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Real	
  Estate	
  Financial	
  Modeling’s	
  
                                                                     	
  

 How	
  Real	
  Estate	
  Developers	
  Price	
  The	
  Dirt:	
  
Residual	
  Land	
  Valua>on	
  and	
  Comparable	
  Sales	
  
                                                                     	
  




                Instruc(on	
  by	
  Bruce	
  Kirsch	
  
         Principal,	
  Real	
  Estate	
  Financial	
  Modeling	
  
                                    	
  
          Copyright	
  ©	
  2012	
  by	
  Real	
  Estate	
  Financial	
  Modeling,	
  LLC.	
  	
  All	
  Rights	
  Reserved.	
  	
  
                                                                 	
  
                                            www.GetREFM.com                                    	
  
Real	
  Estate	
  Financial	
  Modeling	
  –	
  Model	
  For	
  Success	
  



CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE




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This	
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   •    Truly	
  Understanding	
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  •  Bootcamps:	
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  Mon	
  4/16	
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  Estate	
  Finance	
  –	
  Tues	
  4/17	
  at	
  1:30	
  PM	
  
       •  Joint	
  Venture	
  Partnerships	
  –	
  Wed/Thurs	
  
           4/18-­‐4/19	
  at	
  1:30	
  PM	
  both	
  days	
  



www.GetREFM.com	
                       4	
  
TODAY’S	
  PROMOTION	
  


             Coupon	
  for	
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  Off	
  	
  
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  Month:	
  


   	
  



www.GetREFM.com	
         5	
  
To	
  What	
  Extent	
  Can	
  The	
  Developer	
  Control	
  The	
  Following?	
  

  •  Hard	
  Costs	
  
      •  Global	
  Commodi(es	
  Prices	
  
CLICK •  Construc(on	
  TITLE STYLE
       TO EDIT MASTER Labor	
  Costs	
  


   •  SoO	
  Cost	
  Service	
  Provider	
  Costs	
  
   •  Cost	
  of	
  Construc(on	
  Debt	
  
   •  Investor	
  Returns	
  Requirements	
  
   •  Land	
  Cost	
  

www.GetREFM.com	
                      6	
  
To	
  What	
  Extent	
  Can	
  The	
  Developer	
  Control	
  The	
  Following?	
  

  •  Hard	
  Costs	
  –	
  Very	
  Licle	
  
      •  Global	
  Commodi(es	
  Prices	
  
CLICK •  Construc(on	
  TITLE STYLE
       TO EDIT MASTER Labor	
  Costs	
  


   •  SoO	
  Cost	
  Service	
  Provider	
  Costs	
  –	
  Licle	
  
   •  Cost	
  of	
  Construc(on	
  Debt	
  –	
  Licle	
  
   •  Investor	
  Returns	
  Requirements	
  –	
  Licle	
  
   •  Land	
  Cost	
  –	
  Poten>ally	
  More	
  Than	
  A	
  Licle	
  

www.GetREFM.com	
                      7	
  
To	
  What	
  Extent	
  Can	
  The	
  Developer	
  Control	
  The	
  Following?	
  

  •  Hard	
  Costs	
  –	
  Very	
  Licle	
  
      •  Global	
  Commodi(es	
  Prices	
  
CLICK •  Construc(on	
  TITLE STYLE
       TO EDIT MASTER Labor	
  Costs	
  


   •  SoO	
  Cost	
  Service	
  Provider	
  Costs	
  –	
  Licle	
  
   •  Cost	
  of	
  Construc(on	
  Debt	
  –	
  Licle	
  
   •  Investor	
  Returns	
  Requirements	
  –	
  Licle	
  
   •  Land	
  Cost	
  –	
  Poten>ally	
  More	
  Than	
  A	
  Licle	
  

www.GetREFM.com	
                      8	
  
How	
  Is	
  Land	
  Different	
  From	
  Other	
  Development	
  Costs?	
  


  •  No	
  site	
  receives	
  a	
  constant,	
  high	
  volume	
  of	
  
     purchase	
  offers	
  every	
  month	
  of	
  every	
  year	
  
CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE
      •  Every	
  site	
  is	
  unique	
  with	
  respect	
  to	
  
         loca(on,	
  and	
  physically,	
  and	
  sites	
  oOen	
  
         have	
  zoning	
  restric(ons	
  limi(ng	
  the	
  
         allowable	
  uses	
  that	
  can	
  exist	
  on	
  the	
  site	
  
      •  Because	
  the	
  real	
  estate	
  market	
  operates	
  
         within	
  a	
  cycle	
  


www.GetREFM.com	
                   9	
  
In	
  Other	
  Words…	
  

   •  Land	
  is	
  the	
  ul>mate	
  illiquid	
  asset	
  
CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE
   •  Land	
  sellers	
  should	
  feel	
  very	
  lucky	
  when	
  
      they	
  get	
  a	
  offer	
  that	
  would	
  actually	
  go	
  to	
  
      closing	
  at	
  the	
  price	
  offered!	
  




www.GetREFM.com	
                    10	
  
Residual	
  Land	
  Valua>on	
  Basics	
  

   •  Developers	
  use	
  residual	
  land	
  valua(on	
  as	
  one	
  method	
  of	
  
      deciding	
  what	
  to	
  pay	
  for	
  a	
  development	
  site	
  
CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE
                                    Element
                  Estimated	
  Income
                  less	
   Estimated	
  Cost	
  excl.	
  Land
                  less	
   Required	
  Equity	
  Return
                  =	
  Residual	
  Land	
  Value



www.GetREFM.com	
                         11	
  
Residual	
  Land	
  Valua>on	
  Basics	
  


                 Element                                                 Developer's	
  Internal	
  Monologue

CLICK IncomeEDIT MASTERcan	
  I	
  build?	
  What	
  can	
  I	
  get	
  in	
  income	
  (rent/sales)?
Estimated	
  
              TO    What	
  
                             TITLE STYLE
less	
   Estimated	
  Cost	
  excl.	
  Land             What	
  will	
  it	
  cost	
  me	
  in	
  total	
  to	
  build,	
  operate	
  and	
  lease	
  up/sell	
  out?
less	
   Required	
  Equity	
  Return                   What	
  pre-­‐tax	
  margin	
  do	
  I	
  and	
  my	
  investors	
  need	
  to	
  make?	
  *
=	
  Residual	
  Land	
  Value                          This	
  is	
  what	
  the	
  land	
  is	
  worth	
  for	
  the	
  contemplated	
  project

*	
  For	
  income-­‐producing	
  properties,	
  this	
  is	
  measured	
  as	
  Yield	
  on	
  Cost:	
  NOI	
  /	
  Total	
  Project	
  Cost
	
  	
  	
  For	
  unit-­‐sales	
  projects,	
  this	
  is	
  measured	
  as	
  Profit	
  Margin:	
  Net	
  Cash	
  Flow	
  /	
  Gross	
  Sales	
  Proceeds




www.GetREFM.com	
                                                             12	
  
Residual	
  Land	
  Valua>on	
  Process	
  
  •  First	
  pass:	
  Back	
  Of	
  The	
  Envelope	
  analysis	
  (also	
  known	
  as	
  a	
  “sta(c”	
  
     analysis,	
  meaning	
  that	
  we	
  are	
  not	
  taking	
  the	
  passage	
  of	
  (me	
  into	
  
     account).	
  	
