2. God of all nations,
Who wrote the destiny of
humanity and on all
civilizations, bestowed beauty…
May we become fitting
characters in the story of our
covenant
May we become strong enough
in tirelessly performing our role
as stewards of Your creation
May we cling to the past when
glory and freedom ring, just like
the martyrs of our nation did…
May we eternally etch in our
hearts just like our forefathers
did, the moment Your Son
Incarnate walked on mortal
paths
May we wipe off the tears and
heal the wounds that blemished
the pages of our history
May we learn from the misdeeds
of our precursors that forever
altered our direction
May we forever stray from the
testaments of war-torn history
by Herodotus of the West and
Sima Qian of the East
And as the ancients called on
You and praised You in whatever
name their mentors taught
them…
We echo their voices of love,
repentance and thanksgiving
AMEN
Prayer for Our History
By Tyrone Jann Nepomuceno
5. General Definitions of History
• The record of the past actions of mankind
based upon surviving evidence.
• The soul of a nation that provides information
of past world events.
• The story of mankind.
6. “History is not a mere conflation of names, dates and events, not a mere
arrangement of phenomena. We must view it as an instrument for hindsight and as a
diary of human civilization's triumphs for us to replicate and blunders to avoid for a
worthwhile 'present.' History also is a tool for a clear foresight, and gives us both
warnings and encouragements to chart our future. It is not dead, it is a living
discipline. History is an art with a beating heart. It's death will come when the last man
stops breathing, when no one is left to remember.” May 16, 2014
“History is an on-going narrative of the human race that teaches us and posterity
about the extent of human ideas, abilities and potential. We are shown by its annals
the ingenuity of our forebears as they labor to search for knowledge and truth, so we
can have something to learn, read from books and search in the net for our own utility.
But its annals also, were never silent about human mistakes and misdeeds ought to be
remembered but never to be replicated. It tells of both the near and distant past
without which the present will never materialize and the future aborted. It is a story
shared by all of us that serves as an instrument towards the satisfaction of national
identity, unity and worth. History gives us pride by showing us our place in the family
of nations as we learn how to recognize other nations' pride and place.” May 17,
2014
7. “Our History's books have war torn pages and blood stained
chapters. Most of the times, one must fall for another to rise as
proven for example by the Fall of the Christian-led Kingdom of
Jerusalem in the hands of Saladdin. But these also show us and our
posterity; as we watch History's events unfold, that the only
permanent phenomenon is change and temporariness is an
inescapable reality. Maybe, the sage Sun Zi is correct when he
expressed in the 'Art of War:' "War is the province of life and
death.”” May 17, 2014
8. SOME THEORIES OF HISTORY:
1.Friedrich Hegel’s (Dialectics: Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis)
2. Auguste Comte’s “Law of Three Stages”
3.Giambattista Vico’s “Three Ages”
4.Immanuel Kant’s “Idea of a Universal History from a
Cosmopolitan Point of View”
5.Karl Popper’s “Conspiracy Theory of Society”
6. Arnold J. Toynbee’s “Challenge and Response”
7. Annales School (Fernand Braudel)
9. Importance of History
1) study of the past helps us to understand the
present
2) knowledge of history makes the reading of
printed materials more interesting and
knowledgeable
3) gives the student a greater tolerance for the
opinion of others
4) So that we may be capable of knowing who we
are and would know where we are going
5) So that we may be capable of loving our own
country through knowing the past
10. (An excerpt from: “SOCIAL STUDIES: AN ACADEMIC ENTERPRISE OF REVISION,
RELATION AND CREATIVE APPLICATION,” paper presented in the DLSU Education
Congress of 2012)
“Aristotle, the great philosopher and teacher recognized the importance of history, as
seen in his Rhetorics, where he placed high regard for the work of Herodotus, the
father of History. Aristotle used the lessons of history to formulate ideas on
government and society in general to make the world a better place in his own way.
Philosophy, as they say, is the mother of all the sciences. It is fitting therefore to brand
History as the father of all sciences. Mothers serve as lights of the home and fathers as
its pillar. If Philosophy’s role is to enlighten people, History’s role is to become the
strength and basis for the enlightenment of the people. The mother only reaches the
fulfillment of her biological role in collaboration with the father. Philosophy reaches
the fulfillment of its pedagogical role with the aid of history’s lessons.
In order to paint a clear picture for the understanding of history, the other disciplines
from the social sciences and humanities (auxiliary sciences) become equally
important. History is always regarded as the study of the past, but it ceases to be the
same, for the story of humankind continues to be written and relayed and
increasingly becomes more complex.”
11. Divisions of History
1) Unrecorded History (Pre-Historic)
– Refers to those early times of which there are no
written records.
– No system of writing existed.
Ex.:
STONE AGE - period of unrecorded history
because most of the relics of this time are of stone
12. PERIODS IN PRE HISTORY OR STONE
AGE
1) Old Stone Age (Paleolithic Age)
2) New Stone Age (Neolithic Age)
3) Metal Age (Iron, Bronze, Copper)
1m-12,000 BC Paleolithic
12,000-7,000 BC Mesolithic
7,000-3,000 BC Neolithic A. Stone Age
3,000 BC-476 AD Ancient
476 AD-1600 AD Medieval B. Metal Age
1600 AD-Present Modern Period
13. 2) Recorded History (Historic)
Refers to that period of man's life on earth of
which there are written records of some kind.
DIVISIONS OF RECORDED HISTORY:
1) Ancient -from the beginning to about 500 CE
2) Medieval- the middle period from 500 CE to
1600 CE.
3) Modern- from 1600 CE to the present
14. Ways of Measuring Time
1) Jews - counted from the creation of the world
(which according to them) took place about 3,761
years before our year 1 (AD)
2) Greeks - counted from the first Olympic Games,
said to have been held 776 years before Christ
birth
-OLYMPIAD
15. 3) Romans - took as their year 1, the year
of the founding of their city, 753 years BC.
4) Christians -began the custom of
counting backward and forward from the
year of Christ birth.
16. Sources of History
1 ) Written records -all made by man.
2) Unwritten records -information that was handled down from generation to
Generation by word of mouth, especially before the invention of printing
3) Objects used by man -these are everything used by man.
4) Pictorial Data -drawings, printings, maps.
DIVISIONS: Primary and Secondary Sources
ETHNOLOGY -sciences of races and people, their relations to one another,
their distinctive physical and other characteristics.
17. Dating Information
1) Cultural Dating
2) Absolute and Relative Dating
3) Scientific Dating
4) Radiocarbon Dating
