English review start

The Sentence
Is the
person
Place
Thing
It can be
Singular
Plural
Subject
Is a verb
Tells what
the subject
is or does
Predicate
Is the
person
Who is the
receiver
Of the direct
object
Indirect
Object
A Noun or
Pronoun
That tells
Whom or
what
Verb points
to
Direct
Object

Verb forms
Linking
• Connect the S with a complement (C)
• C can be noun or adjective
• Common: be, become get, appear, seem,
feel, smell, sound, taste
Transitive • Verb must have D.O.
Transitive with
I.O.
• Common verbs are give, show, tell, teach,
buy, send
Intransitive
• Verb does no have a object
• John travels
• My car runs

Questions
Start with question word
Who
Whom
Whose
What
Which
When
Where
Why
What …. For
How come
How
How many
How much
How + adjetive
How + adverb

Questions
Be
With auxiliary verbs
• Verb + Subject+ Main Verb + Complement or Object
• Are you sick?
• Is she here?
Do •Do they like ice cream?
•Does he work?

Exclamatory sentence
Surprise or another
emotion
What or
How
Most common.
What a beatiful dress!
How nice of you to say that!

Imperative
Is a command
Tells what to do
The subject is always
YOU but is not
expressed
Turn right on Oak Street.
Open the boxes.
Come here!
Drive carefully!

Noun
A word that names one or more:
People,
Animal,
Place,
Thing,
Abstractions (you cannot touch).
Who?
What?

Countable Noun
Person
• Girl
• Boy
• Doctor
Place
• Town
• Airport
• Area
Thing
• House
• Piano
• Radio
Abstraction
• Idea
• Science
• Problem
Singular form
Collective nouns Is a singular noun that names a group
of people with a common interest
Team • A group of players working together.
Class • A group of students studying together.
Family • A group of people related by blood.
Office • A group of people who work for the same boss.

Using singular noun
Singular
noun
Always Use noun determiner:
a/an, the, one, this, that, any,
each, every, another, either,
neither, my, your, his,
her
our, their, or a possesive noun
Use a singular verb
he, she, it form.

Plural nouns
People
• Girls.
• Boys.
• Doctors.
Places
• Towns.
• Airports.
• Areas.
Things
• Houses.
• Pianos.
• Radios.
Abstractions
• Ideas.
• Sciences.
• Problems.
Add -s to most nouns:
Add -es to the following nouns that end in -o:
People
• Heroes
Things
• Tomatoes.
• Potatoes.
• Mosquitoes
Abstractions
• Tornadoes.
• Echoes.

Plural Nouns …
Add -es to nouns ending in ch, sh, ss and x:
People
• Witches.
Places
• Churches.
Things
• Whatches.
• Brushes.
• Dresses.
• Boxes.
Abstractions
• Crashes.
• Messes
For nouns ending in -y after a consonant, drop y and add ies:
People
•Lady / ladies.
•Baby / babies
Places
•City / cities.
•University /
universities
Things
•Body /
bodies.
•Factory /
factories.
Abstractions
•Philosophy /
philosophies
•Study /
studies

Plural Nouns …
For nouns ending in -f or fe drop f( e) and add ves :
People
• Wife / wives.
Things
• Knife / knives.
• Leaf / leaves
• Shelf / shelves
Abstractions
• Life / lives
People
•One man
•One woman
•One child
•One person
People
•Three men
•Three women
•Three
children
•Three people
Things
•One foot.
•One tooth
•One mouse
Things
•Three feet
•Three teeth
•Three mice
Change the form of several common nouns:

Plural Nouns …
Animals
• One deer
• One sheep
• One fish
• One aircraft
• One Kangaroo
• One buzz
Animals
• Two deer
• Two sheep
• Two fish
• Two aircraft
• Two kangaroos
• Two buzzes
Abstractions
• One series
• One species
Abstraction
• Two series
• Two species
Use the singular form for the plural of several nouns :
Things
• One
memoramdum
• One thesis
• One radius
Things
• Two
memoranda
• Two theses
• Two radii
Abstractions
• One criterion
• One
phenomenon
• One crisis
• One stimulus
Abstractions
• Two criteria
• Two
phenomena
• Two crises
• Two stimuli
Use Latin plurals for certain Latin nouns:

