Foss governance succeeding / Philippe Richard

FREE AND/OR OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE (FOSS)IMPLEMENTING AN EFFICIENT AND SAFEFOSS STRATEGY IN A GLOBAL COMPANYMichel Ruffin & Philippe Richard, Alcatel-Lucent - Bell Labs - Corporate CTOSeptember 2011 COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

ALCATEL-LUCENTBACKGROUND % of 2010 revenues N. America: ~36% Europe: ~32% Asia Pacific: ~18% Rest of world: ~14% • Sells anything in the network • 79 000+ employees for communication • 27 900 active patents Russia Romania - Network access Ireland • Present in more than Poland - Core network UK Slovakia Canada Belgium 130 countries - Transmission technologies France • 600+ new development Germany Turkey - Applications USA Netherlands projects per year South Korea Italy Israel China - Professional services Spain • Numerous suppliers and Taiwan India • Customers outsourced developments - Network operators • Several acquisitions of Singapore (around 1500 in the world) companies per year - Strategic industries Brazil • Product life can be from - Enterprises 1 to 20 years Australia Executive Business Centers - Indirectly: end users: Research Centers Product & Solution anybody in the world Development Centers 2 COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

SOFTWARE R&D AND FOSS TOMORROWINDUSTRY TRENDS TODAY YESTERDAY A proprietary SW product A FOSS Trend line distributor/integrator Proprietary R&D FOSS We stand here res to f featu ize and se cost le xity: s integ ration Development cost Comp onent Comp Development cost FOSS Development cost Trends: R&D becomes a shared effort 3 COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

FOSS USE INALCATEL-LUCENT• Strategy: use FOSS whenever possible It is also about• Use FOSS distributors / supporting • Innovation companies whenever possible - Using FOSS accelerate innovation - E.g. Linux - Android is our strategy - Re-use avoid to re-invent the wheel• 20% to 80% of an Alcatel-Lucent product code is FOSS (42% in • Provide freedom to our customers average today) - Provide them standard solutions to develop additional services• Basic rationale - Remove supplier lock-in - Reduce their need to adapt their solutions for each supplier - Reduce R&D costs - Create an internal and external community • New Business model: Moving from a on common software HW/SW supplier to a service supplier - Provide our contribution to - Compete on quality, customer care, the communities innovation 4 COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

ALCATEL-LUCENTA CONTRIBUTOR TO FOSS• Contributions to tools • FOSS Forums and standardization - Expat suite of tools, GForge/ Fusionforge • Linux foundation: Alcatel-Lucent is one of• Contribution to FOSS bug Fix the 9 founders of carrier grade Linux group (Part of OSDL in 2001)• Contribution to new developments • FOSSBazaar: Alcatel-Lucent participate to - Corba component model on top of Mico SPDX standard and promote it. (GPL/LGPL licenses) - Plan9 (operating system under Lucent public • FOSSBazaar: we will continue the license) standardization of FOSS governance process.• Indirect contributions to non core telecom • OWF: we are a sponsor business through FOSS distributors • Systematic: head of FOSS project committee - We pay ten’s of million$ per year to FOSS • OVA: Open Virtualization Alliance we are in distributors for enhancements to OS, database, middleware, …. the process of being a member FOSS GOVERNANCE IS NOT ONLY A MATTER OF LAW, AS A GOOD CITIZEN COMPANY, WE RESPECT THE PHILOSOPHY BEHIND FOSS LICENSES AND WE CONTRIBUTE 5 COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

YOU NEED A STRONGFOSS GOVERNANCE PROCESS!• Governance process started in 2002 • Numbers and facts- Process scope: - 160+ people trained to - FOSS selection, select/authorize/forbid FOSS and implement the process - use of detection tools, - 1000s of people trained to - outsourcing developments, basic tutorial - professional services, - 3500 FOSS in Alcatel-Lucent FOSS database - Information technology, (describing risk issues) - merge and acquisitions, - Alcatel-Lucent is committed to align on - packaging Alcatel-Lucent products, SPDX/FOSSBazaar standard - suppliers contracts, - All new contracts with suppliers contains FOSS clauses - contributing to FOSS. - Alcatel-Lucent is willing to share a common- Implementation nearly completed governance process with other companies- Process still under evolution 6 COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

