Intro to Arduino

Intro to Arduino Class Intro to Arduino Held at CRASHspace Taught by Quin 8/11/12

Thank you to SparkFun for sharing the original presentation!

Schedule• Getting started with Arduino and electronics• Project 1 & 2• Break• Project 3, 4, & 5• Explaining More Code• Q&A + Project Time

Arduino Board “Strong Friend” Created in Ivrea, Italyin 2005 by Massimo Banzi & David Cuartielles Open Source Hardware Atmel Processor Coding is accessible (C++, Processing)

Why do I want an Arduino?Arduino is a 8-bit prototyping systemthat is easy for the modern developer,designer, hacker, kid, or someone thathas no experience in this type of genreto use.But why is important to all of us?

Arduino Shields PCB Built Shield InsertedShield

Arduino Shields Micro SD MP3 Trigger Joystick

ComponentsName Image Type Function Notes Digital Input Closes or Polarized,Button opens circuit needs resistor Analog Input VariableTrimpot resistorLDR Analog Input Variable Also known as resistor photoresistorTemp Analog Input Variable resistorSensorFlex Sensor Analog Input Variable resistor Dig. & 16,777,216 Ooh... SoRGB LED Analog Output different pretty. colors

PolarityPolarity is when there are two or moredifferent sides (or leads) of acomponent that have differentqualities that can not be reversed.Examples: batteries, LEDs, buttons

Power (+5V) and Ground (GND)Power is the current that goes throughthe circuit, and ground is the currentreturn path (collector)Always make sure that Power andGround never touch directly, or thecircuit will short.Make sure to not use over 10V, just5V, and 3.3V, so no shock will occur.

What’s a Breadboard?One of the most useful tools in an engineer or Maker’s toolkit. The four most important things to remember:• Breadboard is very easy to prototype with• A breadboard is easier than soldering• A lot of those little holes are connected, which ones?• Breadboards can break

What’s a Breadboard?

Analog and Digital• All Arduino signals are either Analog or Digital• All computers including Arduino, only understand Digital• It is important to understand the difference between Analog and Digital signals since Analog signals require an Analog to Digital conversion

Analog to Digital ConversionAn ADC is a device that samples acontinuous quantity of digital signals,compares it to discrete time, thenoutputs an analog signal.The ADC (analog) compatible pins onthe Arduino are A0, A1, A2, A3, A4,and A5

I/O, or Input/OutputInput is any signal entering an electrical system.Output is any signal exiting anelectrical system.

Output Output is any signal exiting an electrical system• Almost all systems that use physical computingwill have some form of output• Outputs include LEDs, a motor, a piezo buzzer,and an RGB LED

Output Output is always DigitalTo Output a Digital signal (On or Off) use thiscode: digitalWrite (pinNumber, value);Where value is HIGH (on) or LOW (off), both incapsTo output a signal that pretends to be Analog, usethis code:analogWrite (pinNumber, value);Where value is a number 0 - 255

OutputTo output a signal that pretends to beanalog (anywhere in between on andoff), you will have to use a PWM pin.All PWM pins on the Arduino aremarket with a “~” on the digital side.

Output Output is always DigitalUsing a Digital signal that pretends to be anAnalog signal is called Pulse Width ModulationUse Pulse Width Modulation, or P.W.M., foranything that requires a signal between HIGH andLOW (1-254, with 0 being off and 255 being on)P.W.M. is available on Arduino Leonardo digitalpins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, and 13

Installing Drivers for MacThe ﬁrst time you plug a Leonardo into a Mac, the"Keyboard Setup Assistant" will launch. Theresnothing to conﬁgure with the Leonardo, so you canclose this dialogue by clicking the red button in thetop left of the window.

Installing Drivers for WindowsThis method has been tested on Windows XP and 7:• Plug in your board and wait for Windows to begin its driver installation process. If the installer does not launch automatically, Navigate to the Windows Device Manager (Start>Control Panel>Hardware) and ﬁnd the Arduino Leonardo listing. Right click and choose Update driver.• If prompted to search for drivers online, choose "No, not this time". And click Next

Installing Drivers for Windows

Installing Drivers for Windows• When asked to install automatically or from a speciﬁc location, select "Install from a list or speciﬁc location" and press Next

Installing Drivers for Windows• Choose "Search for the best driver in these locations", and check the box "incude this location in the search". Click the Browse button and navigate to your Arduino 1.0.1 or later installation. Select the drivers folder an click OK