Plural Nouns …
Use
Optional noun determiner. You can use:
The, zero, all numbers except one,
these, those, any, no, either,
neither, other, some, both, few, enough,
plenty, of, a lot of, lots of, many, all,
my, your, his, her, its, our, their, or a possessive noun
When there is no noun determiner, the meaning all is implied.
Her flowers are beautiful. (only her flowers)
Flowers are beautiful. (all flowers).
These exercises are fun. (Only these exercises).
Exercises are fun. (All exercises).
A plural verb (we / you / they form)
The girls are here.
My friends have jobs.
These exercises help.
Her flowers are beautiful.
Excercises help.
Flowers are beautiful

Possessive Nouns
Tells who has
something
Answer Whose?
Make a
noun
possessive
Add –’ s to a singular noun:
The book the Mary owns Whose book? Mary’s
The friend that Mary has Whose friend? Mary’s.
The car that my friend has Whose car? My friend’s.
The bone that the dog has Whose bone? The dog’s.
Add –’s to a plural noun that does not end in s:
The money that the people have Whose money? The people’s
The toys that the children have Whose toys? The children’s
The shirts that the men own whose Shirts? The men’s
The shoes that belong to the women whose shoes? The women’s

Possessive Nouns
Make a
noun
possessive
Add ‘ to a plural noun that ends in -s:
The party that the ladies have Whose party? The ladies’.
The basketball that belongs to the boys Whose basketball?The
boys’.
The room where the teachers relax Whose room? The teachers’.
The house to belongs to the Adamses Whose house? The
Adamses’.
The car to belongs to the Perezes Whose car? The Perezes’.
Use a + (noun) + of + the possessive noun
to indicate that the item is only one of several:
a book that Mary has Whose book? A book of Mary’s
A friend that my sister has Whose friend? A friend of my sister’s

Pronouns
Its a substitute for a noun.
Use the pronoun when the
noun has already been
named.
Subject pronoun
Answer Who for people
What for an animal, thing, or abstraction
I,
You
He
She
It
We
You
They for people
They for animal or thing

Object pronouns
Replace a Noun that is D.O. an
I.O. or an object in preposition. Answer
Whom for people
What for things
Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
Thing (plural)
Me
You
Him
Her
It
Us
Them
Them

Direct object pronouns
Remember D.O. That tells
Whom or what
Verbs point to
Answer
Who(m) for people
What for things
John called Mary ( I am Mary).
John called Susan ( You are Susan).
John called Patricia. (She is Patricia).
John called David. ( He is David).
John called Mary and Susan.
John called Susan and Patricia.
John called Patricia and David.
John got the check.
John got the checks.
John called me.
John called you.
John called her.
John called him.
John called me and you (us).
John called you and her.
John called she and him (them).
John got it.
John got them.
Examples:

Intensive and reflexive pronouns
Myself ourselves
Yourself yourselves
Himself themselves
Herself
Itself
Intensive pronoun
restate to
Emphasize it
Noun or Pronoun
Reflexive pronoun
Is an object pronoun that
refers back to the subject.
The subject and the object are the
same person.
I vote “no” myself.
You know that yourself.
Julie went to the store herself.
Mark did it himself.
Emily and I made this cake ourselves.
Did you and Jack build the house yourselves
The robbers themselves called the police.
I cut myself.
Did you cure yourself?
He needs to help himself?
She sent a letter to herself?
This door locks itself.
We gave ourselves a party.
Did you make yourselves comfortable?
They are hurting themselves.

Intensive and reflexive pronouns
The preposition by + a
reflexive pronoun
means
Alone
Statement
I did it by myself
She is by herself
They played by themselves
Meaning
Nobody helped me.
She is alone.
Nobody else played with them.

Possessive pronouns
Replace a possesive noun
Whose book is it?
The book is Mary’s.
The book is Susan’s.
The book is David’s.
The book is Patricia’s.
The book is Mary’s and Susan’s.
The book is Susan’s and Patricia’s.
The book is Patricia’s and David’s.
Answer Whose?
verificar
The book is mine.
The book is yours.
The book is his.
The book is hers.
The book is ours.
The book is yours.
The book is theirs.

