Cultural Rebirth: Italian Renaissance Art

Cultural Rebirth
Italian Renaissance Art
Professor Will Adams
Valencia College

Tuesday, February 26, 13

Art and Patronage


Art and Patronage
Italians were willing to spend a lot of money on a .
A co unicated social, poli cal, and spiritual
values.
Italian banking & interna onal trade intereﬆs
had e money.


Art and Patronage
values.
had e money.
Public a in Florence was organized and suppo ed
by guilds.


Art and Patronage
values.
had e money.
Public a in Florence was organized and suppo ed
by guilds.

Therefore, e consump on of a was used as a form
of compe on for social & poli cal ﬆatus!


Characteristics of
Renaissance Art


1. Realism &
Expression


1. Realism &
Expression
“Expulsion from
e Garden”
Masaccio
1427
Firﬆ nudes since
classical mes!


2. Perspective


2. Perspective

“The Trinity”
Perspec ve!
Perspec
ve! Masaccio
Perspec ve!
Perspec ve!
Perspec ve!
Perspec ve!
1427
Perspec ve!

Firﬆ use
of linear
perspec ve!


2. Perspective

“The Trinity”
Perspec ve!
Perspec
ve! Masaccio
Perspec ve!
Perspec ve!
Perspec ve!
Perspec ve!
1427
Perspec ve!

Firﬆ use
of linear “ at you are,
I once was;
perspec ve!
at I am, you
will become.”


3. Classicism

The “Classical Pose” of e
Medici “Venus” from e 1ﬆ
century BCE


3. Classicism
Greco-Roman
inﬂuence.

century BCE


3. Classicism
Greco-Roman
inﬂuence.
Secularism.

century BCE


3. Classicism
Greco-Roman
inﬂuence.
Secularism.
Humanism.

century BCE


3. Classicism
Greco-Roman
inﬂuence.
Secularism.
Humanism.
Individualism  free
ﬆanding ﬁgures.

century BCE


3. Classicism
Greco-Roman
inﬂuence.
Secularism.
Humanism.
Individualism  free
ﬆanding ﬁgures.
Sy etry/Balance
century BCE


4. Emphasis on Individualism
“Ba ﬆa Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke &
Dut ess of Urbino”

Piero della
Francesca

1465 -
1466 CE


“Isabella d’Este by da Vinci, 1499


“Isabella d’Este by da Vinci, 1499

Italian noblewoman
o lived from 1474 -
1539 CE.

Known as e “Firﬆ
Lady of e Italian
Renaissance.”

Great patroness of e
a s in Mantua.

Known during her me
as “Firﬆ Lady of e
World!”


5. Geometrical
Arrangement of Figures


5. Geometrical
Arrangement of Figures
“The Dreyfus
Madonna
wi e
Pomegranate”

Leonardo da Vinci

1469 CE

The a iﬆ used
e ﬁgures as
ar itecture!


6. Light & Shadow, &
Softening Edges

“Smoky” or
“hazy” in
Italian:
Giving
“Light & dark” object
in Italian: edges a
Highlights & softening,
deep shadows hazy l k to
to create mimic
contraﬆ reality


6. Light & Shadow, &
Softening Edges
Sfumato
“Smoky” or
“hazy” in
Italian:
iaroscuro Giving
“Light & dark” object
in Italian: edges a
Highlights & softening,
deep shadows hazy l k to
to create mimic
contraﬆ reality


7. Artists as Celebrities
“The Lives of e
Moﬆ
Excellent
Painters,
Sculptors, and
Ar itects”
Wri en by
Giorgio Vasari in
1550 CE


Renaissance Florence

The
Floren ne
Lion:
The symbol of
e city patron
. Mark

Florins: Firﬆ currency
co only accepted
roughout Europe
since Rome’s fall.
Minted beginning in
1252 CE. “The W l Factory”
by Mirabello Cavalori, 1570 CE:
Celebrates Florence’s ﬆrong
agricultural economy


The Medicis: The First Family of
Florence

Lorenzo e Magniﬁcent Cosimo de Medici
1478 - 1521 CE 1517 - 1574 CE

Premier Architect of Florence
Filippo Brunelles i

1377 - 1436 CE

Ar itect &
metalsmi

Maﬆerpiece: The
Cuppolo (dome) of
. Maria
del Fiore
(Florence’s
ca edral).


Filippo Brunelleschi

Designed a double-
shelled ca edral
dome at used ribs
for suppo .


Co issioned to build e
Floren ne ca edral dome.

Designed a double-
shelled ca edral
dome at used ribs
for suppo .


Used unique and forgo en
ancient ar itectural
concepts.

Designed a double-
shelled ca edral
dome at used ribs
for suppo .


Used unique and forgo en
ancient ar itectural
concepts.
He ﬆudied e ancient
Pan eon in Rome.
Designed a double-
shelled ca edral
dome at used ribs
for suppo .


