EUROPEAN FUNDING FOR CYCLING INITIATIVES
IN NEW EU MEMBER STATES (CEE10+)
Current status and perspectives for improvement
Andrzej B.Piotrowicz
Brussels,
Brussels, 12th May 2009
ssel

AGENDA
A VISION OF THE END
DIAGNOSED CHALLENGES
ACTUAL DEVELOPMENTS
PROPOSED RECOMMENDATIONS
PROMOTION EDUCATION & PROMOTION
CONCLUDING REMARKS

A VISION OF THE END

IS EUROPEAN FUNDING IN NEW MEMBER STATES
FACILITATING CYCLING IN CITIES?
Source: http://www.goldenline.pl/forum/gielda/549168/s/6

CENTRAL AND EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES (CEE 10+)
Bulgaria
The Czech Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
+ Belarus and Ukraine
EU members since May 2004, January 2007 and …. 201...?
Source: authors’ own collection

POPULATION
7,26 M 10,22 M 1,30 M 9,93 M 2,24 M 3,56 M
Bulgaria Czech Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania
Republic
38,50 M 22,24 M 5,45 M 2,00 M 9,68 M 45,99 M
Poland Romania Slovakia Slovenia Belarus Ukraine
158 M POTENTIAL CYCLISTS
Source: http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_pa%C5%84stw_%C5%9Bwiata_wed%C5%82ug_liczby_ludno%C5%9Bci

PYRAMID OF GOALS IN A BICYCLE DESTINATION
CYCLING TOURISTS – WHO THEY ARE
HOLIDAY
DESTINATION
SHORT TRIP
DESTINATION
DAY TRIP
DESTINATION FOR RESIDENTS
AND TOURISTS
RECREATION AREA
FOR THE LOCAL POPULATION
EVERYDAY USE AREA FOR THE LOCAL POPULATION
Source: Claudia Krieger, Touristische Projekte. Cycling Tourists, Who they are,
what they want and how they improve regional economy, Velo-city Munich 2007

NINE MILLION DAILY URBAN
CYCLOCHIC ENTHUSIASTS
Source: authors’ own collection
and http://www.rmf.fm/fakty/pic.html?id=154515&img=154515_n_mi.jpg
and http://www.bicyclekingdom.com/bicycle/nine_million_bicycles_Beijing.htm

DIAGNOSED CHALLENGES

BACKWARDNESS
– A CHALLENGE OR AN OPPORTUNITY
LOW MOTORIZATION LEVELS
HIGH LEVEL
OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT USE
LACK OF FUNDS
BUT ACCESS TO EU FUNDING
WILL SOLVE ALL PROBLEMS
Source: authors’ own collection

FEATURES OF ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE
HIGH POWER DISTANCE
low readiness to communicate
with low ranking guys and gals
HIGH UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE
low tolerance of ambiguity and innovation
HIGH MASCULINITY
large and fast is beautiful
Source: Hofstede, Geert and Hofstede, Gert-Jan. Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. New York: McGraw-Hill U.S.A., 2004
http://gbuddy.blogspot.com/2006_09_01_archive.html

LADDER OF CIVIC INVOLVEMENT
CIVIC PARTICIPATION
CIVIC CONTROL
EMPOWER MENT OF REPRESENTATIVES
PARTNERSHIP
SYMBOLIC PARTICIPATION
CONSULTATIONS
INFORMATION DISSEMINATION
PASSIVITY
NO PARTICIPATION
TREATMENT
MANIPULATION /CLAIMING ATTITUDE
Source: Denvall, V. & Salonen, T. (2000)
Att bryta vanans makt: Framtidsverkstäder .
(Breaking with the force of the habits: Future workshops) Studentlitteratur. Lund

NGOS DEVELOPMENT STAGES
1
Management Full participation in civic life
Stage 4
of partnerships
14
Development Planned activities
Stage 3 of professionalism for the local community
25
Creation and development % of NGOs
Co-
Co-operation of co-operation capacity in particular
Stage 2 capacity building supporting environment development
of the sector stages in
Poland 60
Spontaneous Initial stage
Stage 1 of quantitative growth
altruism
Source: authors’ own collection

IDENTIFICATION OF THE NEED OF STRATEGIC REFLECTION
REFLECTION LEVELS
AXIOLOGICAL LEVEL
POLITICAL LEVEL
STRATEGIC LEVEL
TACTICAL LEVEL
TIMEFRAMES
OPERATIONAL LEVEL
MINUTES DAYS YEARS TERMS OF GENERATIONS
OFFICE
Source: Authors’ own considerations on the basis of Władysław Findeisen and krzysztof Zawalski