Possessive pronouns
Whose book is it?
It belongs to me.
It belongs to you.
It belongs to him.
It belongs to her.
It belongs to her and me.
It belongs to you and her.
It belongs to her and him.
It belongs to them.
It belong to us.
It belongs to me and him.
To show possession
You can also use
It belongs to + noun
Or object pronoun
It’s mine.
It’s yours.
It’s his.
It’s hers.
It’s ours.
It’s yours.
It’s theirs.
It’s theirs.
It’s ours.
It’s ours.

Relative pronoun
Who, whom,whose, wich,
what
Replace a noun in
adjective clause.
Answer
Who …?
Whom …?
Whose … ?
Which …?
What … ?
What kind of …?
Who is he?
From whom did you receive the gift?
Whose dog is this?
What kind of book do you want?
What book do you want?
He is a man. He came to our house.
He is the man who came to our house.
The lady is Mrs. Smith. I received the gift from her.
The lady from whom I received the gift is Mrs. Smith.
The girl is my niece. This is her dog.
The girl whose dog this is is my niece.
I want a book. The book has pictures.
I want a book that has pictures.
The book that I want is the one with pictures.

Demostrative pronoun
Indicate a specific noun Answer
Which …?
Which one …?
Which ones …?
This replaces a singular or non-count
noun that is nearby.
It is here.
These replaces a plural noun that is
nearby.
They are here.
That replaces a singular or non-count
noun that is farther away.
It is here
Those replaces a plural noun that is
farther away.
They are there.
This is my watch.
This is my jewelry.
These are my watches.
That is your watch.
That is your jewelry.
Those are your watches.

Using “One”
Refers to a specific item
already named Answer Which …?
Which dress do you want?
Which (one) is yours?
It can be plural.
Which dressess do you want?
Which (ones) are yours?.
I want the red one.
I want this one.
I don’t want that one.
This is mine.
This one is mine.
I want the cotton ones.
I want these.
I don’t want the wool ones.
I don’t want those.
These are mine.

Indefinitive pronouns
Refers to a noun that is
no specific. Answer Which …?
Singular indefinite pronouns a) Refering only a people
Anybody (one of all people)
Anyone (one of all people)
Not anybody (not one person)
Not anyone (not one person)
Nobody (not one person)
No one (not one person)
Somebody (one person)
Someone (one person)
Anybody can do it.
Is anyone there?.
There isn’t anybody in the house.
There isn’t anyone in the store.
Nobody can do it.
No one is at home.
Somebody can help us.
Someone is in the office.

Singular indefinite pronouns b) Refering only to places
Anywhere (one of all places)
Not anywhere (not one place)
Nowhere (not one place)
somewhere (one place)
I can go anywhere.
I cannot go anywhere.
The ring is not anywhere in this house.
The ring is nowhere in this house.
I will find it somewhere.
Anything (one of all things)
Not anything (no thing)
nothing (no thing)
something (one thing)
c) Refering only to things
Anything is better than nothing.
There isn’t anything to eat.
There is nothing to eat.
There is something in this box.

Singular indefinite pronouns d) Refering to people or things
One (one more)
Another (one) (one more)
(a different one)
any (one, no preference)
each (all, one by one)
either (one or the other)
Neither (not one or the other)
Is there a doctor in the house.
Yes, I am one.
Does anybody have a book.
Yes, I have one
She has two children.
She wants another.
She has a book.
She wants another one.
Which lawyer do you prefer?
Any will be ok.
What book do you want?
Any is fine.
What do the children have?
Each has a ballon.
Do you want an apple or a banana.
Either is fine.
Wich coat is yours?
Neither is mine.