Brunelleschi’s Secret”

Herringbone, or “zig-zag” interlo ing bri s lo e
dome’s panels in place!


Brunelleschi’s Dome


Comparisons to Modern
Domes
Il Duomo . Peter’s . Paul’s US Capitol
Florence Rome London Washington


Emphasis on Symmetry &
Balance

“The Ideal City”
Piero della Francesca, 1470 CE


A Contest to Decorate the
Cathedral: Sacrifice of Isaac Panels

Brunelles i’s: Loser!

A Contest to Decorate the
Cathedral: Sacrifice of Isaac Panels

Brunelles i’s: Loser! Ghibe i’s: Winner!

Ghiberti’s Gates of Paradise

Floren ne Bap ﬆry D rs, caﬆ &
inﬆalled from 1425 - 1452 CE


The Liberation
of Sculpture

The ﬁrﬆ
free-
form
bronze
since
Roman
mes!


The Liberation
of Sculpture
“David” by Donatello

1430 CE

The ﬁrﬆ
free-
form
bronze
since
Roman
mes!


The Liberation of
Sculpture
“David”

Verroc io

1473 -
1475 CE


The Baptism of Christ

Verroc io

1472 - 1475 CE

Then appren ce-
to-Verroc io,
Leonardo da Vinci,
painted himself into
is maﬆerpiece!


The
Renaissance
'Individual'


The “Vitruvian Man”

Taken from Leonardo
da Vinci’s noteb ks

1492 CE

Illuﬆrates e
humaniﬆic idea at
man is e measure
of all ings.


The L’uomo Universale
The “Vitruvian Man”

Taken from Leonardo
da Vinci’s noteb ks

1492 CE

Illuﬆrates e
humaniﬆic idea at
man is e measure
of all ings.


The Renaissance Man


The Renaissance Man
Broad knowledge about many ings in
diﬀerent ﬁelds.


The Renaissance Man
diﬀerent ﬁelds.
Deep knowledge/skill in one area.


The Renaissance Man
different fields.
Able to link informa on from different
areas/disciplines and create new
knowledge.


The Renaissance Man
different fields.
Able to link informa on from different
areas/disciplines and create new
knowledge.
The Greek ideal of e “well-rounded man”
was at e hea of Renaissance educa on.


1. Self-Portrait: da Vinci, 1512

1452 - 1519


1. Self-Portrait: da Vinci, 1512
In addi on to
being an a iﬆ, da
Vinci was also:

A sculptor

An ar itect

A scien ﬆ

An engineer

1452 - 1519 An inventor


Leonardo,
the Artist

“The Virgin of
e Ro s”

Leonardo da
Vinci
1483 - 1486 CE


Leonardo, The Artist

From his noteb ks, of over 5,000 pages, wri en from
1508 - 1519.

Mona Lisa: da Vinci, 1503 - 1504


Mona Lisa: da Vinci, 1503 - 1504

?


Mona
Lisa OR
da
Vinci?


The Last Supper: da Vinci,
1498

Geometry at work!

The Last Supper: da Vinci,
1498
Located in e
refectory (dining
hall) of e
Convent of Santa
Maria delle Grazie
in Milan, Italy.


The Last Supper: da Vinci, 1498


The Last Supper: da Vinci, 1498

da Vinci used linear perspec ve!


Deterioration
Detail of
Jesus
The Laﬆ
Supper
Leonardo da
Vinci
1498 CE

A Da Vinci “Code?
. John or Mary Magdalene?


Leonardo, the Scientist:
Biology
Taken from e pages
of his noteb k, is
sket “Dissec on of
e Womb of a Woman
Deceased in
ildbi h” is an
example of e
humaniﬆ desire to
unlo e secrets of
nature.


Leonardo, the Scientist:
Anatomy


Leonardo, the Inventor

Sket es for war
ma ines, taken from
pages in his Noteb k


Leonardo, the Engineer

A ﬆudy of siege defenses.


Leonardo, the Engineer

udies of water-lif ng devices.
A ﬆudy of siege defenses.


da Vinci: the
Philosopher


da Vinci: the
Philosopher
“O inveﬆigator, do not ﬂa er yourself
at you know e ings nature performs
for herself, but rejoice in knowing at
purpose of ose ings designed by your
own mind.”

- da Vinci


Renaissance Rome

2. Michelangelo Buonorrati

Living from 1475 –
1564 CE, Mi elangelo
was e moﬆ famous
Roman a iﬆ of e
Italian Renaissance.
He is moﬆ celebrated
for his skill in
represen ng e human
body in ree
dimensions in
sculpture.


The David


The David
Mi elangelo Buonaro i

1504 CE
Marble


at a
diﬀerence
a century
makes!

