Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in nepals education system shyam sund...
Aan eararm nepal- 2009
1. EARARM – AA Nepal
ACTIONAID NEPAL
EMERGENCY ALERT, REVIEW AND RESPONSE MECHANISM (EARARM)
Shyam.Jnavaly@actionaid.org
Senior Theme Leader, Human Security, Emergency and DRR
Background
Nepal is a disaster prone country due her steep terrain, a rugged and fragile geomorphic condition, high peaks and
slopes, volatile tectonic processes, variable climatic condition, increasing population, poor economic condition,
unplanned settlement, low literacy rate and very rural topography. Disaster like earthquake, floods, landslides, lighting,
glaciers lake outburst flood, avalanche, epidemics often occur time to time causing enormous physical damages and
human life losses. Nepal ranks 11th in terms of risk from earthquake, and 30th in terms of flood risk according to global
report on disaster risk.
Various hazards in Nepal
Nepal’s landscape is predominantly composed of hills and mountains, covering about 83% of the total area of the
country. All part of the mountains exposed to landslide during monsoon period. Most parts of middle mountains and terai
are exposed to severe flooding. Most of the rivers suffer from erosion. Middle mountain also exposed to debris flow.
Floods, landslides and avalanches, which are triggered by heavy precipitation, cause 29% of the total annual death of
people and 43% of the total loss of properties from different types of disaster in Nepal. Glacier lakes in Nepal are
becoming much larger than in previous times due to global warming. A study conducted by International Center for
Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) points out that “20 lakes in Nepal are potentially dangerous. The lives of
tens of thousands of people who live high in the mountains and in downstream communities could be at severe risk.
All of Nepal is a high-risk earthquake zone. Regions north of Kathmandu as well as in Mid-Western Nepal, is under
higher risk of very big earthquake than eastern Nepal. Out of 21 cities around the world that lie in seismic zones, the
Nepali capital is at the highest risk of death, destruction, and un-preparedness mostly due to an uncontrolled urban
development with a 6.5% annual growth rate and a large number of poor quality of building construction each year. The
next big earthquake is expected to cause at least 40,000 deaths, 95,000 injuries and would leave an estimated
600,000-900,000 homeless in Kathmandu. (Ref: http://www.nepaldisaster.org/download/Hazard.pdf.)
Droughts, windstorm, cloudburst, hailstorms, fires, epidemics and lightning are some other types of disasters prominent
in Nepal. A wide range of physiological, geological, ecological, meteorological and demographic factors contribute to the
vulnerability of the country to disasters. Other major factors contributing to disasters are rapid population growth, slow
economic development, high degree of environmental degradation, fragility of the land mass and high elevation of the
mountain slopes.
Disasters and Emergencies Engagements of ActionAid Nepal
AA has been working in Nepal since 1982. AAN is the Country Program of AA International. It has been working in 37
districts of Nepal in conjunction with 28 long-term partners and a number of short-term partners in 40 districts of Nepal.
In 1996, ActionAid Nepal (AAN) changed its approach from direct service delivery to partnerships with local NGOs
through a rights-based approach. AAN's rights-holders are the poorest and the most marginalized, particularly women,
children, Dalits, ex-bonded labourers, disaster affected people, conflict victims, urban poor, land tenants, the disabled
and people living with HIV/AIDS. AAN works at the grassroots to address the immediate conditions of the poorest and
the most marginalized people, as well as at the national level through various advocacy programs in order to influence
public policies and practices in favour of its rights-holders. Disaster vulnerability is one of the contributing factors in
aggravating and perpetuating poverty in Nepal. Hence, AAN has recognized 'Emergency and Disaster Management' as
one of its cross-cutting initiatives. AAN's goal in emergency and disaster management is both preventive and curative. It
entails risk reduction by addressing the issue of vulnerability and hazards, increasing capacity of poor, marginalized and
the vulnerable groups in collaboration with appropriate institutions to influence the development actors to come out with
a regular program to deal with disaster. AAN broadly translates its commitments in emergency and disaster
management through Creation of Information Base/MIS, Capacity Building, Building Alliances and Resource
Mobilization.
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2. EARARM – AA Nepal
ActionAid has successfully implemented two projects in Nepal under DIPECHO 3rd and 4th Action Plan for South Asia,
directly reaching out to more than 125,000 disaster vulnerable people to improve their coping capacity and resilience to
disasters, thereby gaining considerable experience in implementing DIPECHO projects in the country. In addition,
ActionAid has been involved in promoting DRR through the DRR through Schools projects being implemented in Nepal
since 2006 and the core support from the Emergency and Disaster Management Theme according to the Country
Strategy Paper III of Nepal. ActionAid Nepal has also been responding to numerous major and minor disasters in its
operational areas, including the Kosi river flood of 2008, though various supports such as food and non food relief
distribution, shelter health and nutrition and shelter.
All the above engagements indicate the increasing focus and commitment of AA Nepal to alleviate the distress of poor
and marginalised people facing the brunt of natural and manmade disasters in their daily life. However the experiences
and learning from our previous engagements reveals the needs for a better preparedness at the organisational level in
order to respond to large scale emergencies swiftly and effectively. The ‘Emergency Alert Review and Response
Mechanism (EARARM) is the emergency preparedness tool of ActionAid being used internationally, which guides our
emergency preparedness and response operations in the country. EARARM is a live document which will be updated
periodically in order to accommodate the dynamic disaster scenarios in the Nepal.
Based on the frequency, impact, scope of intervention and the expertise of ActionAid Nepal flood, earthquake, conflict,
drought, landslides and fire disasters have been considered to be included in the National EARARM of Nepal. Other
localised disasters would be included in the DI level EARARMS where ever it is an issue of concern.
