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"Harappan civilization"
"Harappan civilization"
"Harappan civilization"
"Harappan civilization"
The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze age civilization extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan 
to Pakistan and northwest India .Along with Ancient Egypt andMesopotamia it was one of three early civilizations of 
the old world, and of the three the most widespread, covering an area of 1.25 million sq. km. It flourished in the basins 
of the Indus River. Inhabitants of the ancient Indus river valley developed new techniques in handicraft and 
metallurgy. The Indus cities are noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, 
water supply systems, and clusters of large non-residential buildings. 
The Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilization, after Harappa, the first of its sites to be 
excavated in the 1920s, in what was then the Punjab province of British India, and is now in Pakistan. 
The Harappan language is not directly attested and its affiliation is uncertain since the Indus script is still un 
deciphered.
"Harappan civilization"
"Harappan civilization"
"Harappan civilization"
Social and Economic Life of Indus Valley Civilization 
The social and economic life of the people of Indus 
Valley Civilization (Harappan Civilization) was 
systematic and organized. In this article we will 
discuss about the food, social Dress, ornaments, 
house hold articles, amusements, trade, social class 
and structure, religion and funerary customs of the 
people of Indus Valley Civilization. This will give us 
an overview of the Socio-economic activities of the 
Indus People.
"Harappan civilization"
GREAT BATH 
The Great Bath of Mohenjo-Daro is called the 
"earliest public water tank of the ancient 
world“. The Great Bath measures 11.88 meters 
x 7.01 meters, and has a maximum depth of 
2.43 meters. Two wide staircases, one from 
the north and one from the south, served as 
the entry to the structure. A 1 meter wide and 
40 centimeters mound is present at end of 
these stairs.
"Harappan civilization"
"Harappan civilization"
The Harappans were excellent city planners. They based 
their city streets on a grid system. Streets were oriented 
east to west. Each street had a well organized drain system. 
If the drains were not cleaned, the water ran into the houses 
and silt built up. Then the Harappans would build another 
story on top of it. This raised the level of the city over the 
years, and today archaeologists call these high structures 
"mounds".
"Harappan civilization"
Marshall identified the figure as an early form of the 
Hindu god Shiva (or Rudra), who is associated with 
asceticism, yoga, and linga; regarded as a lord of 
animals; and often depicted as having three heads. 
The seal has hence come to be known as 
the Pashupati Seal, after Pashupati (lord of the 
beasts), an epithet of Shiva.
Marshall hypothesized the existence of a cult of 
Mother Goddess worship based upon excavation of 
several female figurines, and thought that this was a 
precursor of the Hindu sect of Shaktism.
"Harappan civilization"
Trade amongst the civilizations is also suggested by the finding of 
hundreds of small seals, supposedly produced by the Indus peoples, at 
the excavation sites of ancient Mesopotamian cities that were existent 
around the same time. These ancient seals generally are two sided and 
square shaped. The dimensions of the seals vary; however, most are 
less than two by two inches. Generally, these seals are created using 
steatite and reliable curing methods. Occasionally though, silver and 
other materials were used for construction and perhaps pigment.
"Harappan civilization"
Lothal (Gujarat): is one of the most prominent cities of the 
ancient Indus valley civilization. Located in Bhal region of 
the modern state of Gujarat and dating from 2400 BCE. 
Discovered in 1954, Lothal was excavated from 13 February 
1955 to 19 May 1960 by the Archaeological Survey of India 
(ASI), the official Indian government agency for the 
preservation of ancient monuments. Lothal's dock—the 
world's earliest known, connected the city to an ancient 
course of the Sabarmati river on the trade route between 
Harappan cities in Sindh and the peninsula of Saurashtra 
when the surrounding Kutch desert of today was a part of 
the Arabian Sea.