ALCATEL-LUCENTBASIC FOSS PROCESS• Being able to identify FOSS in each Alcatel-Lucent product INITIATOR, E.G. 160 FOSS evaluators PRODUCT MANAGEMENT - R&D identify all FOSS used OR PROCUREMENT 1. Check 5. Can you confirm - Use tools (Blackduck/protex, A, B, C that B is a library? fossology) to detect FOSS in 6. Set B risks Support Core team Alcatel-Lucent products for difficult evaluation evaluators 3. Add B FOSS expert - Third party software 4. Evaluate B 2. A is OK, C is companies’ FOSS identified forbidden, B is Lawyers not described (suppliers, outsourcing in the database companies, acquisitions) FOSS database Purchasing - All FOSS used must be authorized FOSS EXECUTIVE MEET EVERY WEEK COMMITTEE SINCE 2007!• Correct packaging of FOSS in Alcatel-Lucent products 7 COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

EVERYTHING AVAILABLEFROM INTRANET • Several tutorials on line: from 10’ to one day TRANSLATED IN 11 LANGUAGES • Mailing lists 600 people • Linux dedicated page • Tools 80+ PAGES OF DOCUMENTATION • Major Licenses description • How to contribute to FOSS •… 8 COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

THAT’S NOTENOUGH! Having an internal process does not mean that it is implemented• First - Start at high level with legal and high executives - Explain to R&D the issues - Strong communication is needed• Second - Come from a light FOSS process to a strong one - Start with a basic process - Adapt the process to complex situations - Have a committee with lawyers that can address issues - Create documents – web sites, mailing lists, fora - Be Flexible 9 COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

THE MOSTIMPORTANTDo not impose a process if you cannot implement it• Resources must be available and must increase with implementation level• Provide exceptions for transient situations• Be flexible• Do not discourage people for implementing the process• Tools need to be tailored with load 10 COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

FACTORS OF SUCCESSIN ALCATEL-LUCENT• An effective and open-minded legal infrastructure• A strict quality process which easily incorporate FOSS specificities• Several corporate communications networks (Procurement, R&D, legal, …)• The use of tools (e.g. Protex/Blackduck and FOSSology) to detect issues and inform executives of their product potential exposure• A continuous decentralization of the process 11 COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

PITFALLS• Having only a top-down (from executives) or bottom-up (from engineers) approach - Middle management enrolment is key to success• Having a rigid and/or static process - Each group in a global organization has its own way of working - Build your process bit by bit as you discover new internal issues - The process needs to evolve continually according to new technologies and situations and the maturity of the company on FOSS• Centralizing the process - Not sustainable in a global company - The process must be implementable 12 COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

NEW CHALLENGES FOR ALCATEL-LUCENT• Standardizing the process with other companies - Move to the SPDX standard - Go further in standardizing FOSS governance process• Keeping up with new business models - Cloud computing, SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, …• Keeping up with recent technologies - Maven – dynamic internet download of Java software at runtime - Bit torrent propagation – automatic propagation of software between servers - DRM or CAS software – limit to multimedia content access• Improving our process - Automate the measurement of the process implementation 13 COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

CONCLUSIONS• A long and persistent effort: started in 2002 in Alcatel-Lucent - All company must embrace the effort• Process must grow at the same speed as awareness• A symmetric inter-companies effort – companies must be partners - Customer requirements are similar to what we request from suppliers• Emerging standards must be followed (e.g. FOSSBaazar group)• Be ready to third party requests FOSS GOVERNANCE IS NOT ONLY A MATTER OF LAW, AS A GOOD CITIZEN COMPANY, WE RESPECT THE PHILOSOPHY BEHIND FOSS LICENSES AND WE CONTRIBUTE 14 COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

COPYRIGHT INFORMATIONABOUT THIRD-PARTY PICTURESUSED IN THIS PRESENTATION• Firefox Nebula (slide 1): • La liberté guidant le peuple (13): MPL (Mozila Public License) Public Domain http://www.aidoweb.com/tutoriaux/themes-personas- (painting in Louvre from Eugène Delacroix) tout-personnaliser-firefox-675 http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroi x_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg• GNU Meditate levitate (8): GFDL1.2+ http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gnu_meditate_le vitate.png?uselang=fr• Radeau de la méduse (11): Public domain (painting in Louvre from Théodore Géricault, photo from University la Sorbone – Paris I) http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Th%C3%A9odore_G %C3%A9ricault_- _Le_Radeau_de_la_M%C3%A9duse.jpg#file 15 COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

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