Globalisation

It [Globalization] is the transformation from
national and or regional economies to global
economies

Many say that Globalisation makes
developed nations (namely the USA)
wealthier and poor, undeveloped nations
poorer

“Despite rapid growth and development,
the world seems to have become
smaller. Through business and rapid
developments in communication, the
world is linked in a global village”
Source: Focus on History, Looking into the past, Grade 12 (p. 243)

Population: 170 Million

Population: 1 Billion

Population: 2 Billion

Population: 6 Billion

HDI (Human
Development Index)

According to the International Monetary
Fund (IMF), the blue areas on the map are
considered to be advanced economies

3 Stages of Globalisation

3 Stages of Globalisation
Stage 1
Global Integration
Facilitated by rail and sea
Communication via Telegraph

3 Stages of Globalisation
Stage 1 Stage 2
Establishment of IMF (International
Global Integration Monetary Fund)
Facilitated by rail and sea GATT (General Agreement on Trade Tariffs)
established
Communication via Telegraph
Capital inflows increase from USA
America production systems adopted
internationally

3 Stages of Globalisation
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
Establishment of IMF (International Rise of large industrial nations (East Asia)
Global Integration Monetary Fund)
Communication Advancements
Facilitated by rail and sea GATT (General Agreement on Trade Tariffs)
established Improved Transport Systems
Communication via Telegraph
Capital inflows increase from USA Assembly lines
America production systems adopted Computer Aided Production
internationally

In concept, Globalisation has positive effects
on education in less developed areas /
nations

Dimensions of Globalisation

Dimensions of Globalisation
(1) Trade

Dimensions of Globalisation
(1) Trade
(2) Finance

Dimensions of Globalisation
(1) Trade
(2) Finance
(3) Migration

Dimensions of Globalisation
(1) Trade
(2) Finance
(3) Migration
(4) Aid

Dimensions of Globalisation
(1) Trade
(2) Finance
(3) Migration
(4) Aid
(5) Intellectual Property

Dimensions of Globalisation

Dimensions of Globalisation
(1) Trade - The exchange of goods and services

Dimensions of Globalisation
(1) Trade - The exchange of goods and services
(2) Finance - The exchange of assets

Dimensions of Globalisation
(1) Trade - The exchange of goods and services
(2) Finance - The exchange of assets
(3) Aid - Transfer of loans and grants

Dimensions of Globalisation
(1) Trade - The exchange of goods and services
(2) Finance - The exchange of assets
(3) Aid - Transfer of loans and grants
(4) Migration - Movement between nations

Dimensions of Globalisation
(1) Trade - The exchange of goods and services
(2) Finance - The exchange of assets
(3) Aid - Transfer of loans and grants
(4) Migration - Movement between nations
(5) Intellectual Property - Technology and Ideas

Now the big issue...

Dimensions of Poverty
Poverty should not be viewed as a
one dimensional issue, but rather as
a multi dimensional one as it is
measured on a number of inter
related terms, such as...

Dimensions of Poverty

Dimensions of Poverty
(1) Income

Dimensions of Poverty
(1) Income
(2) Health

Dimensions of Poverty
(1) Income
(2) Health
(3) Education

Dimensions of Poverty
(1) Income
(2) Health
(3) Education
(4) Empowerment

Dimensions of Poverty
(1) Income
(2) Health
(3) Education
(4) Empowerment
(5) Working Conditions

(1) Income

(1) Income
(1) Is the most common measure

(1) Income
(1) Is the most common measure
(2) Poverty - the lack of ability to purchase necessities

(1) Income
(1) Is the most common measure
(2) Poverty - the lack of ability to purchase necessities
(3) Absolute Poverty - earning < $1/day

(2) Health

(2) Health
(1) Bad health an indicator is poverty

(2) Health
(1) Bad health an indicator is poverty
(2) Creative Capitalism: Private industry develops tech

(2) Health
(1) Bad health an indicator is poverty
(2) Creative Capitalism: Private industry develops tech
(3) Support for 3rd world nations from 1st world

(2) Health
(1) Bad health an indicator is poverty
(2) Creative Capitalism: Private industry develops tech
(3) Support for 3rd world nations from 1st world
(4) Poor health is a threat to developing nations

(3) Education

(3) Education
(1) Deprivation of a basic human right

(3) Education
(1) Deprivation of a basic human right
(2) Linked to income and health

(3) Education
(1) Deprivation of a basic human right
(2) Linked to income and health
(3) Education leads to liberation (economically)

Education, income and health?
Think...
(1) Education often leads to a brighter future
(2) Education for prevention (for example in the
case of HIV/AIDS education programmes)

