iPhone
Development
Tools
Ing. Omar Cafini
http://www.omarcafini.info
www.mitapp.com

Development Tools
• Xcode: the IDE that includes source code editor, tools,
documentation and the frontend for the compiler i.e. with
Xcode you can enter, build and debug your application.
• Interface Builder: an editor program for dragging
controls into your applications's views and editing them
visually
• Cocoa Touch: a framework of code for you to use. Cocoa
Touch contains controls and other useful stuff for your
iPhone applications
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Xcode IDE
• Developing with Xcode is all about keeping you focused. Simply
click the green Build and Go button to start the build, debug, and
test cycle. Build errors are displayed within your source code as
Message Bubbles. Once your project is built, the debugger bar
appears in the editor window, and hovering your mouse reveals
variable values as Data Tips.
• If you are developing for iPhone, Xcode automatically
installs your application on the device and attaches the
debugger over USB. Throughout, Xcode keeps your code front
and center.
[Source: Apple Dev Tools]
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Xcode: main window overview
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Xcode: main window
Groups & Files of project
• Manage Files (creating Groups)
• Add/Delete Frameworks
• Add/Delete Classes (with wizard)
• View Breakpoints
• Error & Warning list
• etc...
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Xcode: main window
Details, Find & Build log
• List of Files (selecting Groups)
• Find in project
• Build details (Warnings, Errors)
• Etc...
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Xcode: main window
• Editing Code files
• Add Breackpoints
• Simply navigation between files & classes
• Etc...
Detail View
Status Bar
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Xcode: main window
• Groups & Files list. Provides an outline view of your project’
contents. You can move files and folders around and organize your project
contents in this list. The current selection in the Groups & Files list
controls the contents displayed in the detail view.
• Detail view. Shows the item or items selected in the Groups & Files
list. You can browse your project’s contents in the detail view, search them
using the search field, or sort them according to column. The detail view
helps you rapidly find and access your project’s contents.
• Toolbar. Provides quick access to the most common Xcode commands.
• Favorites bar. Lets you store and quickly return to commonly accessed
locations in your project. The favorites bar is not displayed by default. To
display the favorites bar, choose View > Layout > Show Favorites Bar.
• Status bar. Displays status messages for the project. During an
operation—such as building or indexing—Xcode displays a progress
indicator in the status bar to show the progress of the current task.
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Editing Code
• Header-file lookup. By Command–double-clicking a symbol,
you can view the header file that declares the symbol.
• API reference lookup. By Option–double-clicking a symbol, you
get access to API reference that provides information about the
symbol’s usage.
• Code completion. As you type code, you can have the editor
help out by inserting text for you that completes the name of the
symbol Xcode thinks you’re going to enter. Xcode does this in an
unobtrusive and overridable manner.
• Code folding. With code folding, you can collapse code that
you’re not working on and display only the code that requires your
attention.
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Code Completion
The text editor helps you type code faster with code completion.
When code completion is active, Xcode uses both text you have typed and the
context into which you have typed it to provide suggestions for completing the token
it thinks you intend to type. Code completion is not active by default.
To activate code completion:
1. Open the Xcode Preferences
window.Choose Xcode > Preferences.
2. In the Code Completion section of the
Code Sense pane, choose Immediate
from the Automatically Suggest pop-up
menu.
3. Click OK.
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Accessing Documentation
During development, you may need fast access to reference for a particular
symbol or high-level documentation about API usage or an iPhone OS technology.
Xcode gives you easy access to such resources through the Research
Assistant and the Documentation window.
• The Research Assistant is a lightweight window, shown in
figure, that provides a condensed view of the API reference for
the selected item, without taking your focus away from the
editor in which the item is located. This window provides an
unobtrusive way to consult API reference. However, when you
need to dig deeper into the reference, the Documentation
window is just a click away.
