Present Perfect Tense

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Глаголы в английском языке бывают правильные – regular и неправильные - irregular
Правильные глаголы образуют прошедшее время с помощью окончания “ed”, ( V + ed ),
которое читается как:
[ d ] – после гласных и звонких согласных
play- play ed , open-open ed , close –clos ed
[ t ] – после глухих и шипящих согласных
wash- wash ed , stop- stopp ed , ask - ask ed
[ id ] - после глаголов, оканчивающихся на [ d ] и [ t ].
want –want ed , plant- plant ed , translate – translat ed , need - need ed
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Неправильные глаголы. Irregular Verbs.
Go –went - gone
Take-took – taken
Have – had – had
See – saw – seen
Do – did – done
Bring – brought – brought
Run – ran – run
Put- -put – put
Find- found – found
Write -wrote-written
Catch- caught- caught
Learn- learnt- learnt
Teach – taught- taught
Buy – bought- bought
Неправильные глаголы изменяют свою форму . back menu next

Learn the Three Forms of the Verbs
Be- was/were- been
Bite- bit – bitten
Bring- brought- brought
Open- opened-opened
Close- closed- closed
Come – came- come
Buy- bought- bought
Cook – cooked- cooked
Cost – cost- cost
Do – did – done
Dress – dressed- dressed
Drink – drank- drunk
Decide – decided- decided
Fight- fought- fought
Find – found – found
Go – went – gone
Read – read- read
Play – played- played
Stop – stopped- stopped
Wash – washed- washed
Watch – watched- watched
Run – ran- run
Make – made- made
Repeat –repeated - repeated
irregular regular back menu next

Образование Present Perfect Tense back menu next Have Has + Past Participle (3 форма глагола) Regular Verbs Have/has opened Have/has played Have/has closed Have/has painted Have/has reached Irregular Verbs Have/has been Have/has seen Have/has gone Have/has come Have/has brought

Действие произошло в прошлом, а результат его в настоящем.
Нас не интересует, когда было совершено действие, нас интересует результат.
Он уже прочел книгу. (Он знает главных героев, содержание и т.д.) Нам не важно, когда он ее читал, важен лишь факт, что он ее прочел.
Он никогда не видел этот фильм. (Он не имеет ни малейшего представления о нем).
Вы когда либо бывали в Лондоне? Видели ли вы, слышали ли вы и т.д.
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just- только что
yet – еще, уже (вопрос. и отриц.)
already - уже
ever - когда-либо
never - никогда
before - прежде
today - сегодня
this morning - сегодня утром
this week - на этой неделе
this month - в этом месяце
lately – недавно (последние дни, недели)
recently – недавно (последние месяцы, годы)
back menu next Употребляй Present Perfect со следующими временными наречиями:

