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RETAIL STORES
    OPERATIONS
NAME              ROLL NUMBER

ASHISH DHOBAL          12

GOPI KRISHNA           19

SHASHANK KAPDEO        23

NIRAJ MAKHE            30

JIGNESH MALKAN         31

ABHISHEK KUMAR         28
Tasks performed at the store level


    Store Administration and management of premises


   Receiving &        Providing customer
   displaying                                   Recording sales
     goods            shopping Experience



           Managing alliance and partnerships
Significant Areas Of Retail Operations
1.    Customer Service and Accommodation.

2.    Retail selling Process.

3.    Store Staffing & Scheduling.

4.    Retail Floor & Shelf Management.

5.    Stores Administration & Facilities Management.

6.    Warehousing & Supply Chain Management.

7.    Loss ( Shrinkage ) Prevention.

8.    POS/ Cashiering Process.

9.    Visual Merchandising and Displays.
Areas of Retail Operation covered

•    Check out Management

•    Stores Administration & Facilities Management

•    Loss ( Shrinkage ) Prevention.

•     Visual Merchandising and Displays.
Stores Operating Parameters

     To Evaluate Day to day operations of Stores ,
    Dip stick parameters are used to measure retail
    performance.

     They enable retailers to find out health of specific
    area of operation.

    Parameters

•   Customer Transactions
•   Stocks
•   Space
•   Employees
Stores Operating Parameters -                        Customer
                   Transactions
•   Customer Conversion Ratio
        Number of Transactions
         ------------------------------- * 100
          Customer Traffic
     This reflects retailer’s ability to turn potential customers
    into buyers .


•   Returns to Net Sales
     Total Return & Allowances
     ----------------------------------- * 100
       Net Sales
    This reflects customer’s satisfaction by showing value of returned
    goods and allowances as a percentage of net sales
Stores Operating Parameters-                       Customer
                   Transactions
•   Transactions per hour
       No. of transactions
     -----------------------------------
        No. of hours
    This helps retailers to keep track of the no. of transactions they are
    carrying out per hour , day ,week or season.


•   Sales Per Transaction
       Net Sales
     -------------------------------------
       No. of transactions

    This measure gives the rupee value of         average sales, net of
    returns and allowances
Stores Operating Parameters- Customer
                 Transactions
• Hourly customer traffic
     Customer traffic in
   -----------------------------------
      No. of hours

  This is used to track total customer traffic per hour, day,
  week or season
Stores Operating Parameters- Stocks
• Avg. Selling Price
  Total value of goods sold ÷ Total Qty. Sold

• Avg. Stock Price
  Total value of goods in stock ÷ Total Qty. in stock

• Stock Turnover/ Inventory Turnover Ratio
  Net Sales ÷ Avg. Retail value of inventory

• Percentage Inventory Carrying Cost
  (Inventory Carrying Cost ÷ Net Sales) * 100
Stores Operating Parameters- Stocks
• Gross Margin Return on inventory
  Gross Margin ÷ Avg. Value of Inventory

• Mark Down Goods Percentage
  (Net Sales at Mark Down ÷ Total Net Sales) * 100

• Shrinkage to Net Sales
  (Actual Inventory – Booked Inventory)
   -------------------------------------------------- * 100
    Net Sales
Stores Operating Parameters- Space
• Occupancy Cost per Sq. Ft. Selling Space
  Occupancy Cost ÷ Sq. ft. of Selling Space

• Sales Per Sq. Ft.
  Net Sales ÷ Sq. ft. of Selling Space

• Stock Per Sq. Ft.
  Net Stock ÷ Sq. ft. of Selling Space

• Percentage of selling space
  (Selling space in sq. ft. ÷ Total space in sq. ft.) * 100
Stores Operating Parameters- Employees
•   Net Sales per full time employee
    Net Sales ÷ Total no. of FT employees

•   Space Covered/ Customers Saved per FT Employee
    ( Total Retailing Space /No. of customers served ) ÷
    Total no. of FT employees

•   Labor Productivity
    Total Labor Cost
    ----------------------- * 100
    Net Sales
Stores Operating Parameters- Employees

•   Gross Margin per full time employee
    Total Gross Margin ÷ Total no. of FT employees



•   Suppliers /Quantity or Value purchased per buyer
    Total Suppliers /Quantity or Value purchased ÷ Total no. Buyers
Check out Management
    Traditional Methods

•   Minimum Cash at cash counters

•   Cash balance to be updated by Computer

•   IT/Skill Management

•   Keeping eye on cashier from distance

•   No authority to cancel

•   Change( Chiller) Management
Check out Management



         New Methods
Check out Management
            Cash Register Express

               Cash Register Express (or CRE) is a
              cost-effective computerized cash register
              that keeps your inventory costs down,
              reduces theft and makes more money!
               CRE is Windows-based POS system
              exclusively for retail and video stores.