  
      •  Make	
  inputs	
  for	
  all	
  variables,	
  including	
  Land	
  Cost	
  
CLICK • TO EDIT MASTER TITLEnput	
  un(l	
  the	
  target	
  returns	
  
           Make	
  changes	
  to	
  Land	
  Cost	
  i STYLE
           thresholds	
  are	
  met	
  (i.e.,	
  the	
  economics	
  of	
  the	
  project	
  work).	
  

     •  If	
  this	
  Land	
  Cost	
  is	
  not	
  something	
  you	
  think	
  the	
  land	
  seller	
  will	
  
        entertain	
  as	
  the	
  purchase	
  price,	
  move	
  on	
  to	
  evalua(ng	
  the	
  next	
  site.	
  

     •  If	
  the	
  Land	
  Cost	
  is	
  something	
  that	
  you	
  think	
  the	
  land	
  seller	
  will	
  
        entertain,	
  proceed	
  to	
  running	
  a	
  mul>-­‐year	
  projec>on	
  model,	
  also	
  
        known	
  as	
  a	
  pro-­‐forma,	
  that	
  will	
  allocate	
  project	
  costs	
  and	
  asset-­‐
        generated	
  income	
  over	
  (me,	
  and	
  use	
  the	
  Net	
  Present	
  Value	
  and	
  
        Internal	
  Rate	
  of	
  Return	
  measurements	
  to	
  fine-­‐tune	
  the	
  amount	
  
        which	
  you	
  will	
  offer	
  as	
  the	
  land	
  Purchase	
  Price.	
  

www.GetREFM.com	
                                        13	
  
Residual	
  Land	
  Valua>on	
  Process	
  



CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE

 Back Of The               Iterate By         Promising?
  Envelope                 Changing            Run DCF
  Analysis                 Variables           Analysis




www.GetREFM.com	
              14	
  
Residual	
  Land	
  Valua>on	
  Process	
  –	
  DCF	
  Analysis	
  
                                                                                      123 Main Street, Chicago, IL
                                                                         Condominium Building Development Assumptions - 4/9/2012
                                    BUILDING INFORMATION                                                                                       DEVELOPMENT USES OF FUNDS
Property Address                   123 Main Street, Chicago, IL                                                                                                         % Total $/Unit                    $/GSF       Total
Lot Square Footage                 14,000 SF                                                         Land and Acquisition Costs                          6.00% Deposit  16.82%    $96,154                 $59.52    $3,750,000
Allowable FAR                      4.5 FAR                                                           Hard Costs excl. Contingency                                       53.83%   $307,692                $190.48   $12,000,000
Total Above-Grade Gross SF         63,000 GSF                      Stories    8 Stories              Addt'l Market Rate Unit Finishes            $7,000/Unit Premium     1.10%     $6,282                  $3.89      $245,000
Retail A                                                                    4,000 GSF                Hard Costs Contingency                                     10.00%   5.49%    $31,397                 $19.44    $1,224,500
Retail B                                                                    4,000 GSF Total Retail   Land and Total Base Building Hard Costs                            60.43%  $345,372                 $213.80   $13,469,500
Retail C                                                                    4,000 GSF 12,000 GSF     Retail Tenant Improvements and Leasing Commissions                  1.77%                                        $395,200

CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE
Residual Gross Square Feet of Residential                                  51,000 GSF                Soft Costs incl. Contingency                                       13.46%    $76,923                 $47.62    $3,000,000
Salable Square Feet of Residential                       85.0% Efficiency 43,350 SSF Total Units     Developer Fee                           3.00% of Land/Hard/Soft     2.77%    $15,857                  $9.82      $618,441
Residential Units *                  Affordable      4 Units Market Rate       35 Units   39 Units   FF& E                                                               0.45%     $2,564                  $1.59      $100,000
                                    Average SF       525 SF Average SF          775 SF     749 SF    Financing Costs excl. any Operating Deficit                         4.29%    $24,547                 $15.20      $957,323
Podium/Garage Parking                                                       48 Spaces                Total Uses of Funds                                               100.00%   $571,550                $347.54   $22,290,464
Surface Parking                                                               0 Spaces               Operating Deficit (including Deficits Paid by Cash Flow)                                                               $0
Number of Storage Units                                                       30 Units               Total Uses of Funds with Operating Def.                                                             $353.82   $22,290,464
* See Unit Mix and Pricing Tab                                                                       Total Uses of Funds including Deficits funded by Property Cash Flow                                           $22,663,107
                    PROJECT TIMING AND SALES VELOCITY ASSUMPTIONS                                                                           DEVELOPMENT SOURCES OF FUNDS
                                                   Value         Value      Month #           Date
Analysis Start Date                                                            Mo. 1    11/1/2011                                       % of Developer   % of Total             Initial   Share of any     % of    Total Equity
Date of Land Contract Execution                                                          1/1/2012    Equity                                    Equity     Equity           Investment       Deficits *     Cost     w/Deficits
Land Deposit Date                                                                       1/1/2012     Sponsor/Developer                        25.00%       4.17%            $200,000         $18,392                   $218,392
Land Closing Date                                                                       4/1/2013     Equity Partner (if Any)                  75.00%      12.50%            $600,000         $55,177                   $655,177
# Months of Pre-Construction After Analysis Start              24 Months                             Third Party Investor                                 83.33%          $4,000,000        $367,850                 $4,367,850
# of Months of Pre-sale Closings                                2 Months                             Sponsor Land Equity Contribution                      0.00%                   $0              $0                        $0
Construction Duration/Construction Start                       12 Months       Mo. 25      2/1/14    Equity Total                                        100.00%          $4,800,000        $441,420     23.51%      $5,241,420

Pre-Sales Begin                                                                 Mo. 0         NA     Debt                               Closing Date                                                       % of           Total
Pre-Sales Duration/End Month                                       0 Months     Mo. 0         NA     Land Loan                           4/1/2013        9.0% Interest          Current PMTs               Cost        $300,000
  Pre-Sales % Sold/Velocity/# Units   0%        0 Un its /M o .      0 Units                          Mortgage Recording Tax                                    1.00%
                                                                                                      Origination Cost - Paid in Cash                           1.00%
Market Sales Velocity/Begin                                         5/Month     Mo. 35
First C of O Received                                                           Mo. 35     9/1/14    Mezzanine Loan                      1/1/2014        12.0% Interest                                   8.97%      $2,000,000
Sales Through the Month Prior to First C of O        0% Total         0 Units                         Mezzanine Loan Broker Fee                                  1.00%
    Sales Duration/Velocity                         35 Months        0/Month                          Loan Fees - Front End              1/1/2014                1.00%
Final C of O Received/End of Construction                                       Mo. 37    11/1/14
First Move-Ins                                                                  Mo. 36     9/1/14    Senior Loan **                      2/1/2014        5.0% Interest                                   67.51%    $15,049,045
Sales After First C of O                          100% Total    35 Units                               Mortgage Recording Tax                                   1.25%
  Sales Duration/Velocity                           9 Months 3.89/Month                                Loan Fees - Front End                                    0.25%
                                                                                                       Loan Fees - At Draws                                     1.00%
Market Sales Velocity/ Completion Timing                          4.88/Month    Mo. 43      5/1/15
Sell Out # Months from First C of O / Total Sell Out Period          8 Months            52 Months                                                         Debt Total (excludes any Land Loan) 76.49%              $17,049,045
                                                                                                                                               Total Sources of Funds (excludes any Land Loan) 100.00%             $22,290,464



