Radiation Dosimetry Parameters and Isodose Curves.pptx
Rx16 tpp wed_200_group
1. Turning Off the Faucet from Above:
Health Plan Involvement
in Safe Prescribing
Presenters:
• Roneet Lev, MD, Director of Operations, Scripps Mercy Hospital Emergency
Department, and Chair, San Diego County (CA) Rx Drug Abuse Medical Task
Force
• Daniel Calac, MD, FAAP, Chief Medical Officer, Indian Health Council, Inc.
• Margaret Mendes, PharmD, Program Director, Academic Detailing Service, VA
Desert Pacific Healthcare Network
• George Scolari, Behavioral Health Program Manager, Community Health Group
Third-Party Payer Track
Moderator: Mark D. Birdwhistell, MPA, Vice President for
Administration and External Affairs, University of Kentucky HealthCare
2. Disclosures
Daniel Calac, MD, FAAP; Roneet Lev, MD;
Margaret Mendes, PharmD; George Scolari; and
Mark D. Birdwhistell, MPA, have disclosed no
relevant, real, or apparent personal or
professional financial relationships with
proprietary entities that produce healthcare
goods and services.
3. Disclosures
• All planners/managers hereby state that they or their
spouse/life partner do not have any financial
relationships or relationships to products or devices
with any commercial interest related to the content of
this activity of any amount during the past 12 months.
• The following planners/managers have the following to
disclose:
– John J. Dreyzehner, MD, MPH, FACOEM – Ownership
interest: Starfish Health (spouse)
– Robert DuPont – Employment: Bensinger, DuPont &
Associates-Prescription Drug Research Center
4. Learning Objectives
1. Describe strategies to engage health plans in
safe prescribing efforts.
2. Identify some red flag medications and
combinations that are key to safe prescribing.
3. Outline some health plan policies that can be
used for safe prescribing.
4. Provide accurate and appropriate counsel as
part of the treatment team.
5. Roneet Lev, MD, Director of Operations, Scripps Mercy Hospital San Diego
Chair, San Diego Prescription Drug Abuse MedicalTask Force
DanielCalac, MD, Chief Medical Officer, Indian Health Council, Inc
Margaret Mendes Pharm D, Program Director,VA San Diego Healthcare System
George Scolari, Behavioral Health Program Manager,Community Health Group
6. VA Health Care
The San Diego Medical Task Force and Death Diaries
Community Health Group
1
3
4
2 Indian Health Council
5 Health Plan Recommendations
7. San Diego Death Diaries
Medical Examiner and PDMP
Data Results
8. Facilitator
DEA
Emergency Physicians
Primary Care
Pain Management
Addiction Specialists
PharmacyAssociation
HospitalAssociation
Dental Association
PsychiatricAssociation
Pediatric Association
Kaiser
Scripps
Sharp
Community Clinics
VA
Military
Palomar Pomerado
Indian Health
Methadone Clinic
9. ME Data
• 254 deaths with
prescriptions as cause of
death
• Could be with alcohol, illicit,
over the counter
PDMP Data
• Does Not Include
VA
Balboa Naval Hospital
Methadone Clinics
Inpatient hospitals
186
68
254 Prescription Related Deaths
in San Diego 2013
CURES Data
No CURES
12. 12
PDMP Match (3)
6%
PDMP Match + Doctor
Shopper (3)
7%
PMDP Match + Doctor
Shopper + Illicit (1)
2%
No Recent
Methadone Rx (3)
7%
No Methadone on
PDMP (24)
52%
No PDMP Data (12)
26%
PDMP Match (3)
PDMP Match + Doctor Shopper
(3)
PMDP Match + Doctor Shopper
+ Illicit (1)
No Recent Methadone Rx (3)
No Methadone on PDMP (24)
46 deaths
Number One drug to cause a single medication related death
85% (39) of Deaths Rx from outside PDMP system
100% deaths (7) from PDMP system from primary care
13. All PDMP Reports – 54% (100 patients)
ME Deaths – 21% (55)
39
16
Opioids + Benzodiazepines
ME Reports – 55 patients
PDMP Match
No Match
100
86
PDMP Reports with
Opioid + Benzodiazepine
Combination
Opioid + Benzo
No Combination
13
14. 52 Patients (28% of all PDMP Reports)were Doctor
Shoppers
“The Heavy Half” = Received 51% of all Rx
50/50 Male/Female
28%
72%
% Doctor Shoppers
Doctor Shopper
Regular Patient
14
15. Emergency Department Guidelines
Urgent Care Guidelines
Medication Agreements
Treatment Guidelines
Interdisciplinary Conferences
Educational Outreach
Magazine Publications
Case Discussions
Media Outreach
Further Research
Medical Examiner Feedback to Physicians
16. Lev, R et al “A description of Medical Examiner prescription –related
deaths and prescription drug monitoring program data” American
Journal of Emergency Medicine. December 2015.