Installing Drivers for Windows

Installing Drivers for WindowsClick Next. You will receive a notiﬁcation that the Leonardo has not passed Windows Logo testing. Click on the button Continue Anyway

Installing Drivers for Windows• After a few moments, a window will tell you the wizard has ﬁnished installing software for Arduino Leonardo. Press the Finish button(from arduino.cc)

Board Type

Serial Port / COM Port

Circuit 1: Basic Blink 33

Parts of the Sketch

void setup() {} 36

void loop ( ) { }

Why do I make a comment?• Comments are great ways to remind you what you did, teach other people what that code means, or to make a long description for your whole piece of code for licenses, date, and author

Comments• Comments are ignored by the compiler• Comments can be anywhere• Comments can start with a // for a one-line comment• Another type of comment is multiple lines and starts with a /* and ends with a */

Example of Comment:

Output Output is always Digital, even when it’s P.W.M. For P.W.M. the Arduino pin turns on, then off very fastP.W.M. Signal @ 25% P.W.M. Signal @ 75% P.W.M. Signalrising

Input Input is any signal entering an electrical system•Both digital and analog sensors are forms of input•Input can also take many other forms: Keyboards,a mouse, buttons, light sensors, or just plainvoltage from a circuit

Analog Input• To connect an analog Input to your Arduino, use Analog Pins # 0 - 5• To get an analog reading: analogRead (pinNumber);• Analog Input varies from 0 to 1023 on an Arduino

Downloading Codehttps://github.com/Qtechknow/ Arduino-Code/zipball/master/

Circuit 2: Analog Reading

Digital Sensors/Digital Input• Digital Input could be a switch or a button• To connect digital input to your Arduino use Digital Pins # 0 – 13 (Although pins # 0 & 1 are also used for serial)• Digital Input needs a pinMode command (in setup): pinMode ( pinNumber, INPUT ); Make sure to use caps for INPUT• To get a digital reading: digitalRead ( pinNumber );

Digital Sensors/Digital Input• Digital sensors are more straight forward than Analog• No matter what the sensor, there are only two settings: On and Off (for buttons, pressed, or not)• Signal is always either HIGH (On) or LOW (Off)• Voltage signal for HIGH will be a little less than 5V on your Leonardo• Voltage signal for LOW will be 0V on most systems

Parts for Circuit 3:Arduino LeonardoBreadboardPushbutton (2)LED (2)Resistor - 10K Ohm (2)Resistor - 330 Ohm (2)Jumper Wire

Circuit 3: Buttons

SemicolonsSemicolons are needed after every lineof code, except for void setup(), voidloop(), and a few others

Operators The equals sign = is used to assign a value== is used to compare values

Operators&& is “and” || is “or”

VariablesBasic variable types:Boolean (on or off)Integer (a number)Character (a letter)

Declaring Variables Boolean: boolean variableName;

Declaring Variables Boolean: boolean variableName;Integer: int variableName;

Declaring Variables Boolean: boolean variableName; Integer: int variableName;Character: char variableName;

Declaring Variables Boolean: boolean variableName; Integer: int variableName;Character: char variableName; String: stringName [ ];

Assigning VariablesBoolean: variableName = true; or variableName = false;

Assigning VariablesBoolean: variableName = true; or variableName = false; Integer: variableName = 32767; or variableName = -32768;

Assigning VariablesBoolean: variableName = true; or variableName = false; Integer: variableName = 32767; or variableName = -32768;Character: variableName = ‘A’; or stringName = “Crashspace”;

Variable ScopeWhere you declare your variables matters

Circuit 4: ArduSensor + LED

Circuit 4: ArduSensor+LED

Common FunctionspinMode(pin, kind); (declares pins)analogRead(pin); (reads an analog pin)digitalWrite(pin, state); (tells a pin to turn on (5V), or turn off (0V)if() {} (tells something to do a function, when something else happensfor() {} (tells something to do a function over and over)

Setup void setup ( ) {Inputs & Outputs are declared in setup, this is done by using the pinMode functionThis particular example declares digital pin # 13 as an output, remember to use CAPS

If Statementsif ( this is true ) { do this; }

Ifif ( this is true ) { do this; }

Conditionalif ( this is true ) { do this; }

Actionif ( this is true ) { do this; }

Elseelse { do this; }

Basic Repetitionfor (int count = 0; count<10; count++){//for action code goes here//this could be anything}

Basic Repetitionfor (int count = 0; count<10; count++){//for action code goes here}

Circuit 5: Meter

Q&A and Project time

Intro to Arduino

by Qtechknow on Aug 13, 2012

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