The determinants of quality higher education systems: the U21 Rankings - Ross Williams, Gaetan de Rassenfosse, Paul Jensen, Simon Marginson

The determinants of qualityhigher education systems: the U21 Rankings Ross Williams Gaetan de Rassenfosse Paul Jensen Simon Marginson University of Melbourne for Universitas 21

Purpose of a Higher Education System• Economic development depends on an educated and skilled workforce, and technological improvements that raise productivity• Higher education system meets these needs through education, training and research• International links important for transfer of new discoveries, trade and cultural ties

Conceptual Building Blocks R+EC+O R: Resources E: Environment C: Connectivity O: Output

Environment• Governance (management, autonomy, accountability)• Diversity (public/private, missions)• Meets needs of competitive economy (WEF)• Equal opportunity (gender, socio-economic)• Quality data for monitoring

Governance: U21 QuestionnaireAccountability• Is there a national regulatory body (bodies)for higher education (public and private)?• Are the results made public?Autonomy• Are academics in public institutions government employees?• Degree of freedom for academics to move across institutions• Ease with which foreign academics can be employed.Management• Degree of independence in appointing the CEO

Ranking on EnvironmentTop 4 Bottom 4• Netherlands • India• New Zealand • South Africa• United States • Turkey• Hong Kong SAR • Greece

Connectivity• Domestic: private funding of research, joint publications with industry, input into public policy• International: students and joint authorship

The state variables: Resources• R1: Government expenditure on tertiary education as a percentage of GDP• R2: Total expenditure on tertiary education as a percentage of GDP• R3: Total expenditure per student• R4: Expenditure in tertiary institutions for R&D as a percentage of GDP• R5: Expenditure in tertiary institutions for R&D per head of population

Output• Research – Articles: total and per head of population – Average impact of articles• Universities – Depth of world class institutions – Excellence of 3 best universities• Participation – Enrolment rates – Percent population with tertiary qualification• Meeting national needs – Researchers per head of population – Unemployment rate of tertiary educated

Rankings for resources and output Resources Output Canada USA Denmark UK Sweden Canada USA Finland Norway Sweden Finland Denmark Switzerland Australia Singapore Switzerland

State variables determine outputO = -34.36 + 0.536 R + 0.465 E (R2 = 0.610) (15.14) (0.083) (0.187)O = -13.28 + 0.715 R3 + 0.282 E (R2 = 0.824) (11.28) (0.063) (0.143) O = Output; R = Resources; E = Environment R3 = Funding per student

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The determinants of quality higher education systems: the U21 Rankings - Ross Williams, Gaetan de Rassenfosse, Paul Jensen, Simon Marginson

by OECD Education on Oct 30, 2012

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