           Features :
             Easy to use:
             Fast lookups by barcode or name
             Built-in help system Bar-code ready
             Credit card processing with IC Verify
             Built-in backup

             Salesperson tracking Time clock
             Handles multiple clerks
             Handles multiple cash drawers
             Password protection
Check out Management
Broad compatibility
 Microsoft Access compatible
 Quickbooks compatible

Helps manage customer accounts
 Detailed customer history
 Customer quick search
  Promotions for preferred customers
  Family memberships
  Coupon plans
  Gift certificates
  Mailing labels

Management flexibility
 Flexible pricing
 Flexible taxing

Sophisticated reporting
 Detailed inventory reports
 Management reports
 Financial summaries
Radio Frequency Identification
                            (RFID)
•   Short for radio frequency identification, a technology similar in
    theory to bar code identification.

•   With RFID, the electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling in the
    RF portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is used to transmit
    signals.

•   An RFID system consists of an antenna and a transceiver,
    which read the radio frequency and transfer the information to
    a processing device, and a transponder, or tag, which is an
    integrated circuit containing the RF circuitry and information to
    be transmitted.

•   Used for inventory management, IT asset tracking, race timing,
    passports, mobile payments, transportation and logistics,
    animal identification, museums, libraries etc.
Differences between RFID and
                barcode
•   It has for each individual product a
    unique number, whereas barcode
    labels have the same serial number for
    all identical items.

•   More than one RFID tag can be read at
    a time and can be read from quite long
    distance from the reader, whereas
    barcodes can be read just one time for
    each item and have a low reading
    distance from the reader.

•   Barcodes have fixed numbers and each
    figure does not necessarily write to the
    computer when scanned if the
    computer loses this figure. Silicon chips
    make the RFID system much more
    flexible to be re-programmed when
    necessary
Benefits of RFID
•   For instance, Wal-Mart stores manage to save $600 million annually
    by applying an RFID system.

•   A recent study at Wal-Mart stores shows that the RFID system is
    more successful in replenishing out-of-stocks by 63% than stores
    without RFID . Furthermore, it is emphases the fact that there was a
    reduction in out-of-stock by 16 percent in this period. Also, the study
    shows important profit on investment by increasing the sales made.
•   Increased focus on selling.

•   It can reduce the waiting time of the shoppers inside a shopping
    queue and allow goods to be checked immediately and
    automatically
Benefits of RFID
•   RFID tags can also be used to fight counterfeiting (Traditional
    production devices such as holograms and chemical tags are now
    being copied by counterfeiters.). The counterfeiting business makes
    up 5-7% of world trade and costs retailers more than 500 billion Euros
    a year. GlaxoSmith, is tagging some drugs like Trizivir to reduce fraud

•   The smart tags allow retailers to monitor products’ availability on the
    retail shelf especially during high selling seasons/perishable products.
    Because the retail shelf space is limited, RFID tags assist the retailers
    by enabling smart inventory management between the retail shelf and
    backroom stock

•   In addition, RFID tags are useful for retailers with smart shelves that
    have inbuilt RFID scanners to organize the products that are placed on
    the wrong shelf as well as satisfy customers demand
RFID- Challenges
•   The cost of tags can be a barrier to retailers in adopting RFID
    technology, particularly at the individual item level but the cost are
    coming down . For example, in 2000, the price of tags cost from $1 to
    $100 based on the type of the tag, but in 2006 they cost from 20 cents
    to $20

•   Lack of internationally agreed RFID standards-However, in June 2004
    EPC global developed agreed protocols on the type of tag that
    concentrated on the read rate and the frequency of tags.

