This presentation is regading embedding implants and researching their prospective uses.

1. Project Guide: Dr. D.K. Mallick
By,
Anid Murmu BE/1196/2009
Nikhil Sharma BE/8034/2009
Vishal Kumar BE/1206/2009

2. Implant
Corrective
Implants
Microchip
Implant
Sensory
Devices
Memory
Implants
Organ Chips
Brain/Neural
Implant
Sensory
Devices
Memory
Implants

3. • External power source (if
required) through patch worn
on skin
• Power transmission through
induction
• Communication protocols
(Bluetooth, Zigbee, RF,NFC)
• Intravenous & oral delivery
under research
• Usually sub-dermal
• Most still in development!

4. Sensory Implants
• Usually Subcutaneous
• Remote Monitoring
• Mostly used as Bio-Feedback Devices
• Research on for use as Interfacing
Devices
• Geo-tracking and other Locational uses
• Limited Life Span

5. Memory Implants
• Usually passive (no power requirement)
• Identification
• Authorization & Validation
• Record Keeping
• Re-writeable
• Mainly RFID
• Obamacare 2013 hoax

6. Organ Chips
• Artificially Synthesized
• Regulates bodily functions
• Limited life span
• Controlled release of enzymes
• Programmable Machine
• Targeted Delivery of medicine
• Intravenous/Oral insertion

7. Sensory Devices
• Useful for mapping brain function irregularities
• Diagnostic tool for Brain Diseases such as Alzheimer's,
Dementia
• Research tool for monitoring brain activity
• Enzyme coated to cause reaction
• Short life span

8. Memory Implants
• Prosthetic chip that uses electrodes to enhance and expand
memory abilities.
• Capable of storing neural signals, basically functioning as
an electronic memory, allowing learning more and keeping
it in the devices.
• Allows for user to instantly know things
• From the study of chemical interactions that allow short-
term learning and memorization in rats
• Tested successfully on rats and monkeys
Memory Expansion

9. Memory Implants
• Prosthetic chip that allows interfacing with devices
• Also used to interpret neuronal inputs from one part of the
brain and effectively communicate those outputs to another
brain region
• Enables thought based control
• Enables paralyzed patient’s to move wheelchair
• Utilizes bone conductive hearing devices for communication
• Tested successfully on humans
Brain-Machine Interface

10. Sensory Implants
• Referred to as Cognotechnology
• Replacement/Augmentation of body
senses
• Usually used for sight (vision) and
hearing (cochlear)
• Research in progress on enhancing
senses

11. Regulatory Implants
• Regulates and Corrects bodily function
• Can be neural as well as body implant
• Utilizes Hatpin Electrodes for neural
implant
• Used in conjunction with other devices
for body implant
• Pacemakers (Parkinson's, Cardiac)

12. • Intercommunicating network of implants
• Sensor Devices
• Communication Protocols (Bluetooth, Zigbee)
• Power Supply
• Seamless Connectivity with WAN
• Inter-BAN Communication
• Applications

14. Case Study 1: Bio Enhancement
• Implantable version of devices
such as Google Glass
• Connected Devices (Connected to
the Internet)
• Utilization of Bone Conductive
Devices
• Targeted Information Retrieval
• Device can be miniaturized to
wearable contact lenses

15. Case Study 2: Brain Machine Interface
• Implanting Sensory Devices
• Measurement of Brain Function to
operate machines
• Also possible for body implants
containing sensors such as
accelerometers, gyroscope
• Less prospective (only utilized for
aiding people with disabilities)
• Devices such as Kinect (computer
vision) and Wii (Sensors) have
made this technology unpopular

16. Bio-Enhancement
• Enhancement / Improvement of body functions
• Expansion of cognitive function
• BAN connected devices
• Mental Learning
• Direct Information retrieval
• Scheduled Drug Release (Insulin release devices)
• Mostly theoretical. Some undergoing animal testing

17. Healthcare
• Corrective devices for people with disabilities
• Sensory Devices for Monitoring
• Regulatory devices for regulation of body function
• Nano-medicine
• Targeted Drug Delivery
• Scheduled Drug Release (Insulin release devices)
• Undergoing human testing

18. Monitoring/Tracking
• Useful for Geo-tracking, accomplished by insertion of
GPS/GLONASS compatible sensor
• Remote monitoring of patient vitals
• Allows for signaling in case of distress
• Monitoring patients, convicts, immigrants
• Currently used for tracking/ monitoring animals

19. Identification / Authentication / Validation
• Utilizes RFID
• Usually passive devices
• Record Keeping Activities
such as Medical History
• As a unique identification
mechanism
• Implantable credit cards /
licenses

20. • DARPA funding $32 million " human body-on-a-chip"
research project
• Uses micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)
• Mimic people's reactions to substances-of-interest.
• Used to test drugs, vaccines and
• Accelerate the pace and efficiency of pharmaceutical drug
discovery
• Method for testing the toxicity of unknown substances.

21. Fig. Proposed MEMS Microfluidic “Human Body on a Chip” System

22. • User Acceptance
• Religious controversy ( Mark of the Beast (Christianity), Haram
(Islam))
• Easy Insertion
• Reliability
• Durability
• Better power supply
• Better method of transmission of power

23. Privacy/Security Concerns
• Snooping on Information / Illegal Monitoring
• Unauthorized control
• Enforcement of stricter protocols
• Reliability
• Durability

24. Health Concerns
• Method of Insertion
• Research shows increase in tumor growth
• Leakage of components
• Malfunctioning of device
• Power transmission mechanism

25. • R. Colin Johnson, “MEMS enable Human Body on a Chip”.
Available at: http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-
news/4391805/MEMS-enable--human-body-on-a-chip-
• Min Chen,Sergio Gonzalez , Athanasios Vasilakos, Huasong Cao,
Victor C. M. Leung, “Body Area Networks: A Survey”. Available at:
http://www.ece.ubc.ca/~minchen/min_paper/Min-0-JNL-2-9-
BAN-MONET2010.pdf
• http://www.technologyreview.com/news/427939/brain-chip-
helps-quadriplegics-move-robotic-arms-with-their-thoughts/
• http://gizmodo.com/5813821/scientists-create-first-memory-
expansion-for-brain

26. • http://www.emqus.com/index.php?/emq/article/credit_credit_ch
ips_embedded_into_the_human_body_134
• Schwarz, M, “Single chip CMOS image sensors for a retina
implant System”. Available at:
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&arn
umber=705445&contentType=Conference+Publications
• http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2013/feb/20/retinal-
implant-sight-blind-people
• “Sensor Chip for Monitoring Tumors”. Available at:
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110826112020.
htm