grade: 204 wpm                  8th grade: 151 wpm
   9th grade: 214 wpm
   10th grade: 224 wpm
   11th grade: 237 wpm
   12th grade: 250 wpm
   College or University: 280 wpm
Access Your Free E-Book




http://readinghorizons.com/resources
/disabilites.pdf
Please visit:
      www.ReadingHorizons.com


  Shantell@ReadingHorizons.com
    Erika@ReadingHorizons.com

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Dyslexia: From Symptoms to Solutions

  • 1. Reading Horizons presents: Dyslexia: From Symptoms to Solutions
  • 2. “Dyslexia is not a disease to have and to be cured of, but a way of thinking and learning. Often it’s a gifted mind waiting to be found and taught.” -Girard Sagmiller, “Dyslexia My Life”
  • 4. What is dyslexia? Dyslexia: A significant reading disability in people with normal intelligence. There is now definite proof that dyslexia is a very real neurological disorder.
  • 5. Dyslexia Yale Study with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 61 Students: 29 Dyslexic
  • 6. Primary visual cortex Inferior frontal gyrus Visual perception Angural gyrus Superior temporal Unimpaired gyrus Student
  • 7. Inferior frontal gyrus Visual perception Dyslexic (Attempts to convert visual information Student into sounds)
  • 8. Research Shows: Dyslexic students “can learn these relationships with intensive phonics training. . . After more than a century of frustration, it has now been shown that the brain can be rewired.” Dr. Sally Shaywitz
  • 9. Overcoming Dyslexia by Dr. Sally Shaywitz Knopf Publishing, New York (2003) ISBN: 0-375-40012-5
  • 10. Word Processing and Storage • Word Form Storage: phonological (sound), orthographical (symbol), morphological (roots and affixes, parts of speech) • Phonological Loop: time-sensitive coordination of phonological codes (eye to Mouth to ear) • Orthographic Loop: time-sensitive coordination of orthographic codes (ear to HAND to eye)
  • 11. Symptoms of Dyslexia • Difficulty linking letters with sounds • Difficulty with multi-syllable words • Fluency and rhythm of reading • Poor spelling • Poor handwriting • Difficulties learning a foreign language • In emotional pain
  • 12. Dyslexia’s effects on reading • Trouble reading unfamiliar words • Omitting parts of words when reading • Fear of reading out loud • Reading is slow and tiring • A reliance on context to discern meaning • Oral reading is choppy and labored • Avoidance of reading for pleasure
  • 13. Key to success… • Avoid as much frustration as possible
  • 14. Working Memory Working memory, or executive function, helps a student do several things: – Filter inputs so they know what information to pay attention to, – Prioritize inputs so they know what information is most important, – Categorize inputs so they know what types of information they are working with, and – Connect inputs to previous knowledge so they know how new information relates to what they already know.
  • 15. Solutions • Teach Orton-Gillingham Principles – Multi-sensory – Systematic – Logical sequence – Oral language – Written language
  • 17. “Systematic phonics instruction has been used widely over a long period of time with positive results, and a variety of systematic phonics programs have proven effective with children of different ages, abilities, and socio-economic backgrounds. These facts and finding provide converging evidence that explicit, systemic phonics instruction is a valuable and essential part of successful reading program.” ~ National Reading Panel Report
  • 18. Types of assessments http://athome.readinghorizons.com/assessments/index.aspx • Word Recognition • Phonemic Awareness • Most Common Word • Word Segmentation
  • 19. Should I get my child tested? Pros Cons •Diagnosis provides •Fear of “label” help by law •Expensive •Understand solution •Where to get a test?
  • 20. Appropriate Reading Rates Reading fluency, as defined by Dr. Neil Anderson, is "reading at an appropriate rate with adequate comprehension" (Anderson, 2008, p. 3). What is an “appropriate rate?”
  • 21. Silent Reading Rates Oral Reading Rates 1st grade: 80 wpm 1st grade: 53 wpm 2nd grade: 115 wpm 2nd grade: 89 wpm 3rd grade: 138 wpm 3rd grade: 107 wpm 4th grade: 158 wpm 4th grade: 123 wpm 5th grade: 173 wpm 5th grade: 139 wpm 6th grade: 185 wpm 6th grade: 150 wpm 7th grade: 195 wpm 7th grade: 150 wpm 8th grade: 204 wpm 8th grade: 151 wpm 9th grade: 214 wpm 10th grade: 224 wpm 11th grade: 237 wpm 12th grade: 250 wpm College or University: 280 wpm
  • 22. Access Your Free E-Book http://readinghorizons.com/resources /disabilites.pdf
  • 23. Please visit: www.ReadingHorizons.com Shantell@ReadingHorizons.com Erika@ReadingHorizons.com