•   Privacy concerns from civil liberties groups - RFID could be used to
    allow retailers to gather information from customers. This kind of
    information allows the retailers to control the consumers’ behaviour

•   A security concern : For example, when the RFID tag is designed to
    read at a distance of one foot, attackers have the ability to read this
    signal in the region of 100 feet with the use of this special equipment.
    Solution for this is in attempting to kill the tag. A simple solution can
    be making a small change in the information that is on the tag.

•   Wrong billing of some previously purchased item
Stores Administration & Facilities
                Management
It includes

•   Cleanliness of stores

•   Maintenance of Store Facades & displays

•   Time Keeping of staff

•   Required Permission & Licenses

•   Health & Safety Norms

•   Store Security

•   Insurance
Stores Administration & Facilities
            Management - Licenses
License         Subject             Issuing           For Retail
                                    Authority         format
Registration    Under Shops &       BMC Ward          Supermarket/
Certificate     Establishments      Office            Department
                Act                                   Store
Trade License   Edible Oil, Ready BMC Ward            Supermarket
                made ice creams , Office
                sweets &
                chocolates
Dairy License   License for cow,    Public Health     Supermarket
                buffalo milk        Deptt of BMC
License for     License for items   Market &          Supermarket
frozen items    like fish,          Slaughter Deptt
                mutton,etc          of BMC
Stores Administration & Facilities
           Management - Licenses
License        Subject                Issuing          For Retail
                                      Authority        format

License for    For retail sales of    Deptt of Civil   Supermarket
rationing      pulses, food-grains,   Supplies
               sugar,etc

License for    License for weighing   Inspector-       Supermarket/
Weights &      machines               Weights &        Department
Measures                              Measures         Store
Central        Registration under     Sales Tax        Supermarket/
Sales Tax      Central Sales Tax      Office           Department
Registration                                           Store
VAT /          Registration under Sec Sales Tax        Supermarket/
Mumbai         22/22A of Mumbai       Office           Department
Sales Tax      sales Tax Act                           Store
Registration
Stores Administration & Facilities
           Management- Insurance
Insurance against theft, fire, floods, riots, earthquake, etc.
Policy to be carefully formalized to cover all potential risks
Insurance – for 3 things

• Building & Infrastructure

• Inventory

• Cash ( In store & banking)
Shrinkage Prevention
Categories of theft - worldwide
• Health & Beauty products
• Jewellery & Compact discs


Categories of theft - India
• Chocolates
• Cigarettes
• Blades
Shrinkage Prevention
Proportion of shrinkage –

• International – 0.6 to 1.5%

• India- 0.7%
Shrinkage Prevention
Ways to prevent

• Personal Monitoring by Security Personnel

• Cameras to monitor

• Use of source tagging –Small anti-theft labels are
  hidden inside a product or packaging by
  manufacturer
Shrinkage Prevention- RFID
•   RFID provides improvement of security. The
    use of RFID tag to expensive items can
    provide an outlet with increased security
    and can drastically reduce shrinkage
    through theft .

•   It also helps to do a quick and exact
    inventory account for the items and this
    significantly reduces the time and labor
    costs associated with inventory

•   RFID tags can alert security guards if a
    stock has been suddenly removed by
    shoplifters

•   Furthermore, security can be enhanced
    through RFID readers that automatically
    charge items in a customer trolley to a
    credit or debit card, thus reducing theft
    when items are concealed.
Visual Merchandising & Displays

• Known as Silent Salesman



• Art of suggestive selling by display & presentation
Visual Merchandising & Displays
  Profits


                                                  In- store
            Sales

                                  20%
                    Big Spender

                                        40%
                             Spender

Loyal Shopper
                                        Browser     80%
   15%

                                                  Passer by   100 %




 The Customer stickiness Progression Model
Visual Merchandising &
            Displays- Role
• Planning the VM theme and creating displays

• Arranging props for displays

• Arranging display fixtures and lighting

• Setting up store before opening

• Working with floor plan and stores requirement

• Training personnel on sales floor to create display

• Organizing merchandising units such as racks and shelves
Displays
•   Window Displays-
    Exclusive windows (closed backdrop with a theme and seasonal
    motif
     Open windows ( Without backdrop and passerby can see interior of
    store) E.g. Apparel & Related accessories
Displays
•   In store Displays

    Live display-Live models used, e.g. Kids Kemp in Bangalore using
    Cartoon characters to attract kids

