The Crusades A Brief Look

The Crusades A series of military campaigns from the 1090s to the 1400s by a variety of European military groups into parts of the Byzantine Empire and Muslim controlled Middle East.

A series of military campaigns from the 1090s to the 1400s by a variety of European military groups into parts of the Byzantine Empire and Muslim controlled Middle East.

Why did the CRUSADES begin? Read Pope Urban II’s speech – Summarize the main ideas of the speech by listing in your notebook the: “ The top 5 reasons to go on Crusades.”

Read Pope Urban II’s speech –

Summarize the main ideas of the speech by listing in your notebook the:

“ The top 5 reasons to go on Crusades.”

Categorize your five reasons. What are the political, economic, social, and religious reasons he gives?

What are the political, economic, social, and religious reasons he gives?

Events that may have led to the Crusades A Christian Church in Jerusalem was destroyed by the “Caliph” of the region. Pilgrim routes (to the Holy Land) were closed for a period of time. The Byzantine Empire was losing territory to Islamic Turks; Byzantine leaders requested assistance from other Christian kingdoms.

A Christian Church in Jerusalem was destroyed by the “Caliph” of the region.

Pilgrim routes (to the Holy Land) were closed for a period of time.

The Byzantine Empire was losing territory to Islamic Turks; Byzantine leaders requested assistance from other Christian kingdoms.

And so they fought . . .

THE CRUSADES The Islamic groups holding the regions of the Middle East were not unified at the time and were “caught off guard” by these invasions. Each crusade was different—rarely unified. Massacres were committed by Muslim and Christian armies during the wars.

The Islamic groups holding the regions of the Middle East were not unified at the time and were “caught off guard” by these invasions.

Each crusade was different—rarely unified.

Massacres were committed by Muslim and Christian armies during the wars.

Crusader Kingdoms Eventually, European armies took and held regions in the Middle East for nearly a century.

RESULTS of the CRUSADES On the Byzantine Empire Weakening of the Empire due to the pillaging of Constantinople and taking of Byzantine lands. Severed political and religious connections to Western Europe.

On the Byzantine Empire

Weakening of the Empire due to the pillaging of Constantinople and taking of Byzantine lands.

Severed political and religious connections to Western Europe.

Siege of Constantinople

RESULTS of the CRUSADES On western Europe: Nationalism within Europe Increased desire for “eastern” goods and increased trade connections with the Islamic markets.

On western Europe:

Nationalism within Europe

Increased desire for “eastern” goods and increased trade connections with the Islamic markets.

Late Medieval Trade Routes

RESULTS of the CRUSADES On western Europe: Exposure to Islamic learning, innovation, and technological advancements

On western Europe:

Exposure to Islamic learning, innovation, and technological advancements

RESULTS of the CRUSADES On the Islamic groups of the Middle East Very little change in politics or culture The Islamic Leader, Saladin, helped unify Muslim forces and re-conquer most of the Middle East and Asia Minor by the 1200s. Though crusades continued, Muslims held the “Holy Land.”

On the Islamic groups of the Middle East

Very little change in politics or culture

The Islamic Leader, Saladin, helped unify Muslim forces and re-conquer most of the Middle East and Asia Minor by the 1200s.

Though crusades continued, Muslims held the “Holy Land.”