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3. EARARM – AA Nepal
EMERGENCY ALERT, REVIEW AND RESPONSE MECHANISM –AA NEPAL
Country: Nepal Date: 19.03.2009
SECTION I Population by Region/Districts (Source: Central Bureau of statistics, National Report 2001)
Area Population2001 Number of
Number Percent Households
Total Male Female Total
Nepal 23,151,423 11,563,921 11,587,502 100.00 4,253,220
Eastern Dev. Region 5,344,476 2,670,622 2,673,854 23.08 1,012,968
Central Dev. Region 8,031,629 4,109,059 3,922,570 34.69 1,475,477
Western Dev. Region 4,571,013 2,198,170 2,372,843 19.74 863,045
Mid-western Dev. Region 3,012,975 1,500,526 1,512,449 13.01 534,310
Far-western Dev. Region 2,191,330 1,085,544 1,105,786 9.47 367,420
Mountain 1,687,859 837,060 850,799 7.29 319,887
Hill 10,251,111 5,016,802 5,234,309 44.28 1,982,753
Tarai 11,212,453 5,710,059 5,502,394 48.43 1,950,580
Eastern Mountain 401,587 197,231 204,356 1.73 77,197
Central Mountain 554,817 275,330 279,487 2.40 112,313
Western Mountain 24,568 13,214 11,354 0.11 5,019
Mid-western Mountain 309,084 156,984 152,100 1.34 55,363
Far-western Mountain 397,803 194,301 203,502 1.72 69,995
Eastern Hill 1,643,246 807,949 835,297 7.10 309,149
Central Hill 3,542,732 1,800,082 1,742,650 15.30 692,255
Western Hill 2,793,180 1,298,051 1,495,129 12.06 568,898
Mid-western Hill 1,473,022 723,698 749,324 6.36 269,614
Far-western Hill 798,931 387,022 411,909 3.45 142,837
Eastern Tarai 3,299,643 1,665,442 1,634,201 14.25 626,622
Central Tarai 3,934,080 2,033,647 1,900,433 16.99 670,909
Western Tarai 1,753,265 886,905 866,360 7.57 289,128
Mid-western Tarai 1,230,869 619,844 611,025 5.32 209,333
Far-western Tarai 994,596 504,221 490,375 4.30 154,588
Eastern Mountain 401,587 197,231 204,356 1.73 77,197
Taplejung 134,698 66,205 68,493 0.58 24,764
Sankhuwasabha 159,203 77,853 81,350 0.69 30,766
Solukhumbu 107,686 53,173 54,513 0.47 21,667
Eastern Hill 1,643,246 807,949 835,297 7.10 309,149
Panchthar 202,056 99,042 103,014 0.87 37,260
Ilam 282,806 142,434 140,372 1.22 54,565
Dhankuta 166,479 81,841 84,638 0.72 32,571
Terhathum 113,111 54,932 58,179 0.49 20,682
Bhojpur 203,018 97,762 105,256 0.88 39,481
Okhaldhunga 156,702 75,361 81,341 0.68 30,121
Khotang 231,385 112,821 118,564 1.00 42,866
Udayapur 287,689 143,756 143,933 1.24 51,603
Eastern Tarai 3,299,643 1,665,442 1,634,201 14.25 626,622
Jhapa* 688,109 341,675 346,434 2.97 137,301
Morang 843,220 422,895 420,325 3.64 167,875
Sunsari 625,633 315,530 310,103 2.70 120,295
Saptari 570,282 291,409 278,873 2.46 101,141
Siraha* 572,399 293,933 278,466 2.47 100,010
Central Mountain 554,817 275,330 279,487 2.40 112,313
Dolakha* 204,229 99,963 104,266 0.88 43,165
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5. EARARM – AA Nepal
Kanchanpur 377,899 191,910 185,989 1.63 60,158
SECTION II : HAZARDS PROFILE
Hazards Flood/ Earthquake Conflict Drought Landslide Fire
Flash floods
Geographica Mid Hills Kathmandu valley Plane of Western Central hills Terai and
l regions hit Inner Terai hills Terai, Nepal High Bhabar,
Southern Terai Bhabhar Hill Terai
Following Pradesh The Siwaliks
districts are Pahade/Thar or the inner
more vulnerable u Terai,
Achham Vs Madhesi
Arghakhanchi Hindu Muslim the Middle
Bajhang Armed rebel Mountains,
Bajura for free
Dadeldhura Madhesh The High
Dang Movement Mountains
Darchula regions.
Dhankuta
Dolpa
Doti
Humla
Ilam
Jhapa
Jumla
Kaski
Kailali
Kanchanpur
Kapilbastu
Kathmandu
Kavrepalanchok
Khotang
Lamjung
Mahottari
Makawanpur
Morang
Mustang
Myagdi
Nuwakot
Okhaldhunga
Panchthar
Parbat
Parsa
Pyuthan
Ramechhap
Rautahat
Rolpa
Salyan
Sankhuwasabha
Saptari
Sarlahi
Sindhuli
Sindhupalchok
Solukhumbu
Sunsari
Taplejung
Terathum
Udayapur
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6. EARARM – AA Nepal
Months of July- September No specific time Ongoing March-July July February-Mid
occurrence* -September June
Warning 2-3 days No early warning Unanticipated 2-3 months 2-3 days
time (For flash floods time
between 12-24 hours)
start of
hazard and
impact
Early Warning Information
Formal Meteorological No sources. Situation Agriculture Meteorologic
sources department, Estimation by Reports of Department al
DWIP, MOHA, JICA/MOHA/NSE UNOCHA, . FAO, department,
DPNet, District T and USAID for Media, DPNet DWIP,
Disaster Centres/ Kathmandu Valley MOHA,
Networks Earthquake DPNet,
Mapping Project District
Disaster
Centres/Netw
orks
Community Displacement Failure of Continuous
indicators to Monsoon guess - crops, rainfall,
be Observation of Restriction on
monitored dam/barrages mobility shortage of heavy
Inundation of fodder for snowfall,
fields, roads, etc; ‘Movement of animals,
cadres’ closure of
water levels in ‘movement of absence of roads due to
local streams army/security rainfall minor
and lands forces’ since about landslides
six months,
any migration ‘security
incidents’ dried up
streams,
Hartals
lack of
Public drinking
appeals water in
water taps
Other Occasional News group, Occasional Occasional
sources reports and flash Web blogs, reports and reports and
reports by DFID/GTZ, flash flash reports
different RMO reports by by different
agencies Police different agencies
CBOs agencies CBOs
NGOs CBOs NGOs
Media NGOs Media
Media
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7. EARARM – AA Nepal
SECTION III: AAN POLICY, PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PROFILE
Flood/ Earthquake Conflict Drought Landslide Fire
Hazards Flash floods
Policy Work
Current
Future Engage with Engage with Engage with Engage with Engage with
Possible GoN for GoN for GoN for GoN for GoN for
ensuring the ensuring the ensuring the ensuring the ensuring the
implementation implementation implementation implementation implementation
of National of National of National of National of National
Strategy for Strategy for Strategy for Strategy for Strategy for
Disaster Risk Disaster Risk Disaster Risk Disaster Risk Disaster Risk
Management Management Management Management Management
Facilitate a Facilitate a Facilitate a Facilitate a Facilitate a
community community community community community
consultative consultative consultative consultative consultative
process to process to process to process to process to
review the review the draft review the review the review the draft
draft disaster disaster draft disaster draft disaster disaster
management management management management management
Act and Act and Act and Act and Act and
Disaster Disaster Disaster Disaster Disaster
Management Management Management Management Management
Policy to Policy to Policy to Policy to Policy to
incorporate incorporate incorporate incorporate incorporate
community community community community community
views. views. views. views. views.