                                                Sample REFM Excel Model Template
 www.GetREFM.com	
                                                                                       15	
  
Residual	
  Land	
  Valua>on	
  Process	
  –	
  DCF	
  Analysis	
  
                                                                        123 Main Street, Chicago, IL
                                                     Condominium Building Revenue and Operating Assumptions - 4/9/2012
                                     RESIDENTIAL COMPONENT REVENUES                                                                  BUILDING OPERATING ASSUMPTIONS

  Residential Units                                                        Average Price            Average SF   Existing Rental Property Annual NOI                                                  $0
    Pre-Sale (All Market)                 0 Units                      $0      $0 PSF                775 SSF     Annual Growth Rate                                                                1.00%
    Market Rate                           35 Units                  $525,000   $677 PSF              775 SSF     Annual Inflation Rate for Operating Expenses/Deficit                             3.00%
    Affordable                            4 Units                   $300,000   $571 PSF              525 SSF     Annual Operating Expenses/Unit after First C of O                                $5,000
    Total                                 39 Units                                                               Real Estate Taxes on Residential Units
  Blended Non Pre-Sales *                                           $501,923    $670 PSF             749 SSF      Average Assessed Value                                                        $400,000
CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE
  * Market & Affordable                                                                                           Tax Rate
                                                                                                                  Annual Real Estate Taxes/Unit after First C of O
                                                                                                                                                                                                   1.27%
                                                                                                                                                                                                  $5,080
  Revenue                                   Deposit Amount          5.00%                Amount
  Residential Units Excluding Options    Pre-Sales Discount        10.00%           $19,575,000                          RETURNS (CALCULATED OFF OF MONTHLY CASH FLOWS)
  Options Income                                   All Units $10,000/Unit               $390,000
  Podium/Garage Parking                           48 Spaces       $40,000             $1,920,000                                                       Sponsor/         Equity    Third Party    Total
  Surface Parking                                  0 Spaces            $0                     $0                                                       Developer        Partner    Investor     Project
  Storage Units                                     30 Units       $5,000               $150,000
  Gross Revenues                                                                    $22,035,000                  Equity Investment                     $200,000     $600,000      $4,000,000 $4,800,000
  Selling Costs                                       5.00%                          ($1,101,750)                Net Return on Equity                  $356,293     $105,682      $1,396,870 $1,753,163
  Total Residential Component Revenues, Net                                         $20,933,250                  Multiple on Equity                      1.41x        1.38x          1.32x      1.33x
                                                                                                                 IRR                                    10.30%        9.88%         11.56%     11.27%
                         RETAIL COMPONENT INCOME, TI AND LC ASSUMPTIONS                                          NPV off of Monthly CFs                  8.00%                                $403,407

                                               NNN Rent           TI Allowance TI Start Month # TI Schedule      IRR Kicker Return Hurdle                1.00%
  Retail A                                      $25.00               $15.00          Month 24    2 Months        Land Owner Participation %              0.00%
  Retail B                                      $20.00               $25.00          Month 26    3 Months
  Retail C                                      $32.00               $35.00          Month 28    2 Months                                               NOTES

                                           Leasing Commissions        Term
  Retail A                                        4.00%              7 Years
  Retail B                                        4.00%              5 Years
  Retail C                                        4.00%             10 Years
  LC Payment Lead Time *                        3 Months
  * # of months prior to TI Start Month

                                            NOI Start Month      Sale of Retail in Month             Month 52
  Retail A                                    Month 26           Cap Rate at Sale                      9.00%
  Retail B                                    Month 29           Selling Costs                         4.00%
  Retail C                                    Month 30           Retail Condo. Net Proceeds         $3,319,982




                                          Sample REFM Excel Model Template
www.GetREFM.com	
                                                                                   16	
  
Residual	
  Land	
  Valua>on	
  Basics	
  



          Element
CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE                                         Element
    Estimated	
  Income                                    Estimated	
  Income
    less	
   Estimated	
  Cost	
  excl.	
  Land            less	
   Estimated	
  Cost
    less	
   Required	
  Equity	
  Return                  less	
   Residual	
  Land	
  Value
    =	
  Residual	
  Land	
  Value                         =	
  Required	
  Equity	
  Return




www.GetREFM.com	
                                 17	
  
Residual	
  Land	
  Valua>on	
  Basics	
  



          Element
CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE                                         Element
    Estimated	
  Income                                    Estimated	
  Income
    less	
   Estimated	
  Cost	
  excl.	
  Land            less	
   Estimated	
  Cost
    less	
   Required	
  Equity	
  Return                  less	
   Residual	
  Land	
  Value
    =	
  Residual	
  Land	
  Value                         =	
  Required	
  Equity	
  Return




www.GetREFM.com	
                                 18	
  
Residual	
  Land	
  Valua>on	
  Basics	
  



          Element
CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE                                         Element
    Estimated	
  Income                                    Estimated	
  Income
    less	
   Estimated	
  Cost	
  excl.	
  Land            less	
   Estimated	
  Cost
    less	
   Required	
  Equity	
  Return                  less	
   Residual	
  Land	
  Value
    =	
  Residual	
  Land	
  Value                         =	
  Required	
  Equity	
  Return




www.GetREFM.com	
                                 19	
  
How	
  Our	
  Back	
  Of	
  The	
  Envelope	
  Models	
  Work	
  



          Element
CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE                                         Element
    Estimated	
  Income                                    Estimated	
  Income
    less	
   Estimated	
  Cost	
  excl.	
  Land            less	
   Estimated	
  Cost
    less	
   Required	
  Equity	
  Return                  less	
   Residual	
  Land	
  Value
    =	
  Residual	
  Land	
  Value                         =	
  Required	
  Equity	
  Return




www.GetREFM.com	
                                 20	
  
How	
  Our	
  Back	
  Of	
  The	
  Envelope	
  Models	
  Work	
  


                             Element
CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE
              Estimated	
  Income
              less	
   Estimated	
  Cost
              less	
   Residual	
  Land	
  Value
              =	
  Required	
  Equity	
  Return



www.GetREFM.com	
                 21	
  
Example	
  1:	
  Office	
  Building	
  
                                                                                                                             Value
       What	
  Can	
  I	
  Build?	
  W hat	
  Is	
  Required?
       Lot	
  Square	
  Footage                                                                                         25,000	
  SF
       Total	
  Allowable	
  FAR                                                                 8.0	
  FAR           200,000	
  FAR
       Less	
  Retail	
  Square	
  Footage                                                                              12,000	
  SF
       Residual	
  Office	
  GSF                                                                                      188,000	
  GSF
       Rentable	
  Office	
  SF                                                                      91% Efficiency   171,080	
  RSF
CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE
       Required	
  Parking	
  Spots	
  per	
  1,000	
  RSF
                              1.20                                                                                      205	
  s pots

       What	
  Could	
  I	
  Generate	
  In	
  Net	
  Operating	
  Income?
       Average	
  Annual	
  Rent	
  PSF	
  Full	
  Service	
  -­‐	
  today's	
  value                                  $65.00	
  PSF
       Average	
  Monthly	
  Parking	
  Rent	
  per	
  Spot	
  -­‐	
  today's	
  value                                   $200.00