HIGH NUMBER OF PRESIDENTS,
NOBODY TO TALK ABOUT PARTNER RELATIONS
ORGANISATIONAL CHARTS
Source: http://gbuddy.blogspot.com/2006_09_01_archive.html

DEADLINE IS DEADLINE !
Source: http://blog.sumptuouscapital.com/2006/09/28/deadline-is-deadline/

VICIOUS CIRCLE OF TRANSPORT ARGUMENTATION
MODEST SHARE OF CYCLING HIGH SHARE OF CAR
JOURNEYS IN MODAL SPLIT JOURNEYS IN MODAL SPLIT
MODEST RESOURCES DEVOTED SUBSTANTIAL RESOURCES
TO CREATION OF CYCLING DEVOTED FOR CREATION OF CAR
FACILITIES TRANSPORT FACILITIES
LOW COMPETITIVENESS HIGH COMPETITIVENESS
OF CYCLING JOURNEYS OF CAR TRANSPORT
Source: Johanna Kallioinen „Institutional position of cycling in transport planning”,
paper presented at the Velo-city, Congress, Paris 2003

2007-
EU FUNDS DEVOTED TO CEE 10 IN 2007-2013
181 734 BLN EUR
BLN EUR
National Level Regional programmes Cross-border, transnational and interregional co-operation
60 000
50 559
50 000
40 000
30 000
20 746 20 048 18 916
18 260
20 000
9 871
6 624 5 754 5 530 6 592 6 787
10 000 3 611 3 935
470 360 385 284 326 1 802
338
212 84 121 119
0
Bulgaria Czech Estonia Latvia Lithuania Hungary Poland Romania Slovenia Slovakia
Republic
Source: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/atlas2007/index_en.htm’

FUNDS DEVOTED TO TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
DEVELOPMENT IN CEE 10+ AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL
30 000
26 075
24 484
25 000
20 000
15 000
13 953
13 219
Transport
10 939 Other Programmes
10 000
7 321 6 793
5 697 6 026
5 313
4 621 4 529
3 845
5 000 2 859 2 993
2 003
1 279 1 076 1 001 618
0
Poland Hungary Czech Romania Slovakia Bulgaria Lithuania Slovenia Latvia Estonia
Republic
Source: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/atlas2007/index_en.htm’

CHANGES IN MOTORIZATION
RATE IN CEE 10 FROM 1997 TO 2006
Motorisation rate
(passenger cars/1000 inhabitants)
489
468
444
500
412
401
392
450
358
351
345
341
400
329
326
304
298
293
286
350
275
263
248
247
229
243
243
240
238
300
223
221
211
207
1997
250
174
167
147
200 2001
115
150 2006
100
50
0
Source: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-DK-08-001/EN/KS-DK-08-001-EN.PDF

CHALLENGES TO COPE WITH IN URBAN OR …
Source: authors’ own collection

…RURAL ENVIRONMENT
Source: Prof. Jan Burnewicz – University of Gdańsk

ACTUAL DEVELOPMENTS

CYCLING AND INNOVATION – A CLEAR SYNERGY
COUNTRY RANK
Denmark 1
Finland 2
Sweden 3
Netherland 4
Germany 5
Un. Kingdom 6
Austria 7
In 2000, EU declared Luxembourg 8
France 9
their intention to make EU Belgium 10
“the most competitive Ireland 11
Estonia 12
and dynamic knowledge Portugal 13
world”
- based economy in the world” Czech.Republik 14
Spain 15
Slovenia 16
Hungary 17
Slovak.Re 18
Malta 19
Lithuania 20
Cyprus 21
Latvia 22
Greece 23
Italy 24
Poland 25
Source: The Lisbon Review 2006

PARADOXICAL INNOVATION
CAR ORIENTED
CYCLING POLICY
Off-road cycling tracks built
not to make cyclists happy
but to keep them off the road
so that they do not irritate
car dependent people
Cycling tracks closed for cyclists during the
European In Town- Without My Car Day 2007,
Szczecin, Western Pomerania, Poland
Source: http://infobike.pl/text.php?id=20385

STAKEHOLDERS IN THE CYCLING GAME
Source: http://www.rowery.org.pl/poznan/index.htm

