Muhammad Zubair

simply bearing of the line closed traverse open traverse survey of details whole circle bearing system arbitrary or assumed meridian secondary triangles‟. primary network control points meridian basic principle of surveying designations of bearings assumed meridian true or geographic meridian to work from whole to part and not form part to wh traverse survey arbitrary azimuth magnetic meridian bearing of a line fore and back bearing magnetic declination closing error or error of enclosure problem calculated bearing calculation of angles from bearings solution quadrantal bearing system simply declination local attraction wcb system area of a closed traverse by (d.m.d) method longitude departure dip and magnetic declination latitude dip conversion of fb to bb to find back bearing from fore bearing vegetation and organic matters alkalis iron pyrites composition of good brick-earth test for determining presence of lime in brick-ear magnesia oxide of iron necessary ingredients of brick affecting the brick harmful ingredients in bricks silica pebbles lime ingredients effecting bricks alumina