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Accessing Documentation
• The Documentation window lets you browse and search the developer documentation (which
includes API reference, guides, and articles about particular tools or technologies) installed on your
computer. It provides access to a wider and more detailed view of the documentation than the
Research Assistant, for the times when you need additional help.
Searching Field
Select O.S. List of simbols
Details
• Description
• Code Examples
• Etc...
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Xcode: main window
• DEMO (10-15’):
Main Window overview
Manage Files (Creating Groups)
Code Completion (Fn+F5)
GoToHelp (ALT + doubleClick)
GoToDefinition (cmd + doubleClick)
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Xcode: new project (wizard)
Templates
• Navigation-Based Application
• OpenGL ES Application
• TabBar,View-Based Application
• Etc...
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Xcode: new project (wizard)
The iPhone SDK provides several project templates to get you up and
running developing your application. You can choose from these types of
application:
■ Navigation-Based Application. An application that presents data hierarchically, using
multiple screens. The Contacts application is an example of a navigation-based application.
■ OpenGL ES Application. An application that uses an OpenGL ES–based view to present
images or animation.
■ Tab Bar Application. An application that presents a radio interface that lets the user
choose from several screens. The Clock application is an example of a tab bar application.
■ Utility Application. An application that implements a main view and lets the user access
a flipside view to perform simple customizations. The Stocks application is an example of a
utility application.
■ View-Based Application. An application that uses a single view to implement its user
interface.
■ Window-Based Application. This template serves as a starting point for any
application, containing an application delegate and a window. Use this template when you
want to implement your own view hierarchy.
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Xcode: new file (wizard)
Create .m and .h files
Templates
• UITableViewController and Cell
• UIViewController and View
• Etc...
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Xcode: project settings
Project Settings
• Libraries path
• Linker Options
• Compiler Options
• Etc...
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Xcode: Debug View
Thread List Variable Values
Code
Console
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Xcode: the iPhone Simulator
• Complete (almost)
system to test your
apps without HW.
• Run, test, and debug
your application locally
on your Mac using a
simulated iPhone.
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Xcode: the iPhone Simulator
iPhone Simulator lets you simulate most of the actions a user performs on
their device. When you’re running your application in iPhone Simulator, you can
carry out these hardware interactions through the Hardware menu:
■ Rotate Left. Rotates the simulator to the left.
■ Rotate Right. Rotates the simulator the right.
■ Shake. Shakes the simulator.
■ Home. Takes the simulator to the Home screen.
■ Lock. Locks the simulator.
■ Simulate Memory Warning. Sends the frontmost application low-
memory warnings. For information on how to handle low-memory situations,
see “Observing Low-Memory Warnings” in iPhone Application Programming
Guide.
■ Toggle In-Call Status Bar. Toggles the status bar between its normal
state and its in-call state. The status bar is taller in its in-call state than in its
normal state. This command shows you how your application’s user interface
looks when the user launches your application while a phone call is in
progress.
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Xcode: the iPhone Simulator
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Xcode: Activity Monitor
RealTime Info
Process running
You can testing an application and
monitoring in real time: Leak of
memory, CPU Load, etc...
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Clang Static Analyzer
Download http://clang-analyzer.llvm.org/
Command Line scan-build -k -V xcodebuild -configuration Debug -sdk iphonesimulator2.2.1
Html output
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Clang Static Analyzer
Leak detail:
Html output
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Xcode: Organizer
• Crash logs
• Provisioning Profiles
• Etc...
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Xcode: debugging
• DEMO (10-15’):
Insert a Breakpoint
Build & Go
Using the console
Simulator Overview
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Interface Builder
• Interface Builder makes it simple to prototype a full user
interface without writing any code. Laying out windows,
buttons, sliders, and other controls will create a fully-functioning Mac or
iPhone user interface.You can then turn that prototype into a real
application, keeping all the interface objects and adding features to them.
Xcode works with Interface Builder in real time so you
simply wire up the code you write in Xcode to the graphical controls
within Interface Builder.