Lev, R et al “Methadone Deaths Compared to All Prescription Related
Deaths” Forensic Science International.2015
Lev, R et al “Who is prescribing controlled medications to patients who
die from prescription drug abuse?” AmericanJournal of Emergency
Medicine.Oct 2015.
16
24. Study Goal: to reduce availability and misuse of
prescription pain pills in a rural tribal community
Hypotheses: To use focused community interventions to:
1) Create convenient options for community members to reduce
availability of non-prescribed use;
2) Demonstrate feasibility of a culturally tailored and environmentally
sound drug disposal system in American Indian communities; and
3) Change norms around giving away one’s prescription pain pills to
family members or friends.
25. Created in 2008 to address rising prescription
pain medication misuse/abuse
Use a multidisciplinary approach which
addresses the physical, psychological and
social issues associated with chronic pain
conditions
Hold patient and provider accountable for use of
opioid medications for chronic health
26. Updated prescribing practices and
policies in IHC medical manual
Implement a Pain Agreement
Conduct a initial assessment
▪ Formulate a treatment plan
Treatment plan includes other modalities
▪ Acupuncture, group therapy, chiropractics,
physical therapy, nutrition education
27. Set a maximum number of 200mg pill/month
of any one opioids; set a maximum daily
morphine equivalent dosage at 200mg
Conduct Urine Drug Screens
Conduct a CURES report
Administer pain questionnaires
28. Conduct initial
evaluation
• History and physical examination
• Lab work ordered
• Screen for abuse potential using SOAAP-R
• Run CURES report to check for recent opioid activity elsewhere
Pain
Agreement
• Provider creates a plan that includes other modalities
• Acupuncture, group therapy, chiropractics, physical therapy, nutrition education
• Patient and provider sign agreement, and a copy of the agreement is given to the patient
• Patient conducts additional assessments with other modalities
Follow up
• At subsequent visits, patient leaves a urine specimen for a drug screen
• Pain questionnaire
• Review Pain Agreement
29. Training IHC providers on safe prescribing
No longer prescribing soma (Carisoprodol)
Limit opioid formulary to MS Contin,
Oxycontin, combination analgesics
30. Interviewing tribal leaders about prescription drug
disposal practices and barriers to implementation
Conducting focus groups on disposal methods
Conducting pill take-back events
Establishing permanent drop-boxes
31. Daniel Calac, MD, dcalac@indianhealth.com
Tony Luna, MA, tluna@indianhealth.com
Roland Moore, PhD, roland@prev.org
Rick Mcgaffigan, MA, rmcgaffigan@prev.org
33. Discuss risks with opioids and benzodiazepines
RecognizeVeteran patients at increased risk
DescribeVA policies and processes to reduce combination
Show success inVA
Discuss future education on benzodiazepine safety
33
34. After opioids, benzodiazepines are drug class most commonly involved
in pharmaceutical OD deaths (30%) 1
In the general population benzodiazepines are class most commonly
involved in an opioid-related death (30%) 1
In theVA, 50% of opioid OD deaths are on concurrent
benzodiazepines2
Among opioid users, risk of death goes up with benzodiazepines in a
dose-response fashion
1. Jones CM, et al. JAMA 2013;309 (70):657-659.
2. Park TW, et al. BMJ. 2015;350:h2698.
36. Veterans are twice as likely to die from accidental overdose compared to
the non-Veteran population
Assessment of risk factors is important in ourVeteran population
especially in returning combatVeterans
Psychological distress may lead to inappropriate use of opioid
medications
Caution should be used in this population
Bohnert AS, et al. Med Care 2011;49: 393–396
37. VISN 22 Network Policy N.:2015-05: Chronic Opioid Use for Non-Malignant Pain
38.
39. Education on risks of
overdose
Offer naloxone kits to
patients at risk of
overdose
40. Patient resistance
Provider resistance
Visit time constraints and follow up
Different prescribers of the medications
Primary Care – Opioids
Mental Health – Benzodiazepines
41.