Join with other Join with other Join with other Join with other Join with other
stakeholders in stakeholders in stakeholders in stakeholders in stakeholders in
influencing the influencing the influencing the influencing the influencing the
government for government for government for government for government for
the enactment the enactment the enactment the enactment the enactment
of the Disaster of the Disaster of the Disaster of the Disaster of the Disaster
Management Management Management Management Management
Act Disaster Act Disaster Act Disaster Act Disaster Act Disaster
Management Management Management Management Management
Policy which Policy which Policy which Policy which Policy which
was drafted in was drafted in was drafted in was drafted in was drafted in
2007 2007 2007 2007 2007
Advocate for
the strict
enactment for
building codes
Community Preparedness and Resilience Building Work
Current Immediate School safety Immediate Immediate Immediate
relief support programs in relief support relief support relief support
to people selected public to people to people to people
affected by schools with affected by affected by affected by
various natural the support of various natural various natural various natural
and manmade NSET to make and manmade and manmade and manmade
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8. EARARM – AA Nepal
disasters. schools safer disasters. disasters. disasters.
against
Initiated earthquakes. Initiated Initiated Initiated
disaster safety disaster safety disaster safety disaster safety
net campaign Initiated net campaign net campaign net campaign
in Nepal, in disaster safety in Nepal, in in Nepal, in in Nepal, in
collaboration net campaign collaboration collaboration collaboration
with local in Nepal, in with local with local with local
NGOs and collaboration NGOs and NGOs and NGOs and
other with local other other other
stakeholders, NGOs and stakeholders, stakeholders, stakeholders,
to address the other to address the to address the to address the
issues of stakeholders, issues of issues of issues of
vulnerability to address the vulnerability vulnerability vulnerability
and hazards of issues of and hazards of and hazards of and hazards of
the poor, vulnerability the poor, the poor, the poor,
excluded and and hazards of excluded and excluded and excluded and
vulnerable the poor, vulnerable vulnerable vulnerable
groups. excluded and groups. groups. groups.
vulnerable
Introduced groups. Introduced Introduced Introduced
DRR through DRR through DRR through DRR through
school Introduced school school school
program as an DRR through program as an program as an program as an
innovative school program innovative innovative innovative
initiative for as an initiative for initiative for initiative for
community innovative community community community
resilience. initiative for resilience. resilience. resilience.
community
With the resilience. With the With the With the
support of support of support of support of
DIPECHO With the DIPECHO DIPECHO DIPECHO
successfully support of successfully successfully successfully
implemented DIPECHO implemented implemented implemented
community successfully community community community
resilience implemented resilience resilience resilience
building community building building building
programs in 3 resilience programs in 3 programs in 3 programs in 3
phases. building phases. phases. phases.
Through these programs in 3 Through these Through these Through these
programs phases. programs programs programs
communities Through these communities communities communities
are better programs are better are better are better
prepared for communities prepared for prepared for prepared for
disaster events are better disaster events disaster events disaster events
and the prepared for and the and the and the
capacity has disaster events capacity has capacity has capacity has
been built to and the been built to been built to been built to
mitigate the capacity has mitigate the mitigate the mitigate the
impacts of been built to impacts of impacts of impacts of
disasters. mitigate the disasters. disasters. disasters.
impacts of
Successfully disasters. Successfully Successfully Successfully
working working working working
towards Successfully towards towards towards
incorporating working incorporating incorporating incorporating
disaster towards disaster disaster disaster
education in incorporating education in education in education in
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9. EARARM – AA Nepal
school disaster school school school
curriculum. education in curriculum. curriculum. curriculum.
school
Training curriculum. Training Training Training
community in community in community in community in
first aid, Training first aid, first aid, first aid,
disaster risk community in disaster risk disaster risk disaster risk
management, first aid, management, management, management,
search and disaster risk search and search and search and
rescue to management, rescue to rescue to rescue to
effectively search and effectively effectively effectively
respond to rescue to respond to respond to respond to
disasters and effectively disasters and disasters and disasters and
reducing the respond to reducing the reducing the reducing the
impact. disasters and impact impact impact
reducing the
impact.
Earthquake
preparedness
plans are
prepared for
some
communities.