       Gross	
  Potential	
  Annual	
  Operating	
  Income	
  -­‐	
  Office                                           $11,120,200
       Gross	
  Potential	
  Annual	
  Operating	
  Income	
  -­‐	
  Parking                                             $492,710
       Less	
  Annual	
  Vacancy                                                                   5.00%                ($580,646)
       Total	
  Annual	
  Revenue,	
  Net                                                                             $11,032,265
                                                                                             Annual
       Operating	
  Expenses	
  -­‐	
  today's	
  value                                      $17.00	
  PSF            ($2,908,360)
       Real	
  Estate	
  Taxes	
  -­‐	
  today's	
  value                                    $15.00	
  PSF            ($2,566,200)
       Total	
  Operating	
  and	
  Taxes                                                    $32.00	
  PSF            ($5,474,560)

       Retail	
  Component	
  NNN	
  Rent	
  -­‐	
  today's	
  value                             $35.00                  $420,000

       "Current"	
  Stabilized	
  Net	
  Operating	
  Income	
  (NOI)                                                  $5,977,705




www.GetREFM.com	
                                                                   22	
  
Example	
  1:	
  Office	
  Building	
  
      How	
  Long	
  W ould	
  It	
  Take	
  To	
  Build	
  And	
  Stabilize?	
  /	
  W hat	
  W ould	
  It	
  Cost	
  To	
  Develop?
      Pre-­‐Construction	
  Duration                                                                                                     18	
  months
      Construction	
  Schedule                                                                                                           24	
  months
      Post-­‐Construction	
  Lease-­‐Up	
  Duration                                                                                      21	
  months
      Total	
  Project	
  Timeline                                                                                                       63	
  months

CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE                                                                                       %	
  TPC
      Base	
  Building	
  Hard	
  Cost	
  &	
  Contingency	
  -­‐	
  today's	
  value          $225.00	
  PSF          45.7%            $45,000,000
      Office	
  Tenant	
  Improvements	
  (TIs)	
  and	
  LCs	
  -­‐	
  today's	
  value        $50.00	
  PSF           8.7%             $8,554,000
      Retail	
  TIs	
  and	
  LCs	
  -­‐	
  today's	
  value                                    $25.00	
  PSF           0.3%               $300,000
      Soft	
  Cost	
  %	
  Hard	
  Costs,	
  Contingency	
  &	
  TIs                                35.00%             19.2%            $18,848,900
      Senior	
  Construction	
  Loan	
  to	
  Total	
  Project	
  Cost                              65.00%
      Construction	
  Loan	
  Interest	
  and	
  Operating	
  Deficit                                6.00%             12.4%            $12,186,935
      Land	
  Cost                                                                              $67.50/FAR             13.7%            $13,500,000
      Total	
  Project	
  Cost	
  (TPC)                                                                               100.0%            $98,389,835
        Per	
  GSF                                                                                                                            $492

      "Current"	
  Stabilized	
  NOI	
  Yield	
  on	
  Cost	
  (Cap	
  Rate)                                                                  6.08%

      How	
  W ould	
  I	
  Fund	
  It?
      Senior	
  Construction	
  Loan	
  Amount                                                        65.00%                            $63,953,393
      Mezzanine	
  Loan	
  Amount                                                                     20.00%                            $19,677,967
      Required	
  Equity	
  Amount                                                                    15.00%                            $14,758,475
                                                                                                                                        $98,389,835




www.GetREFM.com	
                                                                  23	
  
Example	
  1:	
  Office	
  Building	
  

         Income	
  Annual	
  Inflation	
  Factor                                                3.00%
         Expenses,	
  Taxes	
  &	
  CapEx	
  Annual	
  Inflation                                3.00%
         Years	
  to	
  Stabilization                                                       6.00	
  years

CLICK TO EDIT MASTER ffice	
  RSF
    Annual	
  Capital	
  Expenditures	
  Budget	
  per	
  O TITLE STYLE
                                                                      $0.30

         Future	
  Stabilized	
  NOI	
  after	
  CapEx	
  for	
  Valuation                                    $7,288,701
         Future	
  Stabilized	
  Yield	
  on	
  Cost	
  (Cap	
  Rate)                                              7.41%
         Asset	
  Sale	
  Capitalization	
  Rate	
                                                                 6.00%
         Future	
  Gross	
  Capitalized	
  Value                                                            $121,478,349
         Selling	
  Costs                                                                         4.00%      ($4,859,134)
         Sale	
  Proceeds,	
  Net                                                                           $116,619,215
         Pre-­‐Tax	
  Profit	
  on	
  Sale	
  (excludes	
  interim	
  year	
  cash	
  flows)                 $18,229,380
         Pre-­‐Tax	
  Profit	
  Margin	
  (excludes	
  interim	
  year	
  cash	
  flows)                          18.53%
         Multiple	
  on	
  Invested	
  Equity	
  (excludes	
  interim	
  year	
  cash	
  flows)                     2.24x




     >	
  Go	
  To	
  Excel	
  

www.GetREFM.com	
                                                            24	
  
Example	
  2:	
  Residen>al	
  Condominiums	
  



CLICK TO EDIT I	
  MASTERequired?
         What	
  Can	
   Build?	
  What	
  Is	
  R TITLE STYLE
                                                                                                    Ratio            Value
                 Lot	
  Acreage                                                                                3.00	
  acres
                 Maximum	
  Allowable	
  Residential	
  Units                          50.0	
  units/acre       150	
  units
                 Parking	
  Spots	
  -­‐	
  Greater	
  of	
  Zoning	
  and	
  Market            1.20/unit      180	
  s pots

                 Average	
  Unit	
  Size	
  -­‐	
  Affordable	
  Units                            650	
  SF
                 Average	
  Unit	
  Size	
  -­‐	
  Market	
  Rate	
  Units                        800	
  SF

                 Required	
  Affordable	
  Unit	
  Percentage                              8%	
  of	
  units     12	
  units
                     Residual	
  Market	
  Rate	
  Units:	
  138	
  units




www.GetREFM.com	
                                                            25	
  
Example	
  2:	
  Residen>al	
  Condominiums	
  
    What	
  Could	
  I	
  Generate	
  In	
  Income?
                                                                                                                   Duration             Rate
    Market	
  Rate	
  Product	
  Pre-­‐Sold                                             10%       14	
  units     3	
  months     5	
  units/mo.
    Market	
  Rate	
  Product	
  Sold	
  in	
  Regular	
  Sales                                  124	
  units     15	
  months    8	
  units/mo.
    Total	
  Residential	
  Units                                                                150	
  units
     Storage	
  Units                                                                             50	
  units
CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE
                                                                     10%	
  Discount
    Residential	
  Component	
  Sales	
  Price	
  Schedule                   Pre-­‐Sold Regular	
  Market         Affordable Gross	
  Proceeds
                         Residential	
  Units                               $450,000              $500,000         $175,000     $70,400,000
                                                                           $563	
  PSF            $625	
  PSF      $269	
  PSF
                                Parking	
  Spaces                            $36,000               $40,000                       $7,128,000
                                Storage                                       $4,500                $5,000                            $247,500
                                                                                            Selling	
  Costs          4.00%     ($3,111,020)
                                                                                           Net	
  Proceeds      $74,664,480
                                                                                Per	
  Condominium	
  Unit        $497,763
    Retail	
  Condominium	
  Component
    Rentable	
  SF                                                           12,000	
  SF
    Annual	
  NNN	
  Rent	
  PSF                                            $35.00	
  PSF     Annual	
  Rent       $420,000
    Retail	
  Cap	
  Rate	
  at	
  Sale                                          8.00%
    Selling	
  Costs                                                             3.00%
    Retail	
  Net	
  Proceeds                                                                                    $5,092,500