15 Century 16 Century


The Popes as Patrons

“Pieta (Pity)”
Mi elangelo
Buonarro
1499 CE
Marble


The Sistine Chapel: 1508 - 1512 CE


The Sistine Chapel: Detail

“The Crea on of e Heavens”


“The Crea on
of Man”



“The
Fall from
Grace”


“The Laﬆ Judgment”

Self-po rait of Mi elangelo as a
ﬂayed skin.


3. Raffaello Sanzio: 1483 -
1520

“Self-Po rait”, 1506 “Po rait of e A iﬆ wi a Friend”,
1518

“Baldassare Castiglione”

Po rait by Raphael

Painted from 1514 -
1515 CE

Caﬆiglione
represented e
humaniﬆ
“gentleman” as a
man of reﬁnement
and self-control.


Betrothal
of the
Virgin
Raphael

1504


Betrothal
of the
Virgin
Raphael

1504

Perspec ve!


Raphael’s Canagiani Madonna,
1507


The School of Athens


Painted by Raphael from 1510 - 1511 CE in e Pope’s
library in e Va can, Rome.


One point perspec ve.


All of e impo ant Greek philosophers and inkers
are included - all of e great personali es of e
Seven Liberal A s!


Seven Liberal A s!
A great variety of poses.


Seven Liberal A s!
Located in e papal apa ments library.


Seven Liberal A s!
Raphael worked on is co ission simultaneously
as Mi elangelo was doing e Siﬆine apel.


Seven Liberal A s!
Raphael worked on is co ission simultaneously
as Mi elangelo was doing e Siﬆine apel.
No riﬆian emes here.



Da Vinci

Raphael

Mi elangelo


The School of Athens: Detail



Plato:
l ks to e
heavens [or
e IDEAL
realm].



Plato:
l ks to e
heavens [or Ariﬆotle:
e IDEAL l ks to is
realm]. ea h [ e
here and
now].


Pope Julius II


Pope Julius II
Po rait by Raphael Painted
from 1511 - 1512 CE


Pope Julius II
from 1511 - 1512 CE

More concerned wi
poli cs an wi eology.


Pope Julius II
from 1511 - 1512 CE

More concerned wi

Known as e “Warrior
Pope” for ﬆaging Holy
Wars


Pope Julius II
from 1511 - 1512 CE

More concerned wi

Wars

Great patron of
Renaissance a iﬆs,
especially of Raphael &
Mi elangelo.


Pope Julius II
from 1511 - 1512 CE

More concerned wi

Wars

Great patron of
Renaissance a iﬆs,
especially of Raphael &
Mi elangelo.

Died in 1513 CE


Pope Leo X with Cardinal Giulio
deMedici & Luigi De Rossi
Po rait painted by Raphael
from 1518 - 1519 CE


from 1518 - 1519 CE

He was a Medici Pope, o
was famous for his
corrup on & extravagance.


from 1518 - 1519 CE

was famous for his

He went rough e Va can
treasury in juﬆ one year!


from 1518 - 1519 CE

was famous for his


His extravagances oﬀended
even some cardinals [as well
as Ma in Lu er!].


from 1518 - 1519 CE

was famous for his


His extravagances oﬀended
even some cardinals [as well
as Ma in Lu er!].

He infamously ﬆa ed selling
indulgences.


The Birth of Venus

Bo icelli painted e Roman goddess’s bi h in 1485 CE in an a empt
to depict perfect beauty.

Primavera

Painted by Bo icelli in 1482 CE, it depicts e Classical gods as
almoﬆ nude and nearly life-size, and intensely humaniﬆic in nature.


Portrait of Savonarola
Painted by Fra Ba olomeo in 1498
CE

Dominican friar o decried money
and power


CE

and power

He was an an -humaniﬆ: he saw
humanism as t secular, hedoniﬆic,
and corrupt.


CE

and power

and corrupt.

He ﬆaged e “Bonﬁre of e
Vani es,” in 1497 CE:


CE

and power

and corrupt.


Zealots burned b ks, a work,
jewelry, and o er luxury g ds
in public.


CE

and power

and corrupt.


Zealots burned b ks, a work,
jewelry, and o er luxury g ds
in public.

Bo icelli even put some of his
pain ngs on e ﬁre!


Renaissance Venice

The Venus of Urbino

Painted by Vene an a iﬆ Ti an in 1558 CE, e work scandalized viewers
by caﬆing a cou esan as e ideal “goddess” type

The Penitent Mary Magdalene


The Penitent Mary Magdalene
Painted by Ti an in 1533
CE as Italian High
Renaissance a was
declining and becoming
less ideal in subject and
representa on.

Even riﬆian subjects
became less “pure”.

Mannerism (an
exaggerated ﬆyle of
pain ng) became more
popular.

This pain ng is a g d
example of is new
a iﬆic ﬆyle.

Fine


Cultural Rebirth: Italian Renaissance Art

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