Learn the Grammar Rule:
Present Perfect относится к настоящему времени и не употребляется в повествовании, где описываются действия в прошлом!
Present Perfect употребляется для выражения законченного действия, но результат этого действия непосредственно связан с настоящим, причём в этом случае для нас важно совершение этого действия.
- I have broken my pencil!- I can not write the dictation.
Не так важно когда, главное, что: I have got no pencil now .
И результат: I have no pencil to write with .
- What’s the matter? Why are you so sad?
- I have just received a letter from my friend. She is ill.
- Do you know that Tom...?
- We have already heard about that!
- May I go for a walk?
- You must do your homework.
- I have already done it.
- Let’s water the plants! - I have just done it.
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Pussy Cat, Pussy Cat,
Where have you been?
- I have been to London
To look at the Queen.
Это означает, что кошка была в Лондоне, но уже вернулась назад.
- Don’t look for the cat. It has gone to the garden. (= The cat is not here, it is either in the garden or on its way to the garden.)
Jane : Have you read any books by Dostoyevsky?
Mary : Yes, I have read some.
Jane : And have you read any books by Chekhov?
Mary : Of course, I have read his plays and short stories.
He is my favorite Russian writer.
Jane : And what about Bel’yaev?
Mary : I have never heard of this writer!
Джейн и Мэри говорят книгах, которые Мэри читала в своей жизни (и это период продолжается до настоящего времени).
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Мы используем Present Perfect, когда говорим о периоде прошедшего времени, который продолжается до настоящего времени. Приведем несколько примеров:
- Have you ever been to France?
- She has been to this museum several times.
- Have you ever heard his story?
- I have never seen such a terrible film.
Это время Present Perfect употребляется, чтобы сказать, что мы никогда не делали что-то или не делали что-то в период времени, который продолжается до настоящего времени.
Мы часто используем c present perfect ever или never:
- She has never read a single book!
- I havn't read the paper for the last two days.
- She has not written to me for a year,- said Roy.
Мы часто используем Present Perfect с выражениями This is the first time..., It’s the first time..., и т.д.
- This is the first time, I have visited the USA.
- It is the first time, they have come to our new flat.
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Рассмотрите данный пример:
Roy: Have you seen Mary?
Ann: No, I haven’t. I hope to see her at your party.
Снова мы говорим о периоде времени, который длится до момента речи.Таким образом, употребляется Present Perfect Tense.
Примеры:
- They have translated many interesting articles recently.
- Why have not you gone with them?
- I’ve completed writing my exercises at last!
В отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях
с Present Perfect часто используется yet . Yet показывает, что
говорящий предполагает , что что-то случится.
- She has not read the article yet.
- Has Mr. Smith left his house yet?
Это время часто употребляется с такими выражениями как this year, this week, this morning, this evening, this term, today и т.д.(т.е. периоды времени, которые не закончились в момент речи):
- I have not even had coffee this morning.
- This year we have taken only one assistant. (Год еще не закончился, и возможно, мы возьмем еще помощников.)
- I have had only one new dress this summer.- exclaimed Jane.
(Лето еще не закончилось.)
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Study Some Examples:
He has just returned from the trip to the mountains .
Has father come home yet? I am not sure. I think he is still playing football at the stadium.
He has already read the book and is speaking about it to his friend.
Has he ever been to London? Yes, he has. He was there last summer.
He has never visited Sochi but he is going there soon.
I don’t know how to do this work, I have not done it before.
I have met him in the street today.
I have done my exercises this morning.
He has come home from his business trip this week.
I haven’t seen him lately.
He has recently been abroad several times.
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Выучи спряжение глаголов в Present Perfect Tense:
I have just played football.
You have just played football.
He has just played football.
She has just played football.
We have just played football.
You have just played football.
They have just played football.
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Использование предлога Since
I have known him since my childhood.
I haven’t seen him since autumn.
He has lived here since 1982.
They have been friends since they went to school.
I haven’t heard from him since he left for London.
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Interrogative Sentences in Present Perfect Tense back menu next I have just finished reading the book. I Have just finished reading the book ? Yes, I have No, I haven’t Yes, you have No, you haven’t

Interrogative Sentences in Present Perfect Tense back menu next He has just finished reading the book. he Has just finished reading the book ? Yes, he has No, he hasn’t She, it – are used in the same way.

Wh – questions Вопросы к подлежащему
Вопросительные слова:
Who - кто
Who has ever been to the mountains?
What - что
What has she just brought?
Which - какой, который
Which man has been questioned by the police ?
Which of - кто из
Which of them has just returned from the trip?
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Выучи вопросительные слова к другим членам предложения:
- к определению подлежащего
Whose – чей
Whose sister has already left for Moscow?
- к сказуемому
What - что
What have they just done?
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- к дополнению
What kind of - какой, какая, какое
What kind of work has he fulfilled there?
What colour – какого цвета
What colour shirt have you bought?
Whom – кого , кому
Who (whom) has he just met?
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- к обстоятельству образа действия
How – как
How has she managed to get there?
How well – как хорошо
How well has he spoken at the meeting?
- к обстоятельству причины
Why – почему
Why haven’t you gone to see the doctor?
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- к обстоятельству места:
Where – где, куда
Where has he been lately?
Where have you spent your vacation?
- к обстоятельству времени:
When – вопроса «когда» в Present Perfect Tense не бывает.
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Отрицательная форма Negative Form
have not/has not =haven’t/hasn’t
I haven’t gone to school
You haven’t gone to school
He hasn’t gone to school
She hasn’t gone to school
It hasn’t gone to school
We haven’t gone to school
You haven’t gone to school
They haven’t gone to school
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Have Some Practice This witch is cooking broth. And this witch has already cooked broth. back menu next

back menu next This pair is dancing . And this pair has stopped dancing.

This Pirate is dancing jig. And this Pirate has already danced jig. back menu next

This group is dancing . And this group has just danced. back menu next

Look! The wizard is landing! Oh, yes. It is strange but he has landed in the mountains and has already begun witchcrafting. back menu next

The tiger is going. back menu next The Lion has appeared from the bush. He has roared a little and disappeared. The elk has passed us by. The tiger is going. It has gone away. After all of the animals disappeared a turkey has gone from under the bush.

Present Perfect Tense

by School on Oct 11, 2009

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