Plural indefinite pronouns May refer to people or things
none (zero)
Not any (zero)
Any number (two to infinity)
Over one
Some (more than one)
both (the two)
either (these or those)
neither (not these or those)
others (different ones)
Few, very few (not enought)
A few (three or four)
Several (four or five)
Enought (the needed number)
A lot ( a large number)
Not many (not a large number)
Too many (more than is good)
All (100 percent)
How many books are there? There are none.
How many teachers are there? There aren’t any.
How many chairs are there?
There are twelve.
How many girls are there? There are some.
Which pen is yours? Both are mine.
Which do you want Cds or tapes? Either are fine.
Which dishes are yours - these or those?
Neither are mine.
Are these all you have? No, I have others.
How many participants are there? There are few.
How many people are there? There are a few.
How many children are there? There are several.
How many cars are there? There are enough.
How many sandwiches are there? There are a lot.
How many plates are there? Therea are not many.
How many mistakes are there? There are too many.
Which photographs are good? All are good.

none (no amount)
either (one or the other)
neither (not one or the other)
Some (more than one)
Little, very little (not enought)
A little (a small quantity)
Enought (the needed amount)
A lot ( a large number)
Too much (more than is good)
How much traffic is there.
There is none.
Do you want furniture o jewelry?
Either is good.
Do you want tea or coffee?
Neither is good for me.
How much pullution is there?
There is some.
How much money is there?
There is a little.
How much information is there?
There is a little.
How much work is there?
There is enought.
How much music is there?
There is a lot.
How much advice is there?
There is too much.
Non Count indefinite pronouns

SINGULAR
Another = one more or a different one
$ $ $ $$
One another
The other = the only
remaining one
$ $
One the other
PLURAL
Others = more or different ones (but not all of them).
$$$ $$$ $$
Some others
The others = all of the remaining ones.
$$$ $$$$$$$
Some the others.
Another / The other/ Others

Adjectives
Give information about
nouns. Two kinds Noun determiners
Descriptive adjectives
Noun Determiner (required) + descriptive adjective (optional) + singular Noun
A beautiful watch
Noun determiner (optional) + Descriptive adjective (optional) + Plural noun
These beautiful watches
Noun determiner (optional) + Descriptive adjective (optional) + Non – count noun
This beautiful jewelry

Adjectives
Correct form
I have a watch.
I have a beautiful watch.
I have the watch.
I have this watch.
I have watches.
I have beautiful watches.
I have the watches.
I have these watches.
I have jewelry.
I have beautiful jewelry.
I have the jewelry.
I have this jewelry.
Do not use
I have watch.
I have a watches.
I have this watches.
I have a jewelry.
I have these jewelry
I have jewelries.
Examples

Adjectives
Noun determiners
They have specific relations with: singular,
plural and non – count nouns.
Articles – a , an
An article help to identify a noun.
Answers
a) A or an is used only before a singular noun
Identify and limit nouns.
What is it?
Who is it?
Use a before a singular noun that begins with a consonant sound.
A man a street a cassette a proble
a university (begin with vowel but is pronounced with consonant yu)
Use an before a singular noun that begins with vowel sound.
An artist an area an apple an idea
an R.S.V.P. (R is a consonant but is pronounced with vowel AR).
When there is a descriptive adjective, choose a or an according to the first sound
of the ADJECTIVE.
a nice lady a big city a pretty dress
an intelligent lady an old city an ugly dress an orange belt

Adjectives
Articles: the Answers
b) The indicates a specific singular, plural, or noun – count noun.
the table the tables the furniture.
What (noun)?
Who wich one(s)?
Use the
1. When there is only one to choose from:
Question Answer Meaning
Which door? The door the only door.
Which keys? The keys the only keys.
What zoo? The zoo the (only) zoo in the city
2. When the listener knows which item:
Question Answer Meaning
Which book? The book The book you gave me.
What letters? The letters The letters John wrote to us.
What dress? The dress The dress we saw in the shop.
Which car? The car Our car.
What jewelry? The jewelry The jewelry I gave you.

Adjectives
Articles: the Answers
c) Compare a / an with the.
What is it? It’s an apple.
Which apple is it? It’s the apple you gave me.
What is it? It’s a school.
What school is it? It’s the school our children go to.
What is it? It’s a problem.
What problem is it. It’s the problem I told youabout.
Who is she? She’s a girl.
Which girl is she? She’s the girl I like.
What (noun)?
Who wich one(s)?