42. Benzodiazepines in the elderly
Associated with significant risks: falls1, hip fractures2,3,4, sedation1,
CI,1,5,6 MVA7,8, OD9,10
Benzodiazepines in dementia
Generally not recommended due to side effects. Lorazepam and
oxazepam do not require oxidative metabolism in the liver and have
no active metabolites therefore many clinicians prefer these agents.11
Benzodiazepines in PTSD
No efficacy to support core symptoms. Cognitive effects are
concerning.12
Insomnia education
50% increase in overall mortality rates associated with long-term
benzodiazepine use.13
Promoting non-pharmacological treatment first
Cognitive BehavioralTherapy (CBT), CBT for Insomnia, relaxation
therapy, supportive therapy
43. 1. Glass J, et al. BMJ. 2005;331(7526):1169.
2. Ray WA, et al. JAMA. 1989. 262(23):3303-3307.
3. Wang PS, et al. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158(6):892-8.
4. Chang CM, et al. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008;16(8):686-92.
5. Paterniti S, et al. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002;22(3):285-93.
6. Billoti de Gage S, et al. BMJ. 2012. 345:e6231.
7. Ray WA, et al. Am J Epidemiology.1992;136(7):873-83.
8. Hemmelgarn B, et al. JAMA. 1997;278(1):27-31.
9. Jones CM, et al. JAMA 2013;309(70):657-659.
10. ParkTW, et al. BMJ. 2015;350:h2698.
11. Rabins PV, et al. APA Practice Guideline forTreatment of Patients with Alzheimer’s
Disease and other dementias.
12. VA/DoD 2010 Practice Guidelines for Management of PTSD. www.healquality.va.gov
13. Kripke DF, et al. 2012 BMJ open 2 , e000850.
44. George Scolari, Behavioral Health Program Manager
Community Health Group
Chair, Healthy San Diego Behavioral HealthWork Group
45. Formed in 1998, Healthy San Diego is the
umbrella in which 5 Medicaid (Medi-Cal)
Managed Care Plan’s operate in San Diego.
Care1st, Community Health Group, Health Net,
Kaiser Permanente & Molina Healthcare.
The Healthy San Diego Behavioral Health Work
Group was formed in 1998 when Specialty
Mental Health was contractually carved out of
Medi-Cal Managed Care Plans in California.
46. Dr. Roneet Lev, Chair of the San Diego
Prescription Drug Abuse MedicalTask Force,
presented “San Diego Death Diaries” to
Community Health Group’s Pharmacy and
Therapeutics Committee Meeting.
The Committee elected to look at “Red Flag”
medications and combinations within
Community Health Group’s utilization data.
47. HolyTrinity (opioid, benzodiazepine, and
carisoprodol)
Benzodiazepines Plus Opioids
Soma (carisoprodol)
Ambien (Zolpidem) – long term
Xanax – long term
Long Acting Opioids – by ED provider
Methadone – by Primary Care
48.
49. Community Health Group is in the process of
implementing a pain management specialty
restriction on methadone prescriptions.
CHG’s Chief Medical Officer and Pharmacy Director
had a conversation with an “outlier” prescriber who is
not a pain management specialist.
CHG’s P&T voted to remove Soma from formulary.
Safe Prescribing Guide developed by the Healthy San
Diego Behavioral HealthWork Group.
50. Chronic, non-cancer pain management
by pain management specialists or in
consultation with pain management
specialists
Prior authorization and utilization
management edits such as:
Quantity and fill limits,
Formulary management,
Provider restrictions
Concurrent use edits.
51. Use of treatment plans to include
assessment of pain; treatment modalities
considered, tried, failed; treatment goals;
medication necessary to manage pain.
Use of a pain contract between prescriber
and member.
Restrict members to one prescriber.
Restrict members to one pharmacy.
Random drug screens.
Regular review of utilization management
reports based on members, prescribers,
and pharmacies.
Recommend providers check CURES.
52. Review utilization of the “HolyTrinity” use among
CHG members.
Review data by prescribers.
Address utilization with “outliers”.
Work on utilization management edits – will have to
address strategically since this is likely to affect
many providers and members.
Collaborate with other San Diego Medi-Cal
Managed Care Plan’s (Healthy San Diego) .
53.