CERTAIN QUOTATIONS
DECISION • No cycling promotion before the whole cycling network is completed
• Little girls on children’s bikes endanger car drivers in housing areas
MAKERS
URBAN AND • Cycling is only a form of recreation
• Cycling tourism is ONLY for the young & the fit
TRAFFIC • Cycling against traffic on one way streets provokes dangers
PLANNERS
ACADEMIC • Climate in Poland is not favourable for cycling
CIRCLES • There is no such thing like transport demand management
Source: authors’ own collection

METAMPSYCHOSIS
OPPONENTS
of cycling promotion policies
easily change their approach
CLAIMING to represent
either motorists
or pedestrians and vice versa
Source: http://www.rowery.gdansk.pl/

ISOLATIONISM AND MARGINALISATION
Cycling infrastructure built to
KEEP CYCLISTS OFF THE CARRIAGEWAY
(so that they do not irritate motorists)
Cycling tracks construction
used as a way to FINANCE
SUBTERRANEAN NETWORKS
sewage, water, electricity and gas supply systems
MARGINALISATION OF CYCLING
in the process of infrastructure
modernisation process
Source: http://infobike.pl/text.php?id=20385

MISALLOCATION OF RESOURCES – WASTE OF FUNDS
EU funds devoted to finance
LARGE URBAN ROAD
INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
When public transport infrastructure
projects are undertaken, cyclists are
either neglected or marginalised
PARK AND RIDE YES
BIKE AND RIDE NO
Source: http://www.pkp.pl/files/IMG_0340.jpg & http://www.pkp.pl/files/IMG_0338.jpg

CEE 10 –SPECIFIC BARRIERS PREVENTING ACCESS TO
RESOURCES
Cycling advocacy NGOs
LACK RESOURCES to finance
local contributions in EU
projects
Bank guarantee requirements
Refinancing instead
of advance payments
RESULTS:
SMALL FRACTION OF RESOURCES ACTUALLY USED
Source: http://infobike.pl/text.php?id=20385

PROPOSED RECOMMENDATIONS

INTEGRATED APPROACH PROPOSED BY THE EU
REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
IS THE AIM
PROMOTION OF CYCLING
IS A WAY TO ATTAIN IT
Source: BYPAD portal materials

THE SECRET OF SUCCESS
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
Tarja Halonen
The President of Finland,
when asked what is
the secret of Finnish success
Source: authors’ own collection

PROMOTING
EDUCATION & PROMOTION

FROM ENGINEERING …
Source: Cycling England (thanks to Alex Sully)

… TO PROMOTION ADDRESSED TO….
Source: (1) http://forums.roadbikereview.com/showthread.php?t=157797
(2) http://www.cyclehero.com (thanks to Kevin Mayne)

… COMMON PEOPLE
Source: Department of Promotion of the city of Tczew

CONCLUDING REMARKS

NO NOTE, NO RESULT
&
GRASSROOT MONITORING
Cycling is a SEXY tool
of regional development
GREEN PAPERS ON CYCLING
AND WALKING should be
developed and implemented
in all car oriented constituencies
Creation and support of
the “Cycle –Watch” function
of local cycling advocate organizations
(civic monitoring of EU-funded cycling policies and initiatives)
Source: http://www.enjoyart.com/single_posters/bicycling/CyclesOnyxVintageGicleeArtPrint.htm

EU-
EU-15 BASED CYCLING KNOW-HOW
KNOW-
BYPAD AUDIT
an indispensable condition
for providing funding
for cycling initiatives
PROPHETS ARE RARELY
RECOGNISED IN THEIR OWN LAND
Obligatory inclusion of the
EU-
EU-15 experts in all cycling
and walking initiatives
in the CEE10+
Source: http://www.tcz.pl/index.php?akcja=wiadomosci&art=05216d30cbbb389&tyt=Ruszyl/pionierski/w/skali/kraju/audyt/rowerowy

BENEFITS EXPECTED FROM THE PROPOSED MEASURES:
MEASURES:
Mitigation of the
itigation
GLOBAL WARMING
threat in the CEE 10+
Cycling as a factor
contributing to the
QUALITY OF URBAN LIFE
Enhancement of
CIVIC SOLIDARITY in Europe
Source: authors’ own collection

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

THIS PRESENTATION WAS PREPARED BY :
PIOTR KUROPATWIŃSKI +48 501 069 616 pkuropatwinski@pswe.org
ANDRZEJ B. PIOTROWICZ +48 502 200 559 apiotrowicz@pswe.org