    Marqee Display- Example –Gillette Mach 3 stalls at Malls
Displays

• In store displays

  Free Standing/Island displays – Inside the store
  at the entrance to announce new arrivals
  /special offers –E.g. Pantaloons –Denims kept
  at entrance

  Counter displays – For jewellery and watches
Displays
Brand Corners- For display of
exclusive brands or devoted
space in shelves or gondolas . Ex.
Arrow / Zodiac at Shopper’s Stop

End Cap Displays – At terminal
side of gondolas – both at entry
and exit . Used in book stores

Cascade & Waterfall display – Ex.
for Blazers, Jackets ,etc.
Thanks

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Final+retail+stores+operations

  • 1. RETAIL STORES OPERATIONS NAME ROLL NUMBER ASHISH DHOBAL 12 GOPI KRISHNA 19 SHASHANK KAPDEO 23 NIRAJ MAKHE 30 JIGNESH MALKAN 31 ABHISHEK KUMAR 28
  • 2. Tasks performed at the store level Store Administration and management of premises Receiving & Providing customer displaying Recording sales goods shopping Experience Managing alliance and partnerships
  • 3. Significant Areas Of Retail Operations 1. Customer Service and Accommodation. 2. Retail selling Process. 3. Store Staffing & Scheduling. 4. Retail Floor & Shelf Management. 5. Stores Administration & Facilities Management. 6. Warehousing & Supply Chain Management. 7. Loss ( Shrinkage ) Prevention. 8. POS/ Cashiering Process. 9. Visual Merchandising and Displays.
  • 4. Areas of Retail Operation covered • Check out Management • Stores Administration & Facilities Management • Loss ( Shrinkage ) Prevention. • Visual Merchandising and Displays.
  • 5. Stores Operating Parameters To Evaluate Day to day operations of Stores , Dip stick parameters are used to measure retail performance. They enable retailers to find out health of specific area of operation. Parameters • Customer Transactions • Stocks • Space • Employees
  • 6. Stores Operating Parameters - Customer Transactions • Customer Conversion Ratio Number of Transactions ------------------------------- * 100 Customer Traffic This reflects retailer’s ability to turn potential customers into buyers . • Returns to Net Sales Total Return & Allowances ----------------------------------- * 100 Net Sales This reflects customer’s satisfaction by showing value of returned goods and allowances as a percentage of net sales
  • 7. Stores Operating Parameters- Customer Transactions • Transactions per hour No. of transactions ----------------------------------- No. of hours This helps retailers to keep track of the no. of transactions they are carrying out per hour , day ,week or season. • Sales Per Transaction Net Sales ------------------------------------- No. of transactions This measure gives the rupee value of average sales, net of returns and allowances
  • 8. Stores Operating Parameters- Customer Transactions • Hourly customer traffic Customer traffic in ----------------------------------- No. of hours This is used to track total customer traffic per hour, day, week or season
  • 9. Stores Operating Parameters- Stocks • Avg. Selling Price Total value of goods sold ÷ Total Qty. Sold • Avg. Stock Price Total value of goods in stock ÷ Total Qty. in stock • Stock Turnover/ Inventory Turnover Ratio Net Sales ÷ Avg. Retail value of inventory • Percentage Inventory Carrying Cost (Inventory Carrying Cost ÷ Net Sales) * 100
  • 10. Stores Operating Parameters- Stocks • Gross Margin Return on inventory Gross Margin ÷ Avg. Value of Inventory • Mark Down Goods Percentage (Net Sales at Mark Down ÷ Total Net Sales) * 100 • Shrinkage to Net Sales (Actual Inventory – Booked Inventory) -------------------------------------------------- * 100 Net Sales
  • 11. Stores Operating Parameters- Space • Occupancy Cost per Sq. Ft. Selling Space Occupancy Cost ÷ Sq. ft. of Selling Space • Sales Per Sq. Ft. Net Sales ÷ Sq. ft. of Selling Space • Stock Per Sq. Ft. Net Stock ÷ Sq. ft. of Selling Space • Percentage of selling space (Selling space in sq. ft. ÷ Total space in sq. ft.) * 100
  • 12. Stores Operating Parameters- Employees • Net Sales per full time employee Net Sales ÷ Total no. of FT employees • Space Covered/ Customers Saved per FT Employee ( Total Retailing Space /No. of customers served ) ÷ Total no. of FT employees • Labor Productivity Total Labor Cost ----------------------- * 100 Net Sales
  • 13. Stores Operating Parameters- Employees • Gross Margin per full time employee Total Gross Margin ÷ Total no. of FT employees • Suppliers /Quantity or Value purchased per buyer Total Suppliers /Quantity or Value purchased ÷ Total no. Buyers
  • 14. Check out Management Traditional Methods • Minimum Cash at cash counters • Cash balance to be updated by Computer • IT/Skill Management • Keeping eye on cashier from distance • No authority to cancel • Change( Chiller) Management