Future Improve Improve Conduct Facilitate Improve Improve
Possible community community participatory Participatory community community
awareness on awareness on vulnerability Vulnerability awareness on awareness and
hazards and hazards and Analysis Analysis for hazards and sensitization
vulnerability vulnerability ( PVA)which community vulnerability programs on
and support for and support for would build analysis of the and support for the causes and
better better the vulnerabilities better management
preparedness preparedness community and preparedness of fire disasters
and risk and risk capacity to addressing the and risk
perception perception analyze and root cause of perception Build the
through through various address vulnerabilities. through capacity of
various programs. conflicts. various community
programs. Improve programs. through
Train local More community training and
Facilitate masons and engagements awareness on Increase the formation of
Participatory carpenters in to strengthen hazards and capacity of the local cadres of
Vulnerability earth quake the traditional vulnerability community to firefighting
Analysis for resistant conflict and support for analyze their volunteers.
community house/building resolution better vulnerabilities
analysis of the constructions mechanisms preparedness and in Promote
vulnerabilities and risk managing the sustainable
and Retrofitting the Capacity perception disasters land use
addressing the schools to building on through through PVA practices which
root cause of resist earth conflict various and other reduces the
vulnerabilities. quakes resolution for programs. participatory fire disasters
various tools
Develop stakeholders Encourage
Identify and community Initiating and Conducting community
strengthen based disaster Improving the strengthening PVA to build forestry
locally preparedness participation the community the capacity of projects for
accessible plans of youth in based early community in improved
community the conflict warning identifying and community
based early Create a cadre mitigation. systems addressing the participation in
warning of search and cause of forest fire
systems to rescue Peace Work towards vulnerably at fighting
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10. EARARM – AA Nepal
reduce the loss volunteers in building improving the different levels.
due to floods. each villages activities food security of Promoting
which brings poor families Initiating and increased
Set up village Promote together through strengthening vegetation
funds for community different livelihood the community through tree
supporting based DRR religious supports. based early plantations
poor families activities and groups to Promote warning
during mitigation increase the diversification systems
disasters measures coexistence of livelihoods
as a means to Encourage
Support for increase the diversification
setting up resilience of of livelihood
community communities sources as a
managed seed towards crop strategy for
banks and failures due to increasing
grain banks droughts community’s
resilience to
Encourage Support for disasters
good land use setting up
practices community Support the
managed seed community
Invest on small banks and grain bank
scale structural grain banks system for
mitigation better
infrastructures Promote resilience
at the rainwater
communities harvesting Preserving
practices in the forest and
Work towards communities afforestation
improving the activities
food security of promote
poor families drought
through resistant
livelihood varieties of
supports. seeds in the
Promote vulnerable
diversification communities
of livelihoods
as a means to Support for
increase the small scale
resilience of irrigation
communities infrastructures.
towards crop
failures due to Introducing
floods improved
farming
Construction of techniques and
disaster inputs which
shelters with would reduce
basic facilities the
to be used in vulnerability of
time of farmers to
displacement disasters
due to floods.
Create a cadre
of search and
rescue
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11. EARARM – AA Nepal
volunteers in
each villages
Increase
awareness on
general health
and hygiene
practices and
malnutrition of
children
through
training
programs and
awareness
campaigns.
Flood/
Hazards Earthquake Conflict Drought Landslide Fire
Flash floods
Geographical Areas AAN will cover In Emergency Response
Minor crisis In current DA In current DA In current DA In current In current In current DA
area area area DA area DA area area
Medium In the districts In the districts In the districts In the In the In the districts
crisis where AAN has where AAN has where AAN districts districts where AAN
presence presence has presence where AAN where AAN has presence
has has
presence presence
National Anywhere in the Anywhere in the Anywhere in Anywhere in Anywhere in Anywhere in
crisis country (as country (as the country (as the country the country the country
decided by the decided by the decided by the (as decided (as decided (as decided by
management) in management) in management) by the by the the
coordination with coordination in coordination management management management)
other agencies with other with other ) in ) in in coordination
agencies agencies coordination coordination with other
with other with other agencies
agencies agencies
Average Number of People to be Assisted in Emergency Response
Minor crisis
Medium
crisis
National
crisis
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12. EARARM – AA Nepal
Sectors AAN will cover in Emergency Response
Flood/ Earthquake Conflict Drought Landslide Fire
Flash
floods
Minor crisis
Food Food Food Food Food Food relief
Non food Non Food relief Non food relief Nutrition Nutrition Non Food
relief Health Psycho social Relief
Nutrition Nutrition care
Shelter
Medium Food Food Food Food Food Food relief
crisis Nutrition Nutrition Non Food Nutrition Nutrition Non Food
Health Non food Nutrition Health Health Relief
Water Health Health Water Sanitation Livelihood
Sanitation Water & Psycho social Livelihood Livelihood support
DRR Sanitation care DRR DRR DRR
Capacity Shelter Livelihood Capacity Capacity Capacity
building Livelihood CRR building building Building
Psycho social Capacity
care building
DRR
Capacity building
National Food Food Food Food Food Food relief
crisis Non Food Nutrition Non Food Nutrition Nutrition Non Food
Nutrition Non Food Nutrition Health Health Relief
Health Health Health Water Sanitation Livelihood
Water Water Psycho social Livelihood Livelihood support
Sanitation Sanitation care DRR Psycho Social DRR
Psycho Psycho social Protection Capacity Care Capacity
social care care Livelihood building DRR Building
Livelihood Livelihood CRR Capacity
DRR DRR Capacity building
Capacity Capacity building building
building
Indicative
Budgets
Minor crisis
Medium
crisis
National
crisis
Amount DA/CP allocated for human securities for 2009 is …………£
In a medium level disaster IECT may contribute additional £ 40,000 and £100,000 to be mobilized from other
donors
In a major level disaster IECT may contribute additional £ 40,000 and £200,000 to be mobilized from other
donors
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13. EARARM – AA Nepal
SECTORAL DETAILS – POSSIBLE ACTIVITIES/SECTOR
Flood/ Earthquake Conflict Drought Landslide Fire
Flash floods
Possible Need Search and Need Need Search and
activities/ Assessment rescue Assessment Assessment rescue Need
sector Assessment
Quick Search and Quick Assess the Mobilise local
assessment to rescue assessment needs of resources for Comprehensive