"Harappan civilization"
Mohenjo-Daro (Mound of the Dead) : is an archeological site in the 
province of Sindh, Pakistan. Built around 2600 BCE, it was 
one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley 
Civilization, and one of the world's earliest major urban 
settlements, contemporaneous with the civilizations of 
ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Crete. Mohenjo-Daro was 
abandoned in the 19th century BCE, and was not 
rediscovered until 1922. Significant excavation has since 
been conducted at the site of the city, which was designated 
a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980. The site is currently 
threatened by erosion and improper restoration.
"Harappan civilization"

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"Harappan civilization"

  • 5. The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze age civilization extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India .Along with Ancient Egypt andMesopotamia it was one of three early civilizations of the old world, and of the three the most widespread, covering an area of 1.25 million sq. km. It flourished in the basins of the Indus River. Inhabitants of the ancient Indus river valley developed new techniques in handicraft and metallurgy. The Indus cities are noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, and clusters of large non-residential buildings. The Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilization, after Harappa, the first of its sites to be excavated in the 1920s, in what was then the Punjab province of British India, and is now in Pakistan. The Harappan language is not directly attested and its affiliation is uncertain since the Indus script is still un deciphered.
  • 9. Social and Economic Life of Indus Valley Civilization The social and economic life of the people of Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan Civilization) was systematic and organized. In this article we will discuss about the food, social Dress, ornaments, house hold articles, amusements, trade, social class and structure, religion and funerary customs of the people of Indus Valley Civilization. This will give us an overview of the Socio-economic activities of the Indus People.
  • 11. GREAT BATH The Great Bath of Mohenjo-Daro is called the "earliest public water tank of the ancient world“. The Great Bath measures 11.88 meters x 7.01 meters, and has a maximum depth of 2.43 meters. Two wide staircases, one from the north and one from the south, served as the entry to the structure. A 1 meter wide and 40 centimeters mound is present at end of these stairs.
  • 14. The Harappans were excellent city planners. They based their city streets on a grid system. Streets were oriented east to west. Each street had a well organized drain system. If the drains were not cleaned, the water ran into the houses and silt built up. Then the Harappans would build another story on top of it. This raised the level of the city over the years, and today archaeologists call these high structures "mounds".
  • 16. Marshall identified the figure as an early form of the Hindu god Shiva (or Rudra), who is associated with asceticism, yoga, and linga; regarded as a lord of animals; and often depicted as having three heads. The seal has hence come to be known as the Pashupati Seal, after Pashupati (lord of the beasts), an epithet of Shiva.
  • 17. Marshall hypothesized the existence of a cult of Mother Goddess worship based upon excavation of several female figurines, and thought that this was a precursor of the Hindu sect of Shaktism.
  • 19. Trade amongst the civilizations is also suggested by the finding of hundreds of small seals, supposedly produced by the Indus peoples, at the excavation sites of ancient Mesopotamian cities that were existent around the same time. These ancient seals generally are two sided and square shaped. The dimensions of the seals vary; however, most are less than two by two inches. Generally, these seals are created using steatite and reliable curing methods. Occasionally though, silver and other materials were used for construction and perhaps pigment.
  • 21. Lothal (Gujarat): is one of the most prominent cities of the ancient Indus valley civilization. Located in Bhal region of the modern state of Gujarat and dating from 2400 BCE. Discovered in 1954, Lothal was excavated from 13 February 1955 to 19 May 1960 by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), the official Indian government agency for the preservation of ancient monuments. Lothal's dock—the world's earliest known, connected the city to an ancient course of the Sabarmati river on the trade route between Harappan cities in Sindh and the peninsula of Saurashtra when the surrounding Kutch desert of today was a part of the Arabian Sea.
  • 23. Mohenjo-Daro (Mound of the Dead) : is an archeological site in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Built around 2600 BCE, it was one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, and one of the world's earliest major urban settlements, contemporaneous with the civilizations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Crete. Mohenjo-Daro was abandoned in the 19th century BCE, and was not rediscovered until 1922. Significant excavation has since been conducted at the site of the city, which was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980. The site is currently threatened by erosion and improper restoration.