• Changes to the user interface do not require you to recompile your
code, and changes to your code do not require you to recompile the
user interface.
[Source: Apple Dev Tools]
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Interface Builder: overview
Xib
organizer
Interface
preview
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Interface Builder: the Inspector
Attributes Connections Size Identity
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Interface Builder: the Library
Controllers
Data Views
Inputs & Values
Windows, Views & Bars
Details View
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Interface Builder: linking objects mode #1
Select IBOutlets
Click and hold CTRL key
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Interface Builder: linking objects mode #2
Select IBOutlets directly and
Drag &Drop up to Button
Select File’s Owner
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Interface Builder: overview
• DEMO (10-15’):
Create a simple interface
Customize view and objects
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Controllers type
TabBar
Controller
NavBar
Controller
ModalView
Controller
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Controllers type
• TabBar
Controller
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Controllers type
TabBar Item
• TabBar
Controller Image Item
Badge Values
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Controllers type
• NavBar
Controller
Customization
example
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Controllers type
• NavBar
Controller
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Interface Builder: Application example
NavBar Buttons
Add Button
Cell Search Button
Toolbar Buttons
Tab Bar
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Design Workflow
Common:
Alternative process :
Iterate UI design with a graphic designer
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Interface Builder: working with Paper
Graphic resources for Paper
Ex: http://theresaneil.wordpress.com/2009/09/16/iphone3g-design-resources/
http://www.uistencils.com/
http://notepod.net/
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Interface Builder: working with Photoshop
Graphic resources for Photoshop
Ex: http://www.teehanlax.com/blog/?p=1628
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Interface Builder: working with OmniGraffle
Graphic resources for OmniGraffle
Ex: http://theresaneil.wordpress.com/2009/09/16/iphone3g-design-resources/
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An application design evolution: Convert
• Video (2’)
Source: http://www.taptaptap.com/blog/convert-design-evolution/
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Object Basics
• Class: defines the grouping of data and code, the “type”
of an object
• Instance: a specific allocation of a class
• Method: a “function” that an object knows how to perform
• Instance Variable: a specific piece of data belonging to
an object
• Encapsulation: keep implementation private and
separate from interface
• Polymorphism: different objects, same interface
• Inheritance: hierarchical organization, share code,
customize or extend behaviors
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Object
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Behavior
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Message
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State
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Outlets
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Target/Action
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Intro to ObjectiveC
• You may use several programming languages when developing
Cocoa software, but the essential, required language is
Objective-C.
• Objective-C is a superset of ANSI C that has been extended
with certain syntactical and semantic features (derived from
Smalltalk) to support object-oriented programming.
• The few added conventions are simple and easy to learn and
use.
• Because Objective-C rests on a foundation of ANSI C, you can
freely intermix straight C code with Objective-C code.
• You can even mix C++ code with your Cocoa code and link
them into the same executable.
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Dynamic Language
• Almost everything is done at runtime
• Uses dynamic typing, linking, and binding
• This allows for greater flexibility
• Minimizes RAM and CPU usage
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ObjectiveC
• C with some keywords to add classes
–(i.e., @interface and @class)
• Lots of square brackets.
• You do not call a method. Instead you send a
message to an object (i.e., dynamic runtime)
• No memory management (reference
counting)
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Objective C Methods
• C# / Java
–objInstance.methodName(param1, param2);
• Objective-C (named parameters)
–[objInstance methodName:param1
paramName:param2];
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Memory management
• Reference counting model
–alloc sets count to 1.
–retain increases count, release decreases.
–autorelease adds object to the autorelease pool
• Usually lasts the duration of the event being
processed.
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Properties
• Syntatic sugar that enables “dot property”
syntax.
• Use @property in header file.
• foo.bar = 10; OR [foo setBar:10];
• int var = foo.bar; OR int var = [foo bar];
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