Adjectives
Articles: the
d) The with proper nouns.
Do not use the with certain singular proper noun. For example
Mary Mary Jones Mrs. Jones
President Smith Texas South America
Korea Chicago Central Park
Hudson Bay Memorial Bridge Madison High School
Virginia Tech Oak Street January
Monday watson’s Departmen Store
Use before other singular proper nouns. For example
The Secretary of Labor. The President of the United States.
The Equator. The Catskills.
The White House. The Smithsonian.
The University of Wisconsin. The New Jersey Tumpike.
The Brooklyn Bridge. The Chesapeake Bay.
The White House The United Kingdom The Western Hemisphere.
use the before plural proper nouns. For example,
The United States. The Netherlands. The Philippines.
The Andes. The Rocky Mountains. The Great Lakes.
The United Nations. The Smiths The Joneses.

Adjectives
Articles: the
e) Special cases of no article and the.
At home = in a person’s own home.
At the home of = in someone else’s home.
At school = attending classes
At the school = visiting a school
At church = worshipping
At the church = visiting the church
In jail = detained by law
At the jail = visiting the jail
At work= working
Home = to a person’s own home
To the home of = to someone else’s home
To school = to the school for study
To the school = to a school for a visit
To church = to the church for worship
To the church = to a church for a visit
To jail = to be locked up
To the jail = to the jail for a visit
To work = to a place for work
Examples
She won’t be at home today. The meeting is at the home of her sister.
My son came home from school early yesterday because he was sick. He didn’t go to
school today. I went to the school this morning to talk to the teacher.

Adjectives
Articles: the
North, south, east and west are directions. The before each word indicates a section of
a larger place.
Examples
Go north, and you will find that building. It is in the north of the city.
The birds fly south every winter. The weather is much warmer in the south.
His parents were not happy in the west, so they moved back east.
Breakfast, lunch, and dinner are meals in general.
The breakfast, the lunch, and the dinner mean specific meals.
Examples
I usually don’t eat breakfast. The breakfast your mother made was delicious.
We are having lunch at that restaurant. The lunch Max brought looks good.
Let’s eat dinner at that restaurant. The dinner we had there last week was great.

Adjectives
Articles: the
Last night = the night before today.
The last night = the final night
The week = the week before this one
The last week = the final week
Examples
Jack called me last night. He said that Friday was the last night of this conference.
We had our exam last week. It was the last week of classes.
I bought a car last year, 1997 will be the last year I have to make payments on it.
In office = serving as an elected official.
In the office = located in a room.
Examples
Her husband has been in office for five years. He spends a lot of time in the office
writing letters to his supporters.

Adjectives Numbers
Cardinals
0 ( Zero) no requires a plural noun.
There are zero apples in the basket.
There are no apples in the basket.
1 (one) describe a singular noun.
There is one table in the room.
All other numbers describe plural nouns.
There are two chairs.
There are forty-six people.
There are fifty states in the United States.

Adjectives Numbers
Ordinal
Tells the relative position of a singular or
plural noun.
Always use
THE
before
The ordinal numbers 1, 2, 3 and for combintations with 1, 2, 3 are:
The first the 1st the twenty – first the 21st.
The second the 2nd the thirty-second the 32nd.
The third the 3rd the sixty-third the 63rd.
The ordinal numbers 5, 8, 9, 12 and for combinations with 5, 8 and 9 are:
The fifth the 5th the forty-fifth the 45th
The eighth the 8th the eighty – eighth the 88th
The ninth the 9th the twenty-ninth the 29th
The twelfth the 12th

Numbers
Ordinal
Tells the relative position of a singular or
Always use
THE
before
All other ordinal numbers are the cardinal number + th
plural noun.
The fourth the 4th the twenty – fourth the 24th
The sixth the 6th the seventy-sixth the 76th
The seventh the 7th the thirty-seventh the 37th
The fifteenth the 15th
Examples.
January is the firts month of the year.
The third day of the week is Tuesday.
The first three days of the month are the first, the second and the third.
Her birthday is on the twenty-seventh of December, the twelfth month of the year.