(4) Empowerment

(4) Empowerment
(1) Lack of empowerment

(4) Empowerment
(1) Lack of empowerment
(2) Limits individuals abilities

(4) Empowerment
(1) Lack of empowerment
(2) Limits individuals abilities
(3) Gender based empowerment

(4) Empowerment
(1) Lack of empowerment
(2) Limits individuals abilities
(3) Gender based empowerment
(4) Rights and equality

(5) Working Conditions

(5) Working Conditions
(1) Often poor countries have bad working conditions

(5) Working Conditions
(1) Often poor countries have bad working conditions
(2) Unemployment is high

(5) Working Conditions
(1) Often poor countries have bad working conditions
(2) Unemployment is high
(3) Those who have full time jobs work hard to keep them

The link...

If managed correctly,
globalisation can have positive
effects of economies, however, if
not managed correctly - it can
prove destructive

Trade

Trade
(1) Developing nations included (1980s)

Trade
(1) Developing nations included (1980s)
(2) Agricultural exports stagnant

Trade
(1) Developing nations included (1980s)
(2) Agricultural exports stagnant
(3) Increased international trade - poverty alleviation
(4) Health related imports are crucial

Trade
(1) Developing nations included (1980s)
(2) Agricultural exports stagnant
(3) Increased international trade - poverty alleviation
(4) Health related imports are crucial
(5) Protective trade tariffs

Trade
(1) Developing nations included (1980s)
(2) Agricultural exports stagnant
(3) Increased international trade - poverty alleviation
(4) Health related imports are crucial
(5) Protective trade tariffs
(6) 1st world agriculture subsidised

Finance

Finance
(1) Increased international investment since the 1990s

Finance
(1) Increased international investment since the 1990s
(2) Capital inflows help in poverty alleviation

Finance
(1) Increased international investment since the 1990s
(2) Capital inflows help in poverty alleviation
(3) However only when it supports job creation

Finance
(1) Increased international investment since the 1990s
(2) Capital inflows help in poverty alleviation
(3) However only when it supports job creation
(4) Loans can assist in lifting poor nations

Finance
(1) Increased international investment since the 1990s
(2) Capital inflows help in poverty alleviation
(3) However only when it supports job creation
(4) Loans can assist in lifting poor nations

Aid

Aid
(1) Often used to force agenda on a nation (motivation)

Aid
(1) Often used to force agenda on a nation (motivation)
(2) Aid can assist in the development of infrastructure

Aid
(1) Often used to force agenda on a nation (motivation)
(2) Aid can assist in the development of infrastructure
(3) Agricultural subsidies significantly worsen poverty

Aid
(1) Often used to force agenda on a nation (motivation)
(2) Aid can assist in the development of infrastructure
(3) Agricultural subsidies significantly worsen poverty
(4) Teach a man to fish phrase

Aid
(1) Often used to force agenda on a nation (motivation)
(2) Aid can assist in the development of infrastructure
(3) Agricultural subsidies significantly worsen poverty
(4) Teach a man to fish phrase
(5) Focus on capacity building rather than donations

Aid
(1) Often used to force agenda on a nation (motivation)
(2) Aid can assist in the development of infrastructure
(3) Agricultural subsidies significantly worsen poverty
(4) Teach a man to fish phrase
(5) Focus on capacity building rather than donations

Migration

Migration
(1) Brain drain from 3rd world nations to 1st world

Migration
(1) Brain drain from 3rd world nations to 1st world
(2) Restrictions give way to criminal activity

Migration
(1) Brain drain from 3rd world nations to 1st world
(2) Restrictions give way to criminal activity
(3) Illegal immigrants exploited

Migration
(1) Brain drain from 3rd world nations to 1st world
(2) Restrictions give way to criminal activity
(3) Illegal immigrants exploited
(4) Movement of the factors of production (Labour)

Migration
(1) Brain drain from 3rd world nations to 1st world
(2) Restrictions give way to criminal activity
(3) Illegal immigrants exploited
(4) Movement of the factors of production (Labour)

Intellectual Property

Intellectual Property
(1) Most powerful on development

Intellectual Property
(1) Most powerful on development
(2) Adoption of production systems and assembly lines

Intellectual Property
(1) Most powerful on development
(2) Adoption of production systems and assembly lines
(3) Protection - knowledge withheld from developing nations

If used correctly, globalisation can be a
powerful tool for change and development in
3rd world nations, however, many 1st world
nations benefit from globalisation while
poorer nations fall into more poverty

The End
Any Questions?