World Wars Compared

World Wars Compared What do you know?

The Great War / World War I / The War to end all wars

World War II – “Theaters” in Europe, the Pacific, N. Africa, etc.

What do you know about World War I and World War II?
In your notebooks, brainstorm what you know about
Causes:
Sides of the war:
Who won:
Why the winners won:
Results:
You have 5 minutes . . .GO!

Remember : Wars cause economic & social changes

Remember: Wars have political results . (For example . . . ) British soldiers from India in WWI= Indian Independence? African-American tank corps in WWII= Civil Rights Movement? Some governments gained power as they controlled the war effort. Some governments fell at the end of the war.

Remember: War has a significant impact on civilians, economies, and governments.

World Wars Compared An overview

The Great War / World War I 1914-1918 U.S. was directly involved: 1917-1918

World War II 1937 to 1945 in Asia 1939 to 1945 in Europe and Africa U.S. was directly involved: 1941-1945

World War I - overview
Global conflict between the “Central Powers” and the “Allies.”
The first global modern war.

World War I - overview
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire
Allies: France, Russia, Great Britain, Japan, Italy, Belgium (and later the U.S.) and others
The Western Front

World War II - overview
Global conflict between the “Axis Powers” and the “Allies.” Most extensive of all wars.

World War II - overview
Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, and Italy
Allies: France, Great Britain, Soviet Union, the U.S. and others

World Wars Compared CAUSES

Causes of World War I (interpretations anyone?)

The Environment for the Great War was created by
ALLIANCES
In order to balance power and “protect” themselves, the nations of Europe had joined in military alliances with other nations.

NATIONALISM
Patriotism and loyalty were on the rise among many groups in Europe.
War was in the air?

MILITARISM
Industrialized nations were building up their militaries.
(Germany was especially aggressive.)

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Nations now had the technology to mass produce war material in mass quantities.

IMPERIALISM caused tension, too.

There were of course many other contributing factors to the outbreak of WWI, for example:
List of Events:
1870-1871: Franco-Prussian War
1899-1900: Boer War
1900: German Navy Law
1905-6:First Moroccan Crisis
1908: Daily Telegraph article
1908-9:Bosnian Crisis
1911:Agadir Affair (Second Moroccan Crisis)
1912: First Balkan War
1913: Second Balkan War
These are examples of conflicts and increased tensions between major European powers prior to the outbreak of the First World War.

Game on!
Assassination of Archduke of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist – the incident that sparked the conflict?

Game on!
Germany assured Austria-Hungary of full assistance in a war.
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.
Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary.
Germany declared war on Russia and France.

The Ottoman Empire declared war on Russia and the other Allies in hopes of regaining land it had lost.
Germany moved troops into Belgium to invade France. Belgians resisted.

Belgium and Great Britain declared war on Germany and the other Central Powers.
AUGUST, 1914 – The Great War began!

WWI - “A Family Feud”
Central Powers:
Wilhelm II - the Kaiser of Germany
Franz Joseph - the Emperor of Austria-Hungary
Allies:
Nicholas II - the Tsar of Russia
George V - King of England
Albert - King of Belgium
Wilhelm II, Nicholas II, and George V were COUSINS
Albert was their SECOND COUSIN
Franz Joseph was their GREAT UNCLE
ALSO:
Alexandra, Nicholas II’s wife, was a cousin of Wilhelm II, George V, and her husband Nicholas II.
She was a German princess.

“ The War (WWI) was decided in the first twenty days of fighting, and all that happened afterwards consisted in battles which, however formidable and devastating, were but desperate and vain appeals against the decision of Fate.” Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965), British statesman, writer. Preface to E. L. Spears, Liaison 1914 (1930).

In 1917, Russia withdrew because of revolution/civil war in Russia
The U.S. joined the Allies because of the “Rape of Belgium,” German unrestricted submarine warfare, & the Zimmerman telegram.

World War II
(same song, second verse?)

The Environment for World War II was created by:
Resentment about the Treaty of Versailles – in the peace treaty that ended WWI, Germany was severely punished, and Italy & Japan didn’t gain the territory they thought they deserved.

Environment for WAR:
Global Economic Depression – the most severe and widespread economic crisis of history took place in the 1930s.

Economic problems allowed leaders with radical ideas to gain a following in Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, and elsewhere.

German, Japanese, Italian, (& Soviet Russia) militarism, nationalism, and desire for territory.

Aggressors March!
Germans moved into the Rhineland, annexed Austria, and part of Czechoslovakia.

The Italians invaded Ethiopia

The Japanese invaded China from Manchuria and then French Indochina

Britain, France, and the U.S. did NOT want war again (for economic, political, social reasons).

World leaders and World Opinion included ideas that . . .
Germany was wronged in the Treaty of Versailles. Germans should be united.
Hitler was better than Stalin. Maybe they’ll destroy each other?
Some thought, “It’s a European problem / Asian problem”.
War is being pushed by capitalists who want to make money.

And then war came to them . . .
Japan invaded China in force in 1937.
Nazi Germany invaded Poland in 1939.
Nazi Germany and Italy invaded France and everywhere else they could.
Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941 and everywhere else they could.

In BOTH WARS, Propaganda was used by all governments to secure support for the wars.

World Wars Compared WARFARE

Both WARS
Global conflicts with huge costs
Mass production of mass destruction!
New weapons and technology
More men and more material meant more victories.
TOTAL WAR – attacks on civilians, use of media and propaganda, government control of economy for war

World War I - Warfare
Trench warfare
Stalemate along the Western Front
War of attrition – neither side gaining ground but war casualties very high.
Tactics were old-school.

World War I - Warfare
Chemical Weapons – mustard gas and chlorine gas
New weapons of war – machine guns, airplanes, tanks, submarines, flamethrowers, l o n g range artillery

World War II Warfare
Fast moving air, sea, and land tactics – new school
Surprise attack and covert communications & operations

Truly global approach to offensive operations

Amphibious warfare (D-Day and Island Hopping)

More new “weapons”

No surrender?

The Holocaust

World Wars Compared RESULTS

RESULTS of both WARS
Chaos and destruction – lives, property, economies, & governments

“ Losers” lost territory and colonies
Maps redrawn
1914

Changed political structures
New governments took power
Expanded power of government
Christianity lost its influence in Western Europe.

Changed societies
Women and minorities pushed for changes

International organizations – League of Nations, UN
New powers emerged – the U.S. in both wars, Japan after WWI, Soviet Union after WWII
WAR! World War II and the Cold War?

New technology and inventions

Western European superiority was questioned
Nationalism and Independence movements grew in European colonies – India, SE Asia, and Africa

Results of WWI
1918 Influenza Pandemic
Chemical Weapons were outlawed.

Results of WWI
Russian Revolution and Civil War

Results of WWI
Germany punished severely (reparations)
Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, Russian, and German Empire fell.
The Great Depression?

Results of WWII
Trials for War Crimes
Migration of
people

Results of WWII
U.S. prosperity . . . that lasted

Results of WWII – The Cold War
Division of the world into U.S. and its allies against the U.S.S.R. and its allies.

Results of WWII
Tension remained between Japan and China
Continued Arms race – nuclear weapons

World Wars Compared

by Nathan Roher on Mar 10, 2011

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