Possessive adjectives
Indicates the owner of
the following noun
Anwsers Whose?
Whose book is it?
It’s Mary’s book (I am Mary) It is my book.
It’s Susan’s book (you are Susan) It’s your book.
It’s David’s book (He is David) It’s his book.
It’s Patricia’s book (She is Patricia) It’s her book.
It’s Mary and Susan’s book. It’s our book.
It’s Susan and Patricia’s book. It’s their book.

Demonstrative adjectives
Points out specific noun Anwsers Which?
This indicate a singular or noun – count that is nearby.
This watch is expensive.
This jewelry is expensive.
That indicates a singular or nount-count that is farther away.
That watch is expensive.
That jewelry is expensive.
These indicates a plural noun that is nearby.
These watches are expensive.
Those indicates a plural noun that is farther away.
Those watches are expensive.

More noun
determines
Use adjectives marked
S singular noun
Pl plural nouns
Nc non-count nouns
Any s one, but not a special one I will take any book
pl more than one, but not special one I will take any books
nc an un specific amount I will take any information
Not any pl zero I do not want any presents.
nc no amount I do not want any money
No pl zero I have no books
nc no amount I have no information
Each s 100 percent, one by one She collects each test
Every s 100 percent, one by one She collects every test
Another s one more I want another cookie
s a different one I want another doctor
Other pl different, more She has other friends
nc different, more She wants the other jewelry
The other s not this one, that one He wants the other car
nc not this, that she wants the other jewelry
Either ……

Descriptive adjectives
Tells the:
size,
Shape,
Age
Color,
Origin,
Material, or
The speaker opinion
It is the same for:
S
Pl
NC
A big table big tables big furniture
This big table these big tables this big furniture
My big table my big tables my big furniture
After a form be or other linking verb - See linking verbs
The table is big The tables are big The furniture seems big
The apple is good The apples are good The fruit smells good.
The bracelet is pretty The bracelets are pretty The jewelry looks pretty.

Proper Descriptive
adjectives Identifies a noun as a part of
an office place
It is written with:
Capital letter
An American flag
The Mexican students
My Italian shoes
Her European friends
The Eastern seaboard.
A Jewish holiday
The Hispanic community

Nouns used as
adjectives
A noun can describe another
noun
Is placed before it.
Like an adjetive
It is never:
Plural
Even when its
reference is plural
Examples
A glass jar a jar made of glass
A plastic bag a bag made of plastic
Paper dolls dolls made of paper
Mosquito bites the bites of mosquitos
A school bus a bus for a school
A jewelry box a box for jewelry
A bottle opener a tool for opening bottles
A shoe store a store that sells dresses
An apple pie a pie made of apples
An earring box a box for earrings
Some noun + noun combinations
Are written as one word
Dishwater
Motorcycle
Trashcan
drugstore

Verbs used as
adjectives
Present participle forms of
verbs
Which ending in ing.
sleeping babies Can describe nouns
A caring mother
daring acrobats
A terrifying experience
An interesting story
Past participle forms of verbs can describe
nouns
ironed clothes
dried flowers
saved money
deserted streets
a spoken language
a broken plate
lost and found clothing
The ing form is the cause
The ed form is the effect
When the teacher is boring
The students are bored
If the movie is exciting
The audience is excited
If the actor os fascinating
The people are fascinated

Verbs used as
adjectives
When the news is surprising the people are surprised
If the lesson is confusing the students are confused
If the message is threatening the reader feels threatened
If the voice is frihtening the listener feels frightened
If the book is interesting the reader is interested.

