Exploring the Social Foundations of Learning Through Neuroscience, Technology and Education

Exploring the Social Foundations of Learning ThroughNeuroscience, Technology, and Education Patricia Kuhl, Ph.D. Director, Science of Learning Center (LIFE) Co-Director, Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences University of Washington, Seattle WA

LIFE: Learning in Informal & Formal Environments www.life-slc.org

Life-long and Life-wide Learning: Social Foundations of LearningLife-long, from infancy to adulthoodLife-wide, occurring across a wide variety of settingsLife-deep, culturally embedded and intertwined with our value systems

Human Social Coordination (e.g., Joint Visual Attention)Humans learn implicitly from others Social eye-gaze predicts learning Teachers’ social behavior affects learning Teaching robots to follow human gaze

Children’s Early Language Learning Requires Social Interaction Infants learn foreign-language phonemes and words rapidly from live exposure, but no learning occurs when television or audio- only presentation is used Kuhl et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 2003 5

Children Can Not Learn Language from a TelevisionInfants attend to the lights and colors on a television, but they donot learn language from the television presentationKuhl et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 2003 6

Joint Media Engagement  Learning from media is enhanced by social partners  New research examines children s learning with mentors  How can multimedia positively impact learning? Viewing media with parents Language learning from technology? and/or mentors

‘Social’RobotsEnhanceLearningInterdisciplinarycollaboration ofdevelopmentalistsand computerscientistsMeltzoff, Rao et al,Neural Networks, 2010

Translational Research: “Social” Robots Interact Using Language RUBI the robot behaves socially by turning its head towards children, giggling when touched, accepting toys with its pincer, and naming the objects in Finnish using full sentences Children in a day-care setting interact with a social robotMovellan & Kuhl, work in progress

Translational Research Partnership with Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation •  Pea is Co-Lead for the Video-Plus Workgroup for Measures of Teacher Effectiveness •  3,300 Grade 4-10 teachers and their students are being video recorded, 4 lessons each year coded and rated, for use in developing measures of effective teaching and for supporting teacher professional development resources for building capacity in school systems •  DIVER video software from the LIFE Center will identify the roles of social in learning" from video analysis for use in teacher professional improvement

Designing Advanced Placement (AP)Courses to Increase Social Interaction

Social Belief in “Virtual Other”  Human vs. Computer –  Science content for 5th grade students –  Students told live person vs. computer agent –  Arousal and attention increase for live –  Learning improves in live  Brain Measures –  Arousal predicts learning –  Live improves transfer –  Hippocampus, amygdala, reward system activated in live condition

A Learner’s Identity Matters!Learners as Creators STEM Expertise Bilingual Identity Engineering Positioning & Academic Math 13

Brain Measures ofHuman Social Learning

Magnetoencephalography (MEG)The Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, 2011

Brain Mechanisms Underlying Social LearningListening to language from a person vs. a machine 16

Early Brain Measures to SyllablesPredict Language up to 30 MonthsKuhl & Rivera-Gaxiola, Annual Review of Neuroscience, 2008

Early learning environment and brain development Broca s area: Critical for language and social skills SES is related to brain activation in Broca s area in 5-year-old children Raizada, Brooks, Meltzoff & Kuhl, NeuroImage, 2008

Social Neuroscience: How Does the Social Brain Affect Learning? Social interaction, socio-cultural identity, and emotion affect human learning

Informing Policymakers: Neuroscience and Education Arne Duncan, U.S. Secretary of Education, tours MEG Facility at I- LABS, July 2010•  In the U.S., States compete for ‘Race to the Top’ awards•  Goal is to ensure all children succeed in school•  U.S. Deparments of Education and Health & Human Services awarded $60M to the State of Washington in December 2011•  LIFE/I-LABS brain research was highlighted in the announcement 21

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