  • 15. Check out Management New Methods
  • 16. Check out Management Cash Register Express Cash Register Express (or CRE) is a cost-effective computerized cash register that keeps your inventory costs down, reduces theft and makes more money! CRE is Windows-based POS system exclusively for retail and video stores. Features : Easy to use: Fast lookups by barcode or name Built-in help system Bar-code ready Credit card processing with IC Verify Built-in backup Salesperson tracking Time clock Handles multiple clerks Handles multiple cash drawers Password protection
  • 17. Check out Management Broad compatibility Microsoft Access compatible Quickbooks compatible Helps manage customer accounts Detailed customer history Customer quick search Promotions for preferred customers Family memberships Coupon plans Gift certificates Mailing labels Management flexibility Flexible pricing Flexible taxing Sophisticated reporting Detailed inventory reports Management reports Financial summaries
  • 18. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) • Short for radio frequency identification, a technology similar in theory to bar code identification. • With RFID, the electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling in the RF portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is used to transmit signals. • An RFID system consists of an antenna and a transceiver, which read the radio frequency and transfer the information to a processing device, and a transponder, or tag, which is an integrated circuit containing the RF circuitry and information to be transmitted. • Used for inventory management, IT asset tracking, race timing, passports, mobile payments, transportation and logistics, animal identification, museums, libraries etc.
  • 19. Differences between RFID and barcode • It has for each individual product a unique number, whereas barcode labels have the same serial number for all identical items. • More than one RFID tag can be read at a time and can be read from quite long distance from the reader, whereas barcodes can be read just one time for each item and have a low reading distance from the reader. • Barcodes have fixed numbers and each figure does not necessarily write to the computer when scanned if the computer loses this figure. Silicon chips make the RFID system much more flexible to be re-programmed when necessary
  • 20. Benefits of RFID • For instance, Wal-Mart stores manage to save $600 million annually by applying an RFID system. • A recent study at Wal-Mart stores shows that the RFID system is more successful in replenishing out-of-stocks by 63% than stores without RFID . Furthermore, it is emphases the fact that there was a reduction in out-of-stock by 16 percent in this period. Also, the study shows important profit on investment by increasing the sales made. • Increased focus on selling. • It can reduce the waiting time of the shoppers inside a shopping queue and allow goods to be checked immediately and automatically
  • 21. Benefits of RFID • RFID tags can also be used to fight counterfeiting (Traditional production devices such as holograms and chemical tags are now being copied by counterfeiters.). The counterfeiting business makes up 5-7% of world trade and costs retailers more than 500 billion Euros a year. GlaxoSmith, is tagging some drugs like Trizivir to reduce fraud • The smart tags allow retailers to monitor products’ availability on the retail shelf especially during high selling seasons/perishable products. Because the retail shelf space is limited, RFID tags assist the retailers by enabling smart inventory management between the retail shelf and backroom stock • In addition, RFID tags are useful for retailers with smart shelves that have inbuilt RFID scanners to organize the products that are placed on the wrong shelf as well as satisfy customers demand
  • 22. RFID- Challenges • The cost of tags can be a barrier to retailers in adopting RFID technology, particularly at the individual item level but the cost are coming down . For example, in 2000, the price of tags cost from $1 to $100 based on the type of the tag, but in 2006 they cost from 20 cents to $20 • Lack of internationally agreed RFID standards-However, in June 2004 EPC global developed agreed protocols on the type of tag that concentrated on the read rate and the frequency of tags. • Privacy concerns from civil liberties groups - RFID could be used to allow retailers to gather information from customers. This kind of information allows the retailers to control the consumers’ behaviour • A security concern : For example, when the RFID tag is designed to read at a distance of one foot, attackers have the ability to read this signal in the region of 100 feet with the use of this special equipment. Solution for this is in attempting to kill the tag. A simple solution can be making a small change in the information that is on the tag. • Wrong billing of some previously purchased item
