Antimicrobial resistance from use of antimicrobials in food animals

Antimicrobial resistance from use of Antimicrobials in Food Animals Washington, May 4, 2010 Jorgen Schlundt and Awa Aidara-Kane Department of Food Safety and Zoonoses,

WHO Food Safety and Zoonoses Promoting Science Enabling Action

The Problem
Antimicrobials save many million human lives every year – works against most infections
Antimicrobials lose effectiveness when bacteria become resistant – and all use of antimicrobials potentially creates resistance
Same classes of antimicrobials are used both in humans and animals
Widespread use of antimicrobials in livestock production - not only to treat disease
Few new antibiotics are being developed to replace those becoming ineffective through resistance
Food is the most important vector for spread of resistant bacteria between animals and humans – food trade globalized, international action needed

Health consequences of AMR
Increased number of infections
Increased frequency of treatment failures
Increased severity of infections
Prolonged duration of illness
Increased frequency of bloodstream infections
Increased hospitalization
Increased mortality – people die, who could have
been easily saved
Increased costs to society

So – the question is:
Does animal use mean anything?

Quinolone-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 (UK) November 93 – Enrofloxacin licensed for animal use

Fluoroquinolone resistance in human Campylobacter (USA) Approved for use in humans Approved for use in poultry FDA withdrew approval 0% Sentinel survey CDC began surveillance

Drug use for humans and animals France, 2005 Denmark, 2007

Total amount (mg/kg) antimicrobial for animal use

WHO Global Principles for the Containment of AMR in food-animals
Based on World Health Assembly Resolution
June 2000
To minimise the public health impact of the use of antimicrobial agents in food animals
Large consultation incl. stakeholders

So – which types of animal use:
Treatment – save sick animals
Prophylactic – prevent disease in herd settings
Growth Promotion – grow animals faster

WHO Global Principles Antimicrobial Growth Promoters Use of antimicrobial growth promoters … in humans and animals should be terminated or rapidly phased-out in the absence of risk-based evaluations. Prophylactic use of antimicrobials Use of antimicrobials for prevention only justified where disease is present or likely , never as substitute for good animal health management.

WHO major strategic directions (animal use)
Ban antimicrobial use for growth promotion
Avoid prophylactic use of antimicrobials
Limit use of critically important antimicrobials
(World Health Day 2011 on antimicrobial resistance)

WHO Global strategy for Prevention and Control of Foodborne Antimicrobial Resistance
Prudent use of antimicrobial agents in all sectors
No use of antimicrobial agents for growth promotion
A good regulatory system for approval and licensing
Prescription-only
Critically Important Antimicrobials for humans – restricted use in animals Fluoroquinolones, 3 + 4 generation Cephalosporins
Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial usage in human and animals
Useful information on prevalence and trends
Input for risk assessment and risk management
A basis for choosing, implementing and evaluating interventions

2003 WHO-panel on impacts of growth promoter termination in Denmark
Independent review panel
Productivity only marginally affected
Resistance against specific antimicrobials declined
Too early to measure decline in general antimicrobial resistance

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Antimicrobial resistance from use of antimicrobials in food animals

by PewEnvironment on May 06, 2010

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Antimicrobial resistance from use of antimicrobials in food animals Presentation Transcript