    Total	
  Net	
  Proceeds,	
  Residential	
  and	
  Retail	
  Combined                                       $79,756,980




www.GetREFM.com	
                                                              26	
  
Example	
  2:	
  Residen>al	
  Condominiums	
  


   How	
  Long	
  W ould	
  It	
  Take	
  To	
  Build	
  And	
  Stabilize?	
  /	
  W hat	
  W ould	
  It	
  Cost	
  To	
  Develop?
                                                                                                                                       End	
  Date
   Pre-­‐Construction	
  Period	
  (starts	
  at	
  Today's	
  Date)                                         15	
  months              6/6/2013
CLICK TOchedule
  Construction	
  S EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLEmonths
                                          20	
                                                                                         2/6/2015
   Post-­‐Construction	
  Sales	
  Period	
  ("Regular"	
  Sales)                                            15	
  months              5/6/2016
   Total	
  Project	
  Timeline	
  Through	
  Final	
  Unit	
  Closing                                       50	
  months

                                                                                                               Average                               %	
  TPC
   Base	
  Building	
  Hard	
  Cost	
  &	
  Contingency                       $200,000/unit                 $250.00	
  PSF           $30,000,000     48.8%
   Retail	
  Tenant	
  Improvements                                              $55.00	
  PSF                                         $660,000      1.1%
   Soft	
  Costs	
  %	
  Hard	
  Cost	
  &	
  Contingency	
  &	
  TIs                35.00%                                          $10,731,000     17.5%
   Senior	
  Construction	
  Loan	
  to	
  Total	
  Project	
  Cost                  65.00%
   Construction	
  Loan	
  Interest	
  &	
  Operating	
  Deficit                      6.00%                                           $6,600,643     10.7%
   Land	
  Cost                                                                 $90,000/unit                                         $13,500,000     22.0%
   Total	
  Project	
  Cost	
  (TPC)                                                                                                 $61,491,643     100.0%
     Per	
  Condominium	
  Unit                                                                                                        $409,944




www.GetREFM.com	
                                                                    27	
  
Example	
  2:	
  Residen>al	
  Condominiums	
  


  How	
  Would	
  I	
  Fund	
  It?
  Construction	
  Loan	
  Proceeds                $39,969,568    65.0%
CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE
  Equity	
  Required                              $21,522,075    35.0%
  Total	
  Sources	
  of	
  Funds                 $61,491,643    100.0%

  Pre-­‐Tax	
  Profit                             $18,265,337
  Profit	
  Margin                                     23.48%
  Multiple	
  on	
  Invested	
  Equity                   1.85x




www.GetREFM.com	
                        28	
  
Comparable	
  Sales	
  Method	
  
    •  The	
  other	
  method	
  of	
  development	
  site	
  valua(on	
  is	
  the	
  
       Comparable	
  Sales	
  (“Comps”)	
  method	
  

  •  What	
  similar	
  sites	
  have	
  traded	
  recently,	
  and	
  at	
  what	
  
CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE
        price?	
  
         •  “Similar”	
  means:	
  
             •  Same	
  uses	
  allowed	
  
             •  Same	
  submarket	
  
             •  Similarly-­‐sophis(cated	
  buyer	
  and	
  seller	
  

    •  Where	
  do	
  you	
  get	
  land	
  comps?	
  

    •  Can	
  you	
  trust	
  them?	
  

www.GetREFM.com	
                            29	
  
Residual	
  Valua>on	
  And	
  Comparable	
  Sales	
  Method	
  



CLICK TO EDITvMASTER TITLE omparable	
  sales	
  should	
  
  •  Residual	
   alua(on	
  and	
  c STYLE
       be	
  used	
  in	
  concert	
  with	
  one	
  another	
  …Neither	
  is	
  
       “right”	
  or	
  “wrong”	
  

   •  Use	
  them	
  as	
  a	
  sanity	
  check	
  against	
  one	
  another	
  




www.GetREFM.com	
                      30	
  
This	
  Month’s	
  Webinars	
  At	
  A	
  25%	
  Discount!	
  

   •    Truly	
  Understanding	
  IRR	
  –	
  Tomorrow	
  4/10	
  at	
  
CLICK TO EDITM	
  Understand	
  STYLE
        12:30	
  P MASTER TITLE IRR	
  once	
  and	
  for	
  all	
  
  	
  
  •  Bootcamps:	
  Build	
  up	
  your	
  hard	
  skills	
  
       •  Excel	
  For	
  Real	
  Estate	
  –	
  Mon	
  4/16	
  at	
  1:30	
  PM	
  
       •  Real	
  Estate	
  Finance	
  –	
  Tues	
  4/17	
  at	
  1:30	
  PM	
  
       •  Joint	
  Venture	
  Partnerships	
  –	
  Wed/Thurs	
  
           4/18-­‐4/19	
  at	
  1:30	
  PM	
  both	
  days	
  



www.GetREFM.com	
                       31	
  
TODAY’S	
  PROMOTION	
  


             Coupon	
  for	
  25%	
  Off	
  	
  
CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE
    Any	
  Webinar	
  Purchase	
  This	
  Month:	
  


   	
  



www.GetREFM.com	
        32	
  

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REFM's How Developers Price The Dirt