  • 23. Stores Administration & Facilities Management It includes • Cleanliness of stores • Maintenance of Store Facades & displays • Time Keeping of staff • Required Permission & Licenses • Health & Safety Norms • Store Security • Insurance
  • 24. Stores Administration & Facilities Management - Licenses License Subject Issuing For Retail Authority format Registration Under Shops & BMC Ward Supermarket/ Certificate Establishments Office Department Act Store Trade License Edible Oil, Ready BMC Ward Supermarket made ice creams , Office sweets & chocolates Dairy License License for cow, Public Health Supermarket buffalo milk Deptt of BMC License for License for items Market & Supermarket frozen items like fish, Slaughter Deptt mutton,etc of BMC
  • 25. Stores Administration & Facilities Management - Licenses License Subject Issuing For Retail Authority format License for For retail sales of Deptt of Civil Supermarket rationing pulses, food-grains, Supplies sugar,etc License for License for weighing Inspector- Supermarket/ Weights & machines Weights & Department Measures Measures Store Central Registration under Sales Tax Supermarket/ Sales Tax Central Sales Tax Office Department Registration Store VAT / Registration under Sec Sales Tax Supermarket/ Mumbai 22/22A of Mumbai Office Department Sales Tax sales Tax Act Store Registration
  • 26. Stores Administration & Facilities Management- Insurance Insurance against theft, fire, floods, riots, earthquake, etc. Policy to be carefully formalized to cover all potential risks Insurance – for 3 things • Building & Infrastructure • Inventory • Cash ( In store & banking)
  • 27. Shrinkage Prevention Categories of theft - worldwide • Health & Beauty products • Jewellery & Compact discs Categories of theft - India • Chocolates • Cigarettes • Blades
  • 28. Shrinkage Prevention Proportion of shrinkage – • International – 0.6 to 1.5% • India- 0.7%
  • 29. Shrinkage Prevention Ways to prevent • Personal Monitoring by Security Personnel • Cameras to monitor • Use of source tagging –Small anti-theft labels are hidden inside a product or packaging by manufacturer
  • 30. Shrinkage Prevention- RFID • RFID provides improvement of security. The use of RFID tag to expensive items can provide an outlet with increased security and can drastically reduce shrinkage through theft . • It also helps to do a quick and exact inventory account for the items and this significantly reduces the time and labor costs associated with inventory • RFID tags can alert security guards if a stock has been suddenly removed by shoplifters • Furthermore, security can be enhanced through RFID readers that automatically charge items in a customer trolley to a credit or debit card, thus reducing theft when items are concealed.
  • 31. Visual Merchandising & Displays • Known as Silent Salesman • Art of suggestive selling by display & presentation
  • 32. Visual Merchandising & Displays Profits In- store Sales 20% Big Spender 40% Spender Loyal Shopper Browser 80% 15% Passer by 100 % The Customer stickiness Progression Model
  • 33. Visual Merchandising & Displays- Role • Planning the VM theme and creating displays • Arranging props for displays • Arranging display fixtures and lighting • Setting up store before opening • Working with floor plan and stores requirement • Training personnel on sales floor to create display • Organizing merchandising units such as racks and shelves
  • 34. Displays • Window Displays- Exclusive windows (closed backdrop with a theme and seasonal motif Open windows ( Without backdrop and passerby can see interior of store) E.g. Apparel & Related accessories
  • 35. Displays • In store Displays Live display-Live models used, e.g. Kids Kemp in Bangalore using Cartoon characters to attract kids Marqee Display- Example –Gillette Mach 3 stalls at Malls
  • 36. Displays • In store displays Free Standing/Island displays – Inside the store at the entrance to announce new arrivals /special offers –E.g. Pantaloons –Denims kept at entrance Counter displays – For jewellery and watches
  • 37. Displays Brand Corners- For display of exclusive brands or devoted space in shelves or gondolas . Ex. Arrow / Zodiac at Shopper’s Stop End Cap Displays – At terminal side of gondolas – both at entry and exit . Used in book stores Cascade & Waterfall display – Ex. for Blazers, Jackets ,etc.