Freddy Limpens: From folksonomies to ontologies: a socio-technical solution.

From folksonomies to ontologies :a socio-technical solution
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Freddy Limpens
Edelweiss, INRIA Sophia Antipolis
Supervisors:
Fabien Gandon, Edelweiss, INRIA Sophia Antipolis
Michel Buffa, I3S, Université Nice – Sophia Antipolis/CNRS
Edelweiss
PHILOWEB – October 16th 2010

Online communities of interest
"Enterprise 2.0" & organizations
cross-fertilizing Web 2.0 and Semantic Web
Context of the thesis
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From social tagging to folksonomies
Tags freely associated to resources …
… collected and shared on the web

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… resulting in
FOLKSONOMIES
A mass of users for a mass of resources

Limitations of folksonomies
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Spelling variations of tags:
newyork= new_york = nyc

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How to turn
folksonomies ...
?
Energy
pollutant
related
related
pollution
... into
topic structures (thesaurus) ?
has narrower
Soil pollutions

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… without overloading users
… and by collecting
all user's expertise
into the process

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Ademe scenario
Public audience
read + tag
Experts
produce docs
+ tag
Archivists
centralize + tag
From controlled folksonomy to structured folksonomy

State of the artand positioning
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State of the art
Automatic extraction of tag semantics:
Similarity based on co-occurrence patterns (Specia & Motta 2007; Catutto 2008)
Association rule mining (Mika 2005; Hothoet al. 2006)
Energy
pollutant
related
related
pollution
has narrower
Soil pollutions

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State of the art
Involving users in tags structuring:
Simple syntax to structure tags (Huyn-Kim Bang et al. 2008)
Crowdsourcing strategy to validate tag-concepts mapping (Lin et al. 2010)
Integrate ontology maturing into Social Bookmarking tool (Braun et al. 2007)
RDF
 ? :
 Resource Description Framework
☐ Rwanda Defense Force
pollutant
Energy
related
related
pollution
has narrower
Soil pollutions

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State of the art
Tags and Semantic Web models
SCOT for tags and tagging:

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State of the art
Tags and Semantic Web models
SCOT for tags and tagging:
MOAT (Passant & Laublet, 2008) : Raising ambiguity by linking tags to concepts from Linked Data

Tagging & folksonomy enrichment models
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Tagging model
What is tagging ?
Tagging = linkingaresourcewith asign

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Tagging model
NiceTag : tagging as named graphs (Carrol 2005)
nt:TagAction(named graph)
nt:TaggedResource
rdfs:Resource
nt:isRelatedTo
dc:date
sioc:has_creator
sioc:has_container
xsd:Date
sioc:UserAccount
sioc:Container

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Folksonomy enrichment
2 complementary semantic enrichment:
environment
renewable
energy
nt:ManualTagAction
related
wind-energy
http://www.windenergy.com
has broader
sioc:has_creator
nt:isAbout
freddy
close match
sioc:has_container
has narrower
windenergy
delicious.com
wind turbine
Structuring tags as in a thesaurus (SKOS)

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Tagging model
Supporting diverging points of view
pollution
car
skos:related
agrees
disagrees
john
paul

Supporting diverging points of view
Reification of relations with named graphs
pollution
car
skos:related
srtag:TagSemanticStatement
srtag:hasProposed
srtag:hasApproved
srtag:hasRejected
srtag:TagStructureComputer
"r2d2"
srtag:SingleUser
"paul"
srtag:SingleUser
"john"
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Going through the folksonomy enrichment life-cycle
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User-centric
structuring
Automatic processing
Flat
folksonomy
Detectconflicts
ADDING TAGS
Global
structuring
Structuredfolksonomy
Folksonomy enrichment life-cycle
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User-centric
structuring
Flat
folksonomy
Detectconflicts
ADDING TAGS
Global
structuring
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1. String-based metrics
pollution
Soil pollutions
=> « pollution » broaderthan« soil pollutions »
pollution
pollutant
=> « pollution » related to « pollutant »