assess the people at risk to people who search and need assessment
immediate understand are affected rescue to inform on the
needs in the Need the by drought operations. needs of
aftermath of Assessment immediate intervention
flood and needs during AA Need
subsequent Quick aftermath of Imperatives Assessment AA Imperatives
comprehensive assessment conflict and
assessment for to assess the subsequent Water Quick and rough Food Relief
effective immediate comprehensi Provide assessment to Providing food
interventions needs in the ve drinking assess the supplies to the
aftermath of assessment water for immediate needs most needy and
AA Imperatives earthquake for effective needy in the aftermath vulnerable
and interventions families. of families, with
Food Relief subsequent landslide/mountai special focus on
Providing food comprehensi AA Priorities n slip and vulnerable
supplies to the ve AA subsequent groups like
most needy and assessment Imperatives comprehensive children,
vulnerable for effective Livelihood assessment for pregnant women,
families, with interventions Food Relief Providing effective disabled elders
special focus on Providing support for interventions and PLHA
vulnerable AA food supplies restoration of AA Priorities
groups like Imperatives to the most livelihood AA Imperatives
children, needy and Livelihood
pregnant Food Relief vulnerable Promote and Food Relief
women, disabled Providing families, with support Providing food Providing
elders and food supplies special focus rainwater supplies to the livelihood support
PLHA to the most on vulnerable harvesting most needy and to whose
needy and groups like projects vulnerable livelihoods are
Non Food relief vulnerable children, families, with destroyed in fire
Provide non families, with pregnant AA special focus on
food relief such special focus women, constants vulnerable Psycho Social
as blankets, on vulnerable disabled groups like Care
house hold groups like elders and Using PVA to children, Providing psycho
utensils, sanitary children, PLHA facilitate pregnant women, social care to the
kit for women pregnant community disabled, elders affected families
etc. With special women, Non Food action on and PLHA
priority to disabled relief preparednes AA constants
pregnant elders and Provide non s Non Food relief
women, elders PLHA food relief Provide non food Capacity
and other such as Capacity relief such as Building
vulnerable Non Food blankets, Building blankets, house Establishing and
groups relief house hold hold utensils, training to
Provide non utensils, Building the sanitary kit for Disaster
Health food relief sanitary kit capacity of women etc. With Management
such as for women local special priority to Committees
Treatment blankets, etc. With community in pregnant women,
support for water house hold special dealing with elders and other
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14. EARARM – AA Nepal
borne diseases utensils, priority to droughts vulnerable Early Warning
like cholera, sanitary kit pregnant mainly groups Strengthening
diarrhoea and for women women, through rain local capacities in
skin diseases, etc. With elders and water Health the development
provision of special other harvesting and operation of
ORS, organising priority to vulnerable techniques Treatment early warning
health camps pregnant groups support for systems.
women, Early injured people
Water elders and Health Warning Disaster
Providing clean other Water Preparedness/R
drinking vulnerable Treatment Strengthenin Providing clean isk Reduction
water/water groups support for g local drinking water to Using PVA and
purification injured capacities in needy families REFLECT as a
tablets Health people the tool to facilitate
Treatment development AA Priorities community action
AA Priorities support for AA and on preparedness,
injured Priorities operation of Shelter risk reduction
Shelter people and Shelter community Provide support and advocacy.
Provide support disabled Provide based early for reconstruction
for temporary financial warning of collapsed Promoting
shelters and Water assistance to systems. houses increased
reconstruction of Drinking repair/ vegetation
collapsed water/ Water rebuild the Disaster Psycho Social through tree
houses purifying destroyed Preparednes Care plantations
tablets for houses of s/Risk
Educational needy poor families Reduction Providing psycho Improve
Support families in social care to the community
Provision school the relief Educational Using PVA affected people awareness and
supplies and camps. Support as a tool to sensitization
jackets to the Provision facilitate Livelihood programs on the
needy children, AA school community Providing support causes and
teaching – Priorities supplies and action on for restoration of management of
learning aid to organising preparednes livelihood ( seed fire disasters
affected schools Shelter catch up s, support,
etc.) Organising classes for restocking Build the capacity
temporary children Establishing livestock, petty of community
Psycho Social shelters where formal grain bank trades etc) through training
Care Provide education and seed and formation of
support for system is banks in Providing support local cadres of
Providing reconstructio paralysed. villages to women in firefighting
psycho social n of starting volunteers.
care to the collapsed Psycho Promote rain supplementary
affected houses Social Care water income Promote
communities harvesting in generating sustainable land
Educational Providing the activities use practices
Livelihood Support psycho social communities which reduces
Providing care to the AA constants the fire disasters
support for Providing affected Support
restoration of educational people small Using PVA to Implement
livelihood supply to the irrigation facilitate community
poor children Livelihood infrastructure community action forestry projects
Providing and Providing s. on preparedness, for improved
support to organising support for risk reduction community
women in transitional alternate Advocacy and advocacy. participation in
starting educational livelihoods forest fire fighting
supplementary facilities if whose, Advocate Capacity Building
income required. regular with
generating livelihood government Building the
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15. EARARM – AA Nepal
activities Psycho activities are for proper capacity of local
Social Care affected. compensatio community in
AA constants n packages dealing with
Providing Protection and disasters and aid
Using PVA to psycho social increased distribution
facilitate care to the Protection of efforts on benefiting the
community affected women and drought most vulnerable
action on people Children in mitigation in the community
preparedness, the camps
risk reduction Livelihood and Early Warning
and advocacy. Providing communities.
support for Strengthening
Capacity restoration of Conflict local capacities
Building livelihood Mitigation in the
development and
Building the Providing Partner with operation of
capacity of local support to local civil community
community in women in society based early
dealing with starting groups in warning systems
disasters and supplementa promoting primarily on
aid distribution ry income non violent debris flow.
benefiting the generating means
most vulnerable activities Disaster
in the Preparedness/Ri
community AA AA sk Reduction
constants Constants
Early Warning Using PVA as a
Using PVA to Conflict tool to facilitate
Strengthening facilitate Risk community action
local capacities community Reduction on preparedness,
in the action on risk reduction
development preparednes Conflict and advocacy.
