Research 16: I Islah-u-din

1. Implanting Alkali Metal Atoms in
Nanosized Cavities of Metal Oxide
Based Organic-Inorganic Hybrids
Islah-u-din
Supervisors
Dr Jeff L. Tallon (IRL)
Dr Mark R. Waterland(Massey)
Dr Shane G. Telfer(Massey)

2. Contents
• Introduction and applications of hybrid
materials
• Research outline
• Experimental work
• Results
• Future Directions

3. Organic-Inorganic Materials
Macroscopic
Phase
Micro or
nanoscale
building blocks
A hybrid material is biphasic in nature with organic and
inorganic components mixed together at very small scale.

4. Types of Hybrid Materials
Class-I Hybrid Materials Class-II Hybrid Materials
(Mg,Al)2Si4O10(OH)·4(H2O) [CH3(CH2)11NH3]SnI3

5. Applications
Nanohybrid solar cell Protective coatings
C. Sanchez, B. Julián, P. Belleville and M. Popall, Journal of Materials
Chemistry, 2005, 15, 3559-3592.

6. Superconductivity
Tc = 78 K before intercalation
Tc = 82 K after intercalation
S.-J. Kwon and J.-H. Choy, Inorg. Chem, 2003, 42, 8134-8136

7. Superconductivity
WO3 ( Na+)
Tc = 125 K for Na+
A. E. Aliev, Superconductor Science and Technology, 2008, 21, 115022

8. Research Outline
• Synthesize Crystalline W (or Mo)O3 Hybrids
• Intercalation of metal species by Ion-Implantation
• Structural Characterization Before and After Implantation
• Fabrication of Films
• Intercalation of metal species by Ion-Implantation
• Physical Property Measurement

9. Hydrothermal Synthesis
• Self-assembly
• Autogenous Pressure
• 120-260 oC
• Slow Cooling

10. Single-Crystal XRD
•Rigaku-Spider X-ray diffractometer,
Massey University
•Cu Kα (λ = 1.5428 Å)
•Measurements on same crystal
before and after implantation

11. Ion-Implantation
•Low energy lab-built ion-
implanter, GNS Sciences
•Na+, Ca2+ and K+
•25 Kev
•2% and 4% of atomic
sites

12. WO3(4,4-bipyridyl)0.5
W
O
N
C

13. Na+-WO3(4,4-bipyridyl)0.5 Ca2+-WO3(4,4-bipyridyl)0.5 K+-WO3(4,4-bipyridyl)0.5
Islah-u-din, M. R. Fox, H. n. Martin, G. J. Gainsford, J. Kennedy, A. Markwitz, S. G. Telfer, G. B. Jameson and J.
L. Tallon, Chemical Communications, 46, 4261-4263.

14. WO3(4,4-bipyridyl)0.5 Thick Films
•Physical Property
Measurements
•Modified layer-by-layer
deposition
•Characterization before
and after implantation

15. Structure of thick films

16. Raman Measurements
W =O
O–W–O
4,4-bipyridyl

17. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

18. Raman Measurements

19. Resistivity Measurements

20. Conclusions
• Incorporation of metal ions within small cavities
of host materials
• Structural agreement between bulk and thick
films
• Reduced tungsten species
• Injection of charge carriers to conduction band
upon implantation

21. Future Directions
• Synthezie new layered hybrids with different
ligands
• Seek Ion-Implantion
• Fabricate thin films
• Confirm insulator-to-metal transition

22. Acknowledgement
 Funding
 The Higher Education Commission, Pakistan
 The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and
Nanotechnology
 Collaborators
 Dr Shen V. Chong, Industrial Research Limited
 Ms Vivian Fang, GNS Sciences
 Prof. Geoffery B. Jamseson, Massey University
 Supervisors
 Dr Jeff L. Tallon, Dr Mark R. Waterland, Dr Shane G. Telfer

23. Thanks