String-based
metrics results
1. String-based metrics
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close match
related
broader

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2. Co-occurrence patterns
Example of folksonomy

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2. Co-occurrence patterns

renewableenergy
Claire
Alex
Anne
Delphine
Monique
wind-energy
Hyponym relations (broader/narrower):
« renewableenergy »broaderthan« wind-energy »
3. User-based association
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3. User-based association
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Global results of automatic processings on Ademe data
Total with 3 automatic methods: 83027 relations for 9037 tags
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User-centric
structuring
Flat
folksonomy
Detectconflicts
ADDING TAGS
Global
structuring
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Capturing users's contributions
Embedding structuring tasks within everyday activity (searching e.g)

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Capturing users's contributions

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Capturing user's point of view
Exemple:
Rejecting a relation
energie
John
srtag:hasRejected
skos:broader
france

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Capturing user's point of view
Exemple:
Proposing another relation
John
energie
energie
srtag:hasRejected
skos:related
skos:closeMatch
energy
energy
srtag:hasProposed

User-centric
structuring
Flat
folksonomy
Detectconflicts
ADDING TAGS
Global
structuring
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Conflict detection
narrower
environment
pollution
srtag:hasApproved
srtag:hasApproved
broader
Delphine
Anne
Monique
John
srtag:hasApproved
srtag:hasApproved
Using rules:
IFnum(narrower)/num(broader) ≥ c
THENnarrowerwins
ELSE 'related'wins

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Conflict detection
narrower
environment
pollution
related
broader
related
less constrained
less constrained
less constrained
broader
narrower
close match

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Experimentation at ADEME
Participation of 3 members at Ademe
+ 2 professionals in environment

Several cases of conflicting situations
Conflicting : >1 relation per pair of tags
Approved : 1 relation, onlyapproved
Debatable : 1 relation, BOTH approved and rejected
Rejected : 1 relation, onlyrejected
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Several cases of conflicting situations
Distribution over
relation types :
"closeMatch" tends to draw a consensus more easilythanothers
"broader/narrower" and "related" cause more debates/conflicts
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Conflicting
Conflictsolverchoice
debatable
rejected
Exampleconflictresolution
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User-centric
structuring
Flat
folksonomy
Detectconflicts
ADDING TAGS
Global
structuring
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HelpingReferent User (Ademearchivists) choose solutions to conflicts
Reporting
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Global map
Choices of the referent
user (archivistsatAdemee.g.)

User-centric
structuring
Flat
folksonomy
Detectconflicts
ADDING TAGS
Global
structuring
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Each point of view corresponds to a layer
environment
environment
environment
narrower
pollutants
pollution
pollution
pollution
pollutants
Paul
John
Referent
narrower
narrower
related
environment
narrower
pollution
pollutants
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Enriching individual points of view
Anne is looking for tag "environnement"
Integratingothers' contributions:
Current user -> "Anne"
ReferentUser (e.g. archivists)
ConflictSolver (software agent)
Other single users
Automatons (metrics)
domainesenvironnementaux
BROADER
RELATED
environnement
Search:
NARROWER
CLOSE MATCH
environmental
preoccupation environnementales
environment
grenelle de lenvironnement
competences environnementales
relation approved by user « Anne »
relation comingfromReferent User
relations comingfromcomputer
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Conclusion
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What we do :
Help online communities
structure their tags
environment
renewable
energy
related
has broader
wind-energy
related
has narrower
sustainability
wind turbine

Integrating collaborative ergonomics in design of socio-technical systems
User interfaces : how to visualize structuring process ?
Towards Computer Supported Argumentation
Application to the Web at large ?
Semantics of tags : Topic vs Concept ?
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Dicussion

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Thank you !
freddy.limpens@inria.fr
http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Freddy.Limpens/