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  • 2. Real  Estate  Financial  Modeling  –  Model  For  Success   CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE www.GetREFM.com   2  
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  • 6. To  What  Extent  Can  The  Developer  Control  The  Following?   •  Hard  Costs   •  Global  Commodi(es  Prices   CLICK •  Construc(on  TITLE STYLE TO EDIT MASTER Labor  Costs   •  SoO  Cost  Service  Provider  Costs   •  Cost  of  Construc(on  Debt   •  Investor  Returns  Requirements   •  Land  Cost   www.GetREFM.com   6  
  • 7. To  What  Extent  Can  The  Developer  Control  The  Following?   •  Hard  Costs  –  Very  Licle   •  Global  Commodi(es  Prices   CLICK •  Construc(on  TITLE STYLE TO EDIT MASTER Labor  Costs   •  SoO  Cost  Service  Provider  Costs  –  Licle   •  Cost  of  Construc(on  Debt  –  Licle   •  Investor  Returns  Requirements  –  Licle   •  Land  Cost  –  Poten>ally  More  Than  A  Licle   www.GetREFM.com   7  
  • 8. To  What  Extent  Can  The  Developer  Control  The  Following?   •  Hard  Costs  –  Very  Licle   •  Global  Commodi(es  Prices   CLICK •  Construc(on  TITLE STYLE TO EDIT MASTER Labor  Costs   •  SoO  Cost  Service  Provider  Costs  –  Licle   •  Cost  of  Construc(on  Debt  –  Licle   •  Investor  Returns  Requirements  –  Licle   •  Land  Cost  –  Poten>ally  More  Than  A  Licle   www.GetREFM.com   8  
  • 9. How  Is  Land  Different  From  Other  Development  Costs?   •  No  site  receives  a  constant,  high  volume  of   purchase  offers  every  month  of  every  year   CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE •  Every  site  is  unique  with  respect  to   loca(on,  and  physically,  and  sites  oOen   have  zoning  restric(ons  limi(ng  the   allowable  uses  that  can  exist  on  the  site   •  Because  the  real  estate  market  operates   within  a  cycle   www.GetREFM.com   9  
  • 10. In  Other  Words…   •  Land  is  the  ul>mate  illiquid  asset   CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE •  Land  sellers  should  feel  very  lucky  when   they  get  a  offer  that  would  actually  go  to   closing  at  the  price  offered!   www.GetREFM.com   10  
  • 11. Residual  Land  Valua>on  Basics   •  Developers  use  residual  land  valua(on  as  one  method  of   deciding  what  to  pay  for  a  development  site   CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE Element Estimated  Income less   Estimated  Cost  excl.  Land less   Required  Equity  Return =  Residual  Land  Value www.GetREFM.com   11  
  • 12. Residual  Land  Valua>on  Basics   Element Developer's  Internal  Monologue CLICK IncomeEDIT MASTERcan  I  build?  What  can  I  get  in  income  (rent/sales)? Estimated   TO What   TITLE STYLE less   Estimated  Cost  excl.  Land What  will  it  cost  me  in  total  to  build,  operate  and  lease  up/sell  out? less   Required  Equity  Return What  pre-­‐tax  margin  do  I  and  my  investors  need  to  make?  * =  Residual  Land  Value This  is  what  the  land  is  worth  for  the  contemplated  project *  For  income-­‐producing  properties,  this  is  measured  as  Yield  on  Cost:  NOI  /  Total  Project  Cost      For  unit-­‐sales  projects,  this  is  measured  as  Profit  Margin:  Net  Cash  Flow  /  Gross  Sales  Proceeds www.GetREFM.com   12  
  • 13. Residual  Land  Valua>on  Process   •  First  pass:  Back  Of  The  Envelope  analysis  (also  known  as  a  “sta(c”   analysis,  meaning  that  we  are  not  taking  the  passage  of  (me  into   account).     •  Make  inputs  for  all  variables,  including  Land  Cost   CLICK • TO EDIT MASTER TITLEnput  un(l  the  target  returns   Make  changes  to  Land  Cost  i STYLE thresholds  are  met  (i.e.,  the  economics  of  the  project  work).   •  If  this  Land  Cost  is  not  something  you  think  the  land  seller  will   entertain  as  the  purchase  price,  move  on  to  evalua(ng  the  next  site.   •  If  the  Land  Cost  is  something  that  you  think  the  land  seller  will   entertain,  proceed  to  running  a  mul>-­‐year  projec>on  model,  also   known  as  a  pro-­‐forma,  that  will  allocate  project  costs  and  asset-­‐ generated  income  over  (me,  and  use  the  Net  Present  Value  and   Internal  Rate  of  Return  measurements  to  fine-­‐tune  the  amount   which  you  will  offer  as  the  land  Purchase  Price.   www.GetREFM.com   13  
  • 14. Residual  Land  Valua>on  Process   CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE Back Of The Iterate By Promising? Envelope Changing Run DCF Analysis Variables Analysis www.GetREFM.com   14  
  • 15. Residual  Land  Valua>on  Process  –  DCF  Analysis   123 Main Street, Chicago, IL Condominium Building Development Assumptions - 4/9/2012 BUILDING INFORMATION DEVELOPMENT USES OF FUNDS Property Address 123 Main Street, Chicago, IL % Total $/Unit $/GSF Total Lot Square Footage 14,000 SF Land and Acquisition Costs 6.00% Deposit 16.82% $96,154 $59.52 $3,750,000 Allowable FAR 4.5 FAR Hard Costs excl. Contingency 53.83% $307,692 $190.48 $12,000,000 Total Above-Grade Gross SF 63,000 GSF Stories 8 Stories Addt'l Market Rate Unit Finishes $7,000/Unit Premium 1.10% $6,282 $3.89 $245,000 Retail A 4,000 GSF Hard Costs Contingency 10.00% 5.49% $31,397 $19.44 $1,224,500 Retail B 4,000 GSF Total Retail Land and Total Base Building Hard Costs 60.43% $345,372 $213.80 $13,469,500 Retail C 4,000 GSF 12,000 GSF Retail Tenant Improvements and Leasing Commissions 1.77% $395,200 CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE Residual Gross Square Feet of Residential 51,000 GSF Soft Costs incl. Contingency 13.46% $76,923 $47.62 $3,000,000 Salable Square Feet of Residential 85.0% Efficiency 43,350 SSF Total Units Developer Fee 3.00% of Land/Hard/Soft 2.77% $15,857 $9.82 $618,441 Residential Units * Affordable 4 Units Market Rate 35 Units 39 Units FF& E 0.45% $2,564 $1.59 $100,000 Average SF 525 SF Average SF 775 SF 749 SF Financing Costs excl. any Operating Deficit 4.29% $24,547 $15.20 $957,323 Podium/Garage Parking 48 Spaces Total Uses of Funds 100.00% $571,550 $347.54 $22,290,464 Surface Parking 0 Spaces Operating Deficit (including Deficits Paid by Cash Flow) $0 Number of Storage Units 30 Units Total Uses of Funds with Operating Def. $353.82 $22,290,464 * See Unit Mix and Pricing Tab Total Uses of Funds including Deficits funded by Property Cash Flow $22,663,107 PROJECT TIMING AND SALES VELOCITY ASSUMPTIONS DEVELOPMENT SOURCES OF FUNDS Value Value Month # Date Analysis Start Date Mo. 1 11/1/2011 % of Developer % of Total Initial Share of any % of Total Equity Date of Land Contract Execution 1/1/2012 Equity Equity Equity Investment Deficits * Cost w/Deficits Land Deposit Date 1/1/2012 Sponsor/Developer 25.00% 4.17% $200,000 $18,392 $218,392 Land Closing Date 4/1/2013 Equity Partner (if Any) 75.00% 12.50% $600,000 $55,177 $655,177 # Months of Pre-Construction After Analysis Start 24 Months Third Party Investor 83.33% $4,000,000 $367,850 $4,367,850 # of Months of Pre-sale Closings 2 Months Sponsor Land Equity Contribution 0.00% $0 $0 $0 Construction Duration/Construction Start 12 Months Mo. 25 2/1/14 Equity Total 100.00% $4,800,000 $441,420 23.51% $5,241,420 Pre-Sales Begin Mo. 0 NA Debt Closing Date % of Total Pre-Sales Duration/End Month 0 Months Mo. 0 NA Land Loan 4/1/2013 9.0% Interest Current PMTs Cost $300,000 Pre-Sales % Sold/Velocity/# Units 0% 0 Un its /M o . 