Steven Lipton M.Ed. LEHP President Biotest Services Inc.

Foodborne Infection A foodborne Infection is caused by bacteria directly causing damage to the human body They must be alive and will require longer periods of time to grow to sufficient numbers to cause illness. The body will require more time to fight this type of illness

A foodborne Infection is caused by bacteria directly causing damage to the human body They must be alive and will require longer periods of time to grow to sufficient numbers to cause illness. The body will require more time to fight this type of illness

Foodborne Intoxication A foodborne intoxication is caused by wastes (toxins) produced by the bacteria. The bacteria does not have to be alive to cause illness. Some toxins are extremely heat stable and can not be destroyed by cooking. Toxins tend to cause illness rapidly. With a few exceptions, these will be relatively quick illnesses.

A foodborne intoxication is caused by wastes (toxins) produced by the bacteria. The bacteria does not have to be alive to cause illness. Some toxins are extremely heat stable and can not be destroyed by cooking. Toxins tend to cause illness rapidly. With a few exceptions, these will be relatively quick illnesses.

Vomiting: Biting off…

Where the Monsters Are

Digestive System Small intestine Mouth Esophagus Rectum Large Intestine Liver Stomach

Small Intestine Large Intestine Stomach Liver

An Excess of water and loose stools in the Lower GI which is released through the rectum

An Excess of water and loose stools in the Lower GI which is released through the rectum

Water and semi-digested material in the upper GI which is relieved through the mouth by abdominal contractions. Emesis

Water and semi-digested material in the upper GI which is relieved through the mouth by abdominal contractions.

Basic Microbiology

Bacilli Cocci Spirilli MRSA E. Coli O157:H7 Campylobacter

Bacilli

Cocci

Spirilli

GRAM NEGATIVE GRAM POSITIVE Peptidoglycan Lipid Layer

GRAM NEGATIVE

GRAM POSITIVE

Enterotoxins – toxins that attack the Digestive system May be either an Exotoxin or Endotoxin

Enterotoxins – toxins that attack the Digestive system

May be either an Exotoxin or Endotoxin

Endotoxins – gram negative Lipopolysacchride (heat stable)

Endotoxins – gram negative

Lipopolysacchride (heat stable)

Salmonella -- Lysis of cell Starts an abnormal immune response

Salmonella -- Lysis of cell

Starts an abnormal immune response

Exotoxins –gram positive, gram negative Protein (Heat Stable or Heat liable)

Exotoxins –gram positive, gram negative

Protein (Heat Stable or Heat liable)

Exotoxin Types: Type I – acts on the cell surface Type II – membrane damaging Type III - intracellular

Type I – acts on the cell surface

Type II – membrane damaging

Type III - intracellular

Pore forming or AB5 toxins A B B Creates unregulated pore in cell Delivers the toxin payload(A)

Creates unregulated pore in cell

Delivers the toxin payload(A)

Type III Injectors Cell

Type III Injectors

Secretory Osmotic Inflammatory

Secretory

Osmotic

Inflammatory

Cells secrete water sugar Electrolytes (NaCl, KCl) cAMP or gAMP over activated

Cells secrete

water

sugar

Electrolytes (NaCl, KCl)

cAMP or gAMP over activated

Secretory NaCl Cl- NaCl NaCl NaCl Na Cl- Cl- Cl- cAMP H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H

Secretory

Substances not absorbed by the body attract water in the system

Substances not absorbed by the body attract water in the system

Lactose Intolerance Lactose Galactose Liver Glucose Lactase

H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H Lactase Present

H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H

Damage to cells, or response to cell damage Combination of types above

Damage to cells, or response to cell damage

Combination of types above

Inflammatory H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H H-O-H

Superantigen Pore forming (MRSA)

Superantigen

Pore forming (MRSA)

Immune response 0.001-0.0001%

Immune response Up to 20%

Not Classified as Diarrhea Blood and Mucus emitted in feces Damage to cells and mucosal linings

Not Classified as Diarrhea

Blood and Mucus emitted in feces

Damage to cells and mucosal linings

Shiga Toxin (verotoxin) AB 5 toxin ‘ A’ enzyme stops protein synthesis

Shiga Toxin (verotoxin)

AB 5 toxin

‘ A’ enzyme stops protein synthesis

ETEC (Enterotoxin) LT & ST Infective @(10 8 ) Diarrhea w/o fever EIEC (enteroinvasive) Invasive Infective @(10 6 ) EHEC (enterohemmoragic) O157:H7 Moderately invasive (Type III injector/pedestal) Shiga toxin producing EPEC (enteropathogenic) Moderately invasive, some report of shiga toxin Infective @(10 6 ) EAEC (enteroaggregative) Watery diarrhea

ETEC (Enterotoxin)

LT & ST

Infective @(10 8 )

Diarrhea w/o fever

EIEC (enteroinvasive)

Invasive

Infective @(10 6 )

EHEC (enterohemmoragic)

O157:H7

Moderately invasive (Type III injector/pedestal)

Shiga toxin producing

EPEC (enteropathogenic)

Moderately invasive, some report of shiga toxin

Infective @(10 6 )

EAEC (enteroaggregative)

Watery diarrhea

Questions? [email_address] http://Biotestservices.com PowerPoint presentation available at http://EHblogger.blogspot.com http://shoestringsanitarian.blogspot.com

[email_address]

http://Biotestservices.com

PowerPoint presentation available at

http://EHblogger.blogspot.com

http://shoestringsanitarian.blogspot.com