2010
Monnin, A.; Limpens, F.; Gandon, F. & Laniado, D. Speech acts meets tagging: NiceTag ontology AIS SigPrag International Pragmatic Web Conference, 2010
Monnin, A.; Limpens, F.; Gandon, F. & Laniado, D. ,L'ontologieNiceTag : les tags en tantquegraphesnommés,A. Monnin, F. Limpens, D. Laniado, F. Gandon, EGC 2010, Atelier Web Social
Limpens, F.; Gandon, F. & Buffa, M. Helping online communities to semantically enrich folksonomies Proceedings of the WebSci10: Extending the Frontiers of Society On-Line, http://webscience.org, 2010
2009
Limpens, F.; Monnin, A.; Laniado, D. & Gandon, F. NiceTag Ontology: tags as named graphs International Workshop in Social Networks Interoperability, ASWC09, 2009
Limpens, F.; Gandon, F. & Buffa, M. Sémantique des folksonomies : structuration collaborative et assistéeIngénierie des Connaissances, 2009
Limpens, F.; Gandon, F. & Buffa, M. Collaborative semantic structuring of folksonomies (short article) IEEE/WIC/ACM Int. Conf. on Web Intelligence, 2009
Erétéo, G.; Buffa, M.; Gandon, F.; Leitzelman, M. & Limpens, F. Leveraging Social data with Semantics W3C Workshop on the Future of Social Networking, Barcelona., 2009
Henri, F.; Charlier, B. & Limpens, F. Understanding and Supporting the Creation of More Effective PLE Int. Conf. on Information Resources Management, Dubai, 2009
2008
Henri, F.; Charlier, B. & Limpens, F. Understanding PLE as an Essential Component of the Learning Process World Conf. on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications, ED-Media, Vienna, Austria, 2008
Limpens, F.; Gandon, F. & Buffa, M. Rapprocher les ontologies et les folksonomies pour la gestion des connaissancespartagées : un Etat de l'art Proc. 19èmes journéesfrancophonesd'Ingénierie des Connaissances, Nancy, 2008
Limpens, F.; Gandon, F. & Buffa, M. Bridging Ontologies and Folksonomies to Leverage Knowledge Sharing on the Social Web: a Brief Survey Proc. 1st International Workshop on Social Software Engineering and Applications (SoSEA),
http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Freddy.Limpens/?q=biblio
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Personal publications

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Positioning

Tagging model
Specifying the
Tagged Resource with IRW (Halpin & Pressuti 2009)
irw:Resource
rdfs:Resource
nt:isRelatedTo
≡
nt:TaggedResource
nt:TaggedResource
irw:Non
Information
Resource
irw:Information
Resource
Information resource
vsNon-Information resource, etc.
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Tagging model
No constraints on the model of the sign used to tag
moat:Tag
moat:hasMeaning
nt:isRelatedTo
http:geonames.org/2990440
rdfs:Resource
nt:isRelatedTo
:)
nt:TaggedResource
nt:isRelatedTo
nt:TaggedResource
scot:Tag
nt:isRelatedTo
nt:isRelatedTo
skos:Concept
nt:isRelatedTo

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Tagging model
Typing the relation to reflect on pragmatics of use of tags
rdfs:Resource
nt:isRelatedTo
nt:TaggedResource

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Tagging model
Typing the named graphs for additional dimensions of tagging
rdfs:Resource
nt:isRelatedTo
nt:TaggedResource

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Tagging model
Example of a tagging in delicious
scot:Tag
"wind-energy"
nt:isAbout
http://www.windenergy.com
nt:ManualTagAction
sioc:has_creator
freddy
sioc:has_container
delicious.com

Freddy Limpens: From folksonomies to ontologies: a socio-technical solution.

by PhiloWeb on Oct 30, 2010

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Freddy Limpens: From folksonomies to ontologies: a socio-technical solution. — Presentation Transcript