0 Units Mortgage Recording Tax 1.00% Origination Cost - Paid in Cash 1.00% Market Sales Velocity/Begin 5/Month Mo. 35 First C of O Received Mo. 35 9/1/14 Mezzanine Loan 1/1/2014 12.0% Interest 8.97% $2,000,000 Sales Through the Month Prior to First C of O 0% Total 0 Units Mezzanine Loan Broker Fee 1.00% Sales Duration/Velocity 35 Months 0/Month Loan Fees - Front End 1/1/2014 1.00% Final C of O Received/End of Construction Mo. 37 11/1/14 First Move-Ins Mo. 36 9/1/14 Senior Loan ** 2/1/2014 5.0% Interest 67.51% $15,049,045 Sales After First C of O 100% Total 35 Units Mortgage Recording Tax 1.25% Sales Duration/Velocity 9 Months 3.89/Month Loan Fees - Front End 0.25% Loan Fees - At Draws 1.00% Market Sales Velocity/ Completion Timing 4.88/Month Mo. 43 5/1/15 Sell Out # Months from First C of O / Total Sell Out Period 8 Months 52 Months Debt Total (excludes any Land Loan) 76.49% $17,049,045 Total Sources of Funds (excludes any Land Loan) 100.00% $22,290,464 Sample REFM Excel Model Template www.GetREFM.com   15  
  • 16. Residual  Land  Valua>on  Process  –  DCF  Analysis   123 Main Street, Chicago, IL Condominium Building Revenue and Operating Assumptions - 4/9/2012 RESIDENTIAL COMPONENT REVENUES BUILDING OPERATING ASSUMPTIONS Residential Units Average Price Average SF Existing Rental Property Annual NOI $0 Pre-Sale (All Market) 0 Units $0 $0 PSF 775 SSF Annual Growth Rate 1.00% Market Rate 35 Units $525,000 $677 PSF 775 SSF Annual Inflation Rate for Operating Expenses/Deficit 3.00% Affordable 4 Units $300,000 $571 PSF 525 SSF Annual Operating Expenses/Unit after First C of O $5,000 Total 39 Units Real Estate Taxes on Residential Units Blended Non Pre-Sales * $501,923 $670 PSF 749 SSF Average Assessed Value $400,000 CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE * Market & Affordable Tax Rate Annual Real Estate Taxes/Unit after First C of O 1.27% $5,080 Revenue Deposit Amount 5.00% Amount Residential Units Excluding Options Pre-Sales Discount 10.00% $19,575,000 RETURNS (CALCULATED OFF OF MONTHLY CASH FLOWS) Options Income All Units $10,000/Unit $390,000 Podium/Garage Parking 48 Spaces $40,000 $1,920,000 Sponsor/ Equity Third Party Total Surface Parking 0 Spaces $0 $0 Developer Partner Investor Project Storage Units 30 Units $5,000 $150,000 Gross Revenues $22,035,000 Equity Investment $200,000 $600,000 $4,000,000 $4,800,000 Selling Costs 5.00% ($1,101,750) Net Return on Equity $356,293 $105,682 $1,396,870 $1,753,163 Total Residential Component Revenues, Net $20,933,250 Multiple on Equity 1.41x 1.38x 1.32x 1.33x IRR 10.30% 9.88% 11.56% 11.27% RETAIL COMPONENT INCOME, TI AND LC ASSUMPTIONS NPV off of Monthly CFs 8.00% $403,407 NNN Rent TI Allowance TI Start Month # TI Schedule IRR Kicker Return Hurdle 1.00% Retail A $25.00 $15.00 Month 24 2 Months Land Owner Participation % 0.00% Retail B $20.00 $25.00 Month 26 3 Months Retail C $32.00 $35.00 Month 28 2 Months NOTES Leasing Commissions Term Retail A 4.00% 7 Years Retail B 4.00% 5 Years Retail C 4.00% 10 Years LC Payment Lead Time * 3 Months * # of months prior to TI Start Month NOI Start Month Sale of Retail in Month Month 52 Retail A Month 26 Cap Rate at Sale 9.00% Retail B Month 29 Selling Costs 4.00% Retail C Month 30 Retail Condo. Net Proceeds $3,319,982 Sample REFM Excel Model Template www.GetREFM.com   16  
  • 17. Residual  Land  Valua>on  Basics   Element CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE Element Estimated  Income Estimated  Income less   Estimated  Cost  excl.  Land less   Estimated  Cost less   Required  Equity  Return less   Residual  Land  Value =  Residual  Land  Value =  Required  Equity  Return www.GetREFM.com   17  
  • 18. Residual  Land  Valua>on  Basics   Element CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE Element Estimated  Income Estimated  Income less   Estimated  Cost  excl.  Land less   Estimated  Cost less   Required  Equity  Return less   Residual  Land  Value =  Residual  Land  Value =  Required  Equity  Return www.GetREFM.com   18  
  • 19. Residual  Land  Valua>on  Basics   Element CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE Element Estimated  Income Estimated  Income less   Estimated  Cost  excl.  Land less   Estimated  Cost less   Required  Equity  Return less   Residual  Land  Value =  Residual  Land  Value =  Required  Equity  Return www.GetREFM.com   19  
  • 20. How  Our  Back  Of  The  Envelope  Models  Work   Element CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE Element Estimated  Income Estimated  Income less   Estimated  Cost  excl.  Land less   Estimated  Cost less   Required  Equity  Return less   Residual  Land  Value =  Residual  Land  Value =  Required  Equity  Return www.GetREFM.com   20  
  • 21. How  Our  Back  Of  The  Envelope  Models  Work   Element CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE Estimated  Income less   Estimated  Cost less   Residual  Land  Value =  Required  Equity  Return www.GetREFM.com   21  
  • 22. Example  1:  Office  Building   Value What  Can  I  Build?  W hat  Is  Required? Lot  Square  Footage 25,000  SF Total  Allowable  FAR 8.0  FAR 200,000  FAR Less  Retail  Square  Footage 12,000  SF Residual  Office  GSF 188,000  GSF Rentable  Office  SF 91% Efficiency 171,080  RSF CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE Required  Parking  Spots  per  1,000  RSF 1.20 205  s pots What  Could  I  Generate  In  Net  Operating  Income? Average  Annual  Rent  PSF  Full  Service  -­‐  today's  value $65.00  PSF Average  Monthly  Parking  Rent  per  Spot  -­‐  today's  value $200.00 Gross  Potential  Annual  Operating  Income  -­‐  Office $11,120,200 Gross  Potential  Annual  Operating  Income  -­‐  Parking $492,710 Less  Annual  Vacancy 5.00% ($580,646) Total  Annual  Revenue,  Net $11,032,265 Annual Operating  Expenses  -­‐  today's  value $17.00  PSF ($2,908,360) Real  Estate  Taxes  -­‐  today's  value $15.00  PSF ($2,566,200) Total  Operating  and  Taxes $32.00  PSF ($5,474,560) Retail  Component  NNN  Rent  -­‐  today's  value $35.00 $420,000 "Current"  Stabilized  Net  Operating  Income  (NOI) $5,977,705 www.GetREFM.com   22  