54. Promote PDMP Use Promote Utilization of Drug Screens
Use Medication Agreements
Education
Formulary Changes
Prior Authorization
Provider Restriction
Alternate PainTreatment Modality
Join One San DiegoVision
56. Benzodiazepine plus Opioids – avoid combination
Soma (Carisoprodol) – off formulary
Methadone– restricted provider
Xanax – non formulary
High Dose Morphine Equivalent- prior authorization for
new start > 90 MME
New Start Opioids – prior authorization for > 2-3 months
Acute Prescriptions – limit to 30 tablets
Feedback to providers after EmergencyVisit
57. Federal
Patient Satisfaction is Obstacle to Safe Prescribing
Do not link money with satisfaction scores for doctors
CURES gold standard: Universal, RealTime, Actively Managed
State
Data comparison for state
Education Databank
Law enforcement allowed to assist with court mandated
rehabilitation, allow PDMP access
Pain CME, not biased towards pharmaceutical
Local
Health Plan Best Practices
Feedback from Medical Examiner to Provider
Pediatrician involved in prevention
Unified Media Message
58. Turning Off the Faucet from Above:
Health Plan Involvement
in Safe Prescribing
Presenters:
• Roneet Lev, MD, Director of Operations, Scripps Mercy Hospital Emergency
Department, and Chair, San Diego County (CA) Rx Drug Abuse Medical Task
Force
• Daniel Calac, MD, FAAP, Chief Medical Officer, Indian Health Council, Inc.
• Margaret Mendes, PharmD, Program Director, Academic Detailing Service, VA
Desert Pacific Healthcare Network
• George Scolari, Behavioral Health Program Manager, Community Health Group
Third-Party Payer Track
Moderator: Mark D. Birdwhistell, MPA, Vice President for
Administration and External Affairs, University of Kentucky HealthCare
Editor's Notes
What else would you add?
Death Diaries
Indian Health Council has been existence for over forty years. It has had some meager beginnings that began with the Dept of Navy providing some basic dental services and medical care from the small wood building located down the road on Golsh.
IHC provides care to 9 consortia tribes along the Hwy 76 Corridor and its service are comprised North San Diego County, nearly 200 square miles and a population of 300,000. The organization has had several locations that include a now renovated taco shop 6 miles down the road, to the 8000 sq ft structure across the street to the now state of the art 50,000 sq ft facility
IHC is a 501 3c organization that operates on a 20 million dollar budget. As IHS provides 60 cents on the dollar, IHC has a vigorous grant writing operation that allows enhanced services to be provided to its consortia members, including the Pill Take Back Project.
IHC is accredited by the prestigious Accreditation Associated for Ambulatory Health Care Inc. (AAAHC)
IHC provides provides primary care to the community. There are some speciality services that include Cardiology Consult, Acupuncture, Podiatry, Obstetric/Gynecology, Ophthalmology, Internal Medicine and Pediatrics. There are over 20,000 visits per year for clients utilizing IHC as their medical home. There are 6 Full time providers that include an Internal Medicine/Pediatrician, Two Family Practice providers, two Physician Assistants, and One Nurse Practitioner. The client chart is maintained electronically with third party NextGen EMR that was installed in 2011. Additioanally, population management is monitored with i2i extraction software to enhance targeted therapeutic strategies. Hours of operation are 800-630 M-F at the Main site in Rincon and 8-430 MWF at the Satellite Clinic in Santa Ysabel.
We also provide:
Diabeties care for over 300 persons
complete preventative dental care, including pedondontic, orthodontics, and periodontal
behavioral health services, including individual and family counseling, substance abuse counseling
Traditional medicine – sweat lodge for clients in recovery
Tribal family services that promotes reunification and conflict resolution for families
This slide details how Veterans with MH disorders and PTSD are at increased risk of high-risk opioid use and adverse clinical outcomes. This was based on a study of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans who received a new non-cancer-pain diagnosis within 1 year of VA entry were followed x 1 yr to evaluate whether an opioid was prescribed for 20 or more consecutive days. Patients with MH disorders were significantly more likely to receive opioids than veterans without a MH diagnosis. Veterans with PTSD were significantly more likely to be in the highest quintile for dose, receive more than 1 type of opioid concurrently, receive concurrent sedative hypnotics including benzos, and obtain early opioid refills than Veterans without a MH diagnoses.
Here are a list of red flag medications:
The “Holy Trinity” are:
Percocet
Soma
Xanax
Sleep aids are not meant for chronic use.
Ambien is the number one problematic medication for physicians who are addicted.
Xanax is intended for short term use only, not a life long prescription.
Soma should be taken off the formulary.
Soma does not provide muscle relaxation, and does cause death and addiction.