Compound adjectives Is a combination of two or
more words
Joined
By hypens
And used to desccribe a
noun
A ten-pound baby
The six-foot man
The two-hundred-dollar shoes
My two-hundred-dollar shoes
An all-night party
A well-built house
An up-to-date analysis
A ‘round-the-clock schedule

Comparing descriptive
adjectives
Adjectives change to show
differences in nouns
To strengthen an adjective:
1. Add –er to a one-syllable adjective
Cheap cheaper
Clean cleaner
Cold colder
Dark darker
Fair fairer
Fast faster
Light lighter
Long longer
Near nearer
Neat neater
Plain plainer
Short shorter
Slow slower
Small smaller
Soon sooner
Sweet sweeter
To weaken an adjective
Put not as before the adjective
Not as cheap
Not as clean
Not as cold
Not as dark
Not as fair
Not as fast
Not as light
Not as long
Not as near
Not as neat
Not as plain
Not as short
Not as slow
Not as small
Not as soon
Not as sweet

adjectives
2. Add –r to a one-syllable adjective that
end in e
Nice nicer
Close closer
Fine finer
Cute cuter
Late later
Loose looser
3. Double the last consonant, then add
er to one syllable adjectives that end in
a consonant + vowel + consonant
Big bigger
Thin thinner
Fat fatter
Hot hotter
Fit fitter
Put not as before adjective
Not as nice
Not as close
Not as fine
Not as cute
Not as late
Not as lose
Not as big
Not as thin
Not as fat
Not as hot
Not as fit

adjectives
4. Drop y and add –ier to two syllables
adjectives that end in y
Happy happier
Crazy crasier
Funny funnier
Lonely lonelier
Lovely lovelier
Easy easier
Lazy lasier
Noisy noisier
5. Add –er to the following two syllables
adjectives
Able abler
Cruel crueler
Gentle gentler
Narrow narrower
Quiet quiter
Simple simpler
Put not as before adjective
Not as happy
Not as crazy
Not as funny
Not as lonely
Not as lovely
Not as easy
Not as lazy
Not as noisy
Not as able
Not as cruel
Not as gentle
Not as narrow
Not as quiet
Not as simple

adjectives
6. Put the word more before other two-or-
more-syllable adjectives
Capable more capable
Careful more careful
Cautions more cautions
Common more common
Decent more decent
Dependable more dependable
Difficult more difficult
Expensive more expensive
Put not as or less before adjective
Not as capable
less capable
Not as careful
Less careful
Not as cautions
Less cautions
Not as common
Less common
Not as decent
Less decent
Not as dependable
Less dependable
Not as difficult
Less difficult
Not as expensive
Less expensive

adjectives
Handsome more handsome
idle more idle
Important more important
jealous more jealous
modest more modest
Patient more patient
pleasant more pleasant
Polite more polite
Not as handsome
Less handsome
Not as idle
Less idle
Not as important
Less important
Not as jealous
Less jealous
Not as modest
Less modest
Not as patient
Less patient
Not as pleasant
Less pleasant
Not as polite
Less polite

adjectives
Expensive more expensive
Famous more famous
Gracious more gracious
Grateful more grateful
Popular more popular
Responsible more responsible
Ridiculous more ridiculous
Thankful more thankful
Not as expensive
Less expensive
Not as famous
Less famous
Not as gracious
Less gracious
Not as grateful
Less grateful
Not as popular
Less popular
Not as responsible
Less responsible
Not as ridiculous
Less ridiculous
Not as thankful
Less thankful

adjectives
Trustworthy more trustwhorthy
Truthful more truthful
Wonderful more wonderful
7. Use an irregular form the following
adjectives:
Bad worse
Far farther (in distance)
Far further (in depth)
Good better
Little less
Many more
Not as trustworthy
Less trustworthy
Not as truthful
Less truthful
Not as wonderful
Less wonderful
Not as bad
Not as far
Not as far
Not as good
Not as little
Not as many

adjectives
8. To compare two nouns, use positive
comparative form of the adjective + than
A car is slower than a train.
This vase is finer than that one.
John is bigger than his brother.
The book is funnier than the movie.
These children are more polite than those.
My doctor is more patient than his partners.
Mary’s new cars is more expensive than
mine.
Is it better than yours?
For a negative comparison use
Not as ….. As or less …. than
A train is not as slow as a car.
That vase is not as fine as this one.
John’s brother is not as big as he is.
The movie is not as funny as the book.
Those children are not as polite as
these.
My doctor’s partners are not as patient
as he is.
My car is less expensive than Mary’s.
Is it as good as yours?

adjectives
9. To describe a gradual process, use the same comparative adjective two times, with
and
The old car went slower and slower.
The ballon got bigger and bigger.
Her grades are better and better.
The weather is getting colder and colder.
The girl is more and more beatiful every day.
10. More comparisons
As (adjective) as
your bag is as heavy as mine.
your dress is as pretty as mine.
her shoes are not as big as yours.
Similar to
equal to in some ways: Your bag is similar to mine.
Different from
not the same as: Your dress is different from mine.
Different than
not the same as: Your dress is different than mine.