  • 23. Example  1:  Office  Building   How  Long  W ould  It  Take  To  Build  And  Stabilize?  /  W hat  W ould  It  Cost  To  Develop? Pre-­‐Construction  Duration 18  months Construction  Schedule 24  months Post-­‐Construction  Lease-­‐Up  Duration 21  months Total  Project  Timeline 63  months CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE %  TPC Base  Building  Hard  Cost  &  Contingency  -­‐  today's  value $225.00  PSF 45.7% $45,000,000 Office  Tenant  Improvements  (TIs)  and  LCs  -­‐  today's  value $50.00  PSF 8.7% $8,554,000 Retail  TIs  and  LCs  -­‐  today's  value $25.00  PSF 0.3% $300,000 Soft  Cost  %  Hard  Costs,  Contingency  &  TIs 35.00% 19.2% $18,848,900 Senior  Construction  Loan  to  Total  Project  Cost 65.00% Construction  Loan  Interest  and  Operating  Deficit 6.00% 12.4% $12,186,935 Land  Cost $67.50/FAR 13.7% $13,500,000 Total  Project  Cost  (TPC) 100.0% $98,389,835 Per  GSF $492 "Current"  Stabilized  NOI  Yield  on  Cost  (Cap  Rate) 6.08% How  W ould  I  Fund  It? Senior  Construction  Loan  Amount 65.00% $63,953,393 Mezzanine  Loan  Amount 20.00% $19,677,967 Required  Equity  Amount 15.00% $14,758,475 $98,389,835 www.GetREFM.com   23  
  • 24. Example  1:  Office  Building   Income  Annual  Inflation  Factor 3.00% Expenses,  Taxes  &  CapEx  Annual  Inflation 3.00% Years  to  Stabilization 6.00  years CLICK TO EDIT MASTER ffice  RSF Annual  Capital  Expenditures  Budget  per  O TITLE STYLE $0.30 Future  Stabilized  NOI  after  CapEx  for  Valuation $7,288,701 Future  Stabilized  Yield  on  Cost  (Cap  Rate) 7.41% Asset  Sale  Capitalization  Rate   6.00% Future  Gross  Capitalized  Value $121,478,349 Selling  Costs 4.00% ($4,859,134) Sale  Proceeds,  Net $116,619,215 Pre-­‐Tax  Profit  on  Sale  (excludes  interim  year  cash  flows) $18,229,380 Pre-­‐Tax  Profit  Margin  (excludes  interim  year  cash  flows) 18.53% Multiple  on  Invested  Equity  (excludes  interim  year  cash  flows) 2.24x >  Go  To  Excel   www.GetREFM.com   24  
  • 25. Example  2:  Residen>al  Condominiums   CLICK TO EDIT I  MASTERequired? What  Can   Build?  What  Is  R TITLE STYLE Ratio Value Lot  Acreage 3.00  acres Maximum  Allowable  Residential  Units 50.0  units/acre 150  units Parking  Spots  -­‐  Greater  of  Zoning  and  Market 1.20/unit 180  s pots Average  Unit  Size  -­‐  Affordable  Units 650  SF Average  Unit  Size  -­‐  Market  Rate  Units 800  SF Required  Affordable  Unit  Percentage 8%  of  units 12  units Residual  Market  Rate  Units:  138  units www.GetREFM.com   25  
  • 26. Example  2:  Residen>al  Condominiums   What  Could  I  Generate  In  Income? Duration Rate Market  Rate  Product  Pre-­‐Sold 10% 14  units 3  months 5  units/mo. Market  Rate  Product  Sold  in  Regular  Sales 124  units 15  months 8  units/mo. Total  Residential  Units 150  units Storage  Units 50  units CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE 10%  Discount Residential  Component  Sales  Price  Schedule Pre-­‐Sold Regular  Market Affordable Gross  Proceeds Residential  Units $450,000 $500,000 $175,000 $70,400,000 $563  PSF $625  PSF $269  PSF Parking  Spaces $36,000 $40,000 $7,128,000 Storage $4,500 $5,000 $247,500 Selling  Costs 4.00% ($3,111,020) Net  Proceeds $74,664,480 Per  Condominium  Unit $497,763 Retail  Condominium  Component Rentable  SF 12,000  SF Annual  NNN  Rent  PSF $35.00  PSF Annual  Rent $420,000 Retail  Cap  Rate  at  Sale 8.00% Selling  Costs 3.00% Retail  Net  Proceeds $5,092,500 Total  Net  Proceeds,  Residential  and  Retail  Combined $79,756,980 www.GetREFM.com   26  
  • 27. Example  2:  Residen>al  Condominiums   How  Long  W ould  It  Take  To  Build  And  Stabilize?  /  W hat  W ould  It  Cost  To  Develop? End  Date Pre-­‐Construction  Period  (starts  at  Today's  Date) 15  months 6/6/2013 CLICK TOchedule Construction  S EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLEmonths 20   2/6/2015 Post-­‐Construction  Sales  Period  ("Regular"  Sales) 15  months 5/6/2016 Total  Project  Timeline  Through  Final  Unit  Closing 50  months Average %  TPC Base  Building  Hard  Cost  &  Contingency $200,000/unit $250.00  PSF $30,000,000 48.8% Retail  Tenant  Improvements $55.00  PSF $660,000 1.1% Soft  Costs  %  Hard  Cost  &  Contingency  &  TIs 35.00% $10,731,000 17.5% Senior  Construction  Loan  to  Total  Project  Cost 65.00% Construction  Loan  Interest  &  Operating  Deficit 6.00% $6,600,643 10.7% Land  Cost $90,000/unit $13,500,000 22.0% Total  Project  Cost  (TPC) $61,491,643 100.0% Per  Condominium  Unit $409,944 www.GetREFM.com   27  
  • 28. Example  2:  Residen>al  Condominiums   How  Would  I  Fund  It? Construction  Loan  Proceeds $39,969,568 65.0% CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE Equity  Required $21,522,075 35.0% Total  Sources  of  Funds $61,491,643 100.0% Pre-­‐Tax  Profit $18,265,337 Profit  Margin 23.48% Multiple  on  Invested  Equity 1.85x www.GetREFM.com   28  
  • 29. Comparable  Sales  Method   •  The  other  method  of  development  site  valua(on  is  the   Comparable  Sales  (“Comps”)  method   •  What  similar  sites  have  traded  recently,  and  at  what   CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE price?   •  “Similar”  means:   •  Same  uses  allowed   •  Same  submarket   •  Similarly-­‐sophis(cated  buyer  and  seller   •  Where  do  you  get  land  comps?   •  Can  you  trust  them?   www.GetREFM.com   29  
  • 30. Residual  Valua>on  And  Comparable  Sales  Method   CLICK TO EDITvMASTER TITLE omparable  sales  should   •  Residual   alua(on  and  c STYLE be  used  in  concert  with  one  another  …Neither  is   “right”  or  “wrong”   •  Use  them  as  a  sanity  check  against  one  another   www.GetREFM.com   30  
  • 31. This  Month’s  Webinars  At  A  25%  Discount!   •  Truly  Understanding  IRR  –  Tomorrow  4/10  at   CLICK TO EDITM  Understand  STYLE 12:30  P MASTER TITLE IRR  once  and  for  all     •  Bootcamps:  Build  up  your  hard  skills   •  Excel  For  Real  Estate  –  Mon  4/16  at  1:30  PM   •  Real  Estate  Finance  –  Tues  4/17  at  1:30  PM   •  Joint  Venture  Partnerships  –  Wed/Thurs   4/18-­‐4/19  at  1:30  PM  both  days   www.GetREFM.com   31  
  • 32. TODAY’S  PROMOTION   Coupon  for  25%  Off     CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE Any  Webinar  Purchase  This  Month:     www.GetREFM.com   32