and operation of s, risk sensitive
community reduction programming Strengthening/
based early and Establishing
warning advocacy. Activities for grain bank and
systems. youth, seed banks in
Capacity students and villages
Disaster Building women
Preparedness/ involvement Advocacy
Risk Reduction Building the in conflict
capacity of resolution Influencing the
Using PVA as a local government to
tool to facilitate community in Building the invest on
community dealing with local capacity preparedness
action on disasters and in conflict and prevention
preparedness, aid management
risk reduction distribution and peace
and advocacy. benefiting the building
most
vulnerable in Advocacy
Establishing/stre the and Alliance
ngthening seed community building
banks in
villages Improving Advocacy for
the capacity women’s
Setting up of increased
village funds for government access to
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16. EARARM – AA Nepal
emergency institution in justice.
supports. preparing
and Programs
Discourage responding aiming at just
people from to future and
settling in flood disasters. Democratic
plane governance,
Disaster where
Encourage Preparedne increased
diversification of ss/Risk participation
livelihood Reduction of women in
sources as a decision
strategy for Using PVA making
increasing as a tool to dialogues.
community’s facilitate
resilience to community Co-ordination
disasters action on with other
preparednes intervening
Promote good s, risk agencies
land use reduction
practices and Integration of
advocacy. Conflict Risk
Engage in small Reduction in
scale structural Facilitating development
mitigation works creation of work
local
Advocacy committees
for
Advocate with community-
government for level disaster
River response
improvement
works, floodway, Increase the
flood retarding awareness
basin among the
community
Work towards a about good
better land use practices of
management earthquake
system at the proof house/
vulnerable building
communities constructions
Advocate for Support for
better disaster small scale
management structural
policies and mitigations
practices in such as
place. retrofitting
the school.
Organize PVA s
to develop Advocacy
community
based disaster Advocate for
plan timely relief
and recovery
Profile the assistance
experience and from
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17. EARARM – AA Nepal
use it as a tool government
for convincing
the government Advocate for
and other good
agencies about governance
the importance in disaster
of communities’ relief
participation in interventions
disaster
management. Advocate for
appropriate
legislations
to
Insist on
earth proof
resistant
buildings
Project I. Approach
Design AAN believes that poor people have the right to protection, to human security and to access assistance to
survive and recover from disasters. Based on this belief, AAN will work towards building capacities to
ensure a more strategic and rapid response to disasters- before, during and after they occur. Intervention
would follow a rights based approach and would aim at building the capacity of the community in dealing
with the disasters affecting their life. Community participation, Transparency and Downward accountability
would be key principles in the program interventions. Downward accountability would be ensured through
transparency boards, community reviews, PRRPs, social audits and other accountability processes. Rights
and needs of women and vulnerable groups would guide the program planning and the interventions would
be based on the needs of the community and the expertise and resources of ActionAid. Programs would
be implemented in coordination with government and other humanitarian agencies. Relief distribution will
be done respecting the dignity of the affected people.
II. Targeting
Programs would prioritize the needs of vulnerable and excluded groups like widows, pregnant women,
elderly, children and disabled. These groups would be given priority during relief distributions as well as
long term recovery interventions. Targeting will be done by the community, and ensure that the support
reaches the neediest vulnerable population. During conflicts interventions will be planned which would not
aggravate the conflict or trigger new conflicts.
III. Implementation
Programs would be implemented in coordination with local partners and government administrations. Need
assessment and targeting would be done by the community and would be monitored by AAN to make sure
that needs of vulnerable families are addressed. Capacity of community groups would be strengthened to
lead an effective implementation and monitoring and impact assessment of the programs. Programs would
adhere to international humanitarian standards such as Sphere standards and IASC guidelines.
III a. Food and Non Food relief
Essential food items and non food items which are culturally accepted would be distributed through
Community committees. Warehouses would be identified in villages and distribution would be done
systematically ensuring transparency and accountability. Special attention would be given to address the
malnourishment of children through supplementary food distribution. Similarly the nutritional needs of
pregnant and lactating mothers’ women would be given priority during food distribution.
III b. Water
Packaged drinking water, trucking of potable water and supply of water purification tablets would be done
where ever required. Supporting rehabilitation/construction of water sources and rainwater harvesting
structure would be another intervention to ensure availability of hygienic water to the people.
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18. EARARM – AA Nepal
III c. Sanitation
Temporary toilets would be constructed at relief camps in time of major emergencies and sanitation and
hygiene awareness programs would be organised.
III d. Health
Support would be given for treatment of diseases like cholera and injuries during flood. Health awareness
programs would be implemented to improve the health and hygiene during emergencies. Provision of bed
nets would be done for preventing mosquito born diseases. Organising medical camps would be done if
situation demands.
III e. Education
Educational supplied will be provided for reducing drop outs and transitional educational facilities would be
organised if necessary.
III f. Livelihood
Livelihood restoration would be prioritised for ensuring food security of the poor families. Provision of basic
start ups for livelihood activities like agriculture, livestock, petty trades (mainly for women). Efforts will be
made to strengthen the existing livelihoods and to diversify the livelihood sources as a strategy for
livelihood resilience.
III g. Shelter
Support will be provided to the neediest families for setting up transitional shelters and repairing the
damaged houses in the immediate aftermath of a disaster.
III h. Psycho Social Care
In order to address the trauma of the affected people, a community based psycho social care would be
implemented.
III i. Building capacity of Community Structure
Capacity building programs would be conducted for Disaster Management Committees (DMC) and other
community structures for engaging in disaster response and disseminating messages on risk reduction.
Building the capacity of the government disaster management machinery would also be targeted on a long
term basis.
IV. Long Term Programs for Rehabilitation and Recovery
Depending on the availability of funds AAN would support the community in different sectors like Health,
Livelihood, Shelter, Capacity Building, Disaster/Conflict Risk reduction and preparedness. Improving the
community capacity to analyse and mitigate disasters and conflicts would be a key area of intervention.
Participatory tools such as Participatory vulnerability Analysis ( PVA) and REFLECT will be used for this
purpose.
V. Monitoring and Evaluation
A community based participatory monitoring and evaluation would be carried out to improve the quality and
effectiveness of the program.