Superlative adjectives Distinguishes one noun from
three or more.
To make a adjective superlative:
1.Put the before adjective, and add –st instead of r:
The lowest the nicest the biggest the funniest
The fasest the cutest the fattest the easiest
2. Add the most instead of more before the adjective:
The most important the most expensive the most ridiculous
The most wonderful the most responsible the most untrustworthy
3. Use the irregular form the following adjectives:
Good the best
Bad the worst
Far the farthest (in distance)
Far the furrthest (in depth)
Many the most
Little the least
To make a superlative negative, put the least before adjective:
The least funny the least expensive
The least polite the least important

Superlative adjectives Distinguishes one noun from
three or more.
To express superlative, use the following patterns:
He is the tallest of the three boys. He is the tallest of all.
That is the funniest movie I have ever seen. It is funniest of all.
Fred is the most handsome actor in the play. He is the most handsome of all.
This is the most important part of the story. This is the most importan of all.
It was the worst storm this year. It was the worst of all.
He is the least polite boy in the school. He is the least polite of all.
That is the least important part of the report. It is the least important of all.

Order of adjectives
1. To describe a noun with several adjectives use the following order.
It is better not to use more than three descriptives
First. A noun determiner a, the, my, this, etc
Then, a subjective descriptive adjective wonderful, crazy, tired, etc.
(the speaker opinion)
Then, factual descriptive adjectives
size big, small, huge, etc.
shape round, square, etc.
age young, new, old, etc.
color red, blue, yellow, etc.
origin American, Belgian, etc.
material wood, silk, glass, etc.
Finally: the noun chair, chairs, furniture.

Order of adjectives
1. To describe a noun with several adjectives use the following order.
Examples:
It is better not to use more than three descriptives
Three valuable old Chinese vases.
My favorite pink silk blouse.
Some beatiful old Mexican doors.
A cheap little blue dress.
A few wrinkled old black – and – white photographs
All the friendly new neighbors.
A lot of pretty yellow silk ribbons.

Order of adjectives
2. Adjectives order exceptions.
a) The adjective else
is placed after certain indefinite pronouns
It answers the questions : Who else? What else? Where else?
Question Answer Meaning.
Who else is here? I don’t see anybody else I don’t see another person
I don’t see anyone else I don’t see another person.
Nobody else is here. No, other person is here.
No, one else is here. No, other person is here.
I think somebody else is here. I think another person is here.
What else do I don’t want anything else. I don’t want another thing.
you want ? I wan’t nothing else. I don’t want another thing.
Bring me something else. Bring me another thing.
I need little else. I only need a few other things.

Order of adjectives
a) The adjective else
is placed after certain indefinite pronouns
It answers the questions : Who else? What else? Where else?
Where else did he go? He didn’t go anywhere else. He didn’t go to another place.
I think he went somewhere else. I think he went to another place.

Order of adjectives
b) Descritive adjectives can also follow the indefinite pronouns
Anybody, anyone, anything, anywhere, nobody, no one, nothing, somebody
Someone, something, somewhere, little, not much
When they answer the question: “What kind of?”
What kind of typist I need somebody good. A person who is good.
do you need?
What kind of things They did nothing interesting. Not anything that was interesting.
did they do?
What kind of furniture They don’t have anything nice. Not anything that is nice.
do they have?
What kind of car does He needs something cheap. A car that is cheap.
he need?
What kind of place is she going to for her vacation? She is going somewhere warm

Order of adjectives
c) Enough can precede or follow a noun.
I have enough plates for twenty people.
I have plates enough for twenty people.
He doesn’t have enough money to buy a car.
he has money enough to buy a car.

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