Technical We will adhere to the relevant international standards such as SPHERE standards and IASC Guidelines in
Standards our disaster interventions.
, if any
SPHERE Standards
Requirements by sector
FOOD
• 2100 Kcal/person/day
• 10-12% of total energy is provided by protein
• 17% of total energy is provided by fat
• Micro nutrients intake through fresh or fortified food
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19. EARARM – AA Nepal
WATER
• 2.5 to 3 litres/person/day
SANITATION
• One toilet for maximum 20 people
• Separate toilets for males and females
Inter- Action Aid Nepal works on 3 foundation themes; Women’s Rights; Right to Education and Right to Food.
Thematic Human Security in Emergencies and Just and Democratic Governance cuts across all the above 3
Linkages themes.
While planning activities in other thematic areas, efforts would be made to make it sensitive to the issues
around disasters and conflict. Also the emergencies and conflict program planning would be done with a
built in component of other thematic areas such as education, women’s right, food rights and governance.
Our interventions on education will also address the disaster risk reduction issues which can be in the form
of promoting disaster education at schools, school safety or making school a locus of DRR activities in the
community. REFLECT will be used as a major tool for disaster preparedness and risk reduction in the
communities.
Women’s right thematic interventions would also identify the vulnerabilities of women in disasters and
conflict and would develop strategies to address those issues with a long term perspective. Identifying and
addressing the factors which make women vulnerable especially during a crisis would be a key intervention
by women rights unit. Same way while humanitarian interventions are made in an emergency context,
needs of women and children would be given priority. Women’s involvement would be ensured in the
critical decision making process.
Food security themes will analyse the vulnerability factors which decrease the food security of poor
families whom we work with, in the context of disasters and emergencies and identify ways to address it.
Working towards economic empowerment and food security through sustainable livelihood approach would
be a priority in improving the resilience of communities to recurring natural disasters and other
emergencies.
HIV/AIDS project interventions would try to incorporate the special needs of People living with HIV and
AIDS in a disaster/conflict context and reduce their vulnerabilities to emergencies.
Governance theme would equally address the policy issues which makes the poor more vulnerable to
disasters and conflict and to address the root cause, in coordination with other themes. Governance theme
would engage with the government and other power structures in order to address the issues related to
disasters and conflict and to bring their focus to effective disaster/conflict reduction and mitigation
measures at the national/regional and local levels.
How Will RBA/ALPS Principles/Women’s Rights Be Incorporated In Emergency Programming
• Protecting and promoting rights of vulnerable in accessing basic survival needs like food, shelter, water, and
health as well as physical and psychological security; and rights to development like participation, information
and education etc.
• Using emergency operation as a means to promote over all rights of the excluded and marginalised people.
• Ensuring that quality assistance reaches those affected and that their rights and dignity are protected even in
the midst of emergencies
• Taking sides with vulnerable and poor people including women ,children ,People with disability (PWD s) etc
• Effort to put women’s right at centre of all actions.
• Identifying different roles of other stakeholders and ensuring that partnerships are mutually re-enforcing.
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20. EARARM – AA Nepal
• By working in close coordination with government, influencing the government to assign the primary
responsibility of addressing the needs of people during disasters and emergencies.
• Ensuring that we work in a transparent and accountable manner especially to vulnerable and affected people
through tools like transparency boards, social audits, PRRP s.
• Being sensitive to local cultural differences and respecting them
• Promoting participation and ensuring decision making at levels where the greatest impact would be felt
• Strengthening active agency of marginalised and excluded group of people to influence the policy and
practices.
SECTOR IV: HUMAN RESOURCES ISSUES
Additional human resource requirements locally, sources of quick recruitment and lead times
During Medium Emergencies Major Emergencies
Will manage with the existing staff of AAN and partners. Through local partners/CSO network
Will maintain a database of potential candidates for quick
recruitment
Would utilise the service of local volunteers who have
been trained in various aspects of disaster management
though various DRR projects implemented by AAN
Additional human resource requirements from E-FAST/internationally
During medium emergencies Major emergencies
No requirement IECT Advisor
Experts in Need assessment, Fund raising and Donor
communication
IDP resettlement expert
Psycho social care expert
Water and sanitation specialist
Public health specialist
Capacity-Building Needs, Plans and Budget for Disaster Management for 2009
Training on Participatory Vulnerability Analysis (PVA) for conflict and disaster vulnerability analysis
Training on SPHERE and other standards in humanitarian response
Psycho social care
Communication/documentation in disasters and emergency context
Capacity building of Disaster Management Committees formed in communities and relief camps
Capacity building staff of ActionAid and partners in emergency programs (“Bicycle lane to Express lane” training by
IECT)
Security trainings for the newly-recruited staff
SECTIONV: LINKAGE ANALYSIS
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21. EARARM – AA Nepal
i) Local Partners
Available local 1. Lumanti, Katmandu (DA6)
partners for 2. Jana Sewa Samaj Nepal (JSSN), Khotang (DA 8)
sector/areas 3. Underprivileged Children’s Association- Nepal (UPCA), Sansurai ( DA 10)
4. Sustainable Livelihood Forum (SLF), Purbat (DA 11)
5. Community Support Group (CSG), Kailali (DI 12 )
6. Radha Krishna Tharu Jana Sewa Kendhra (RKJS), Bardiya (DI 12)
7. Bhumeshwar Community Development Organisation (BCD) ), Baitadi (DI 13)
8. Manekor Society Nepal (MSN), Rasuwa (DI 14)
9. Nepal Agro Forestry Foundation (NAF), Rasuwa (DI 14)
10. Ecology Agriculture and rural Development Society (ECARDS) Dolakha (DI 15)
11. Human Rights Awareness Centre and Rural Development Society (HURADEC) ( DI 15)
12. Siddhartha Social Development Centre (SSDC), Kapilabastu (DI16)
13. Sahaj Nepal (SN) Kapilabasthu ( DI16)
14. Divya Yuva Club (DYC) Parsa (DI 17)
15. Arunoday Youth Club (AYC) Parsa (DI 17)
16. Dalit Jana Kalyan Yuva Club (DJKYC), Siraha (DI 18)
17. Society for Environment and Education Development (SEED) (DI 19)
18. Boat for Community Development (BCD), Dang (DI 19)
19. Community Self Reliance Centre (CSRC), Kathmandu (DI 20)
20. Dhanusha Sewa Samithi (DSS), Dhanusha (DI 21)
21. Social Development Path, Nepal (SODEP), Dhanusha (DI 21)
22. Sustainable adn Equitable Development Academy (SEDA), Jumla (DI 22)
23. Rural Development Group Program (RDGP), Jumla (DI 22)
24. Suddhartha Club (SC), Kaski (DI 23)
25. Children adn Women Empowerment Society (CWES), Pokhra (DI 23)
26. Friends of Hope (FoH) , Pokhra, Kaski (DI 23)
27. Community Support Group (CSG) Kaski (DI23 )
28. Vijaya development Resource Centre (VDRC) Nawalparasi (DI 24)
29. Majhi, Musahar, Bote Kalyan Sewa Samiti (MMBKSS), Nawalparasi (DI 24 )
30. Sahamati, Nawalparasi (DI 24)
31. Indreni Social Development Forum (ISDF), Nawalparasi (DI 24)
32. Community Development Organisation ( CDO) (DI 24)
33. Rashtriya Dalit Network (RDN) Kailali (DI 25)
34. Rural development Centre (RDC), Bara (DI 26)
35. Ney Young Star Club (NYSC), Bara (DI 26)
36. Janachetana Jagaran Abhiyan (JJA), Bara (DI 26)
37. Madan Bhandari Memorial Academy, Nepal (MBMAN), mangalbare (DI 27)
38. Nari Bikas Sangh (NBS) Morang (DI 27)
39. Nepal Social Development People Empowerment Centre (NESPEC), Gaighat (DI 27)
40. Chelibeti Club (CC) , Boske (DI 28)
41. Apang Vikas Sangh, Udaypur (DI 28)
42. Muldhar Mahila Sewa Kendra, Udaypur ( DI 28)
43. Feminist Dalit Organisation , Gaighat (DI 28)
44. Dalit Network, Udaypur (DI 28)
45. Nawa Prabhat Samajsebi Pariwar , Udaypur (DI 28)
46. Human Resource Centre , Bajura (DI 29)
47. Peacewin, Bajura (DI 29)
Sectors/region
s for which no
current partner
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22. EARARM – AA Nepal
Plans to AAN will initiate relief interventions in areas where we it doesn’t have presence, through government
develop agencies and Nepal Red Cross Society. As a preparedness measure AAN would identify and initiate
partners contacts with potential partners in the hazard prone areas (where AAN doesn’t have presence
currently but would prefer to intervene in future) in order to implement relief programs swiftly.
ii) In-country Donors Relationship Analysis
Received money No money regular Little or no
Donors
before interaction interaction
DFID
ECHO X
UNDP
AUSAID
CIDA
Plans to Cultivate Relationships with Donors Assistance Needed from IECT/IPD in Doing So
Advice on how best to align human security
Complete the donor scoping and identifying potential country strategy to donor strategies in
donor and their agenda in the country emergencies.
Build relationship through visits, sharing reports, Link with IPD Brussels to access ECHO
strategies and updating AAN activities and funds and donor intelligence information.
achievements Liaise with ECHO-Nepal office (support from
Invite the donors for visits to our projects IPD ARO/ IECT advisor).
Attend coordination meetings and joint assessments Explanation and engagement with the IASC
Build Profile and increase the visibility for more Cluster system.
recognition from donors
iii) In-Country Media Relationship Analysis
Media Agency Strong Medium Weak
BBC
Kanthipur TV
Nepal Tele Vision (NTV)
Radio Nepal
Times FM
Nepal News (Daily Newspaper)
The Kathmandu Post (Daily Newspaper)
The Rising Nepal (Daily Newspaper)
Plans to Cultivate Relationships with Media Assistance Needed from IECT/Int’l Communications
Dept.
Write case studies and reports Link AAN with those media groups not in Nepal.
Share research reports with the media Create publications, publish research reports etc.
Write press releases and news articles on our Invite international journalists on field trips and
emergency and long-term development work. visits.
Undertake impact assessment on all projects and AAN to link up with Communications teams in
document evidence ARO, London and IECT
Build the capacity of the local media, in Enhance involvement of media in development
investigative journalism and reporting and emergency issues and responses (write to
BBC World Service Trust).
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23. EARARM – AA Nepal
Training in communications, both for emergency
and long-term development work.
Information on how to write and publish blogs.
Publish information on European AAI country
websites to aid with fundraising.
iii) Government Agencies Relationship Status
Govt. Agency Strong Medium Weak
Ministry of Home Affairs Disaster Management Section X
Ministry of Health X
Ministry of Agriculture X
Ministry of Social Welfare X
District administrations X
Department of Hydrology and Meteorology X
Central / Regional/District Natural Disaster Relief Committees
Plans to Develop Relationships further with Government Agencies
Attend coordination meetings
Engage with government in relevant M&E activities
Design appropriate capacity building programmes
Communicate better (ideas, development philosophy etc.)
Share plans and reports with relevant government agencies
Attach experts/advisors to different government agencies
Contribute to the National Platform on Disaster Management set up by government
iv) Relationships with other Relevant Non-Governmental Agencies
Agency Strong Medium Weak
CARE
OXFAM
PRACTICAL ACTION
NEPAL REDCROSS
SAVE THE CHILDREN
UNITED MISSION TO NEPAL
LUTHERAN WORLD SERVICE NEPAL
PLAN Nepal
NORAD
GTZ
Plans to Develop Relationships Further with Non-Government Agencies
Create cross-learning environment
Attend coordination meetings
Arrange regular meetings.
Involve them in strategic planning processes
Be involved in any consortium groups
Share reports
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24. EARARM – AA Nepal
Continue the engagement with DPNet
Annexure 1: AAN intervention Areas
24
