Sub-Saharan Africa A Review

Bantu Migration From West Africa, groups of Bantu-speaking people migrated southward and eastward. (1000s bce to the 500s ce)

From West Africa, groups of Bantu-speaking people migrated southward and eastward. (1000s bce to the 500s ce)

Bantu Migration

Bantu Migration As they moved, population increased and cultural diffusion and mixing forever altered Africa. (In some ways these migrations were like the Western Expansion of European-Americans)

As they moved, population increased and cultural diffusion and mixing forever altered Africa.

(In some ways these migrations were like the Western Expansion of European-Americans)

Islamic Influence Islam spread into sub-Saharan East and West Africa.

Islam spread into sub-Saharan East and West Africa.

Spread of Islam

Islamic Influence Primarily, Islam came to Africa through trade contacts that were well-established in East Africa by the 400s ce and in West Africa by the 800s ce.

Primarily, Islam came to Africa through trade contacts that were well-established in East Africa by the 400s ce and in West Africa by the 800s ce.

Islamic Influence Merchants and were generally the first to convert. Why? Ruling class or upper class often converted to Islam after the merchants. The commoners, if they converted at all, became Muslims much later.

Merchants and were generally the first to convert. Why?

Ruling class or upper class often converted to Islam after the merchants.

The commoners, if they converted at all, became Muslims much later.

Islamic Influence Arabic and Middle Eastern cultural influences mixed with African culture In areas such as: Language Education Architecture Justice system / law Gender roles Social classes

Arabic and Middle Eastern cultural influences mixed with African culture

In areas such as:

Language

Education

Architecture

Justice system / law

Gender roles

Social classes

CONTROLLING TRADE – West Africa Ruling classes collected taxes on the salt and other goods traded in their cities. Governments had a monopoly on a variety of trade items including gold nuggets. Therefore they controlled supply and kept prices high.

Ruling classes collected taxes on the salt and other goods traded in their cities.

Governments had a monopoly on a variety of trade items including gold nuggets. Therefore they controlled supply and kept prices high.

CONTROLLING TRADE – East Africa East African port cities were the connection point between the interior and South and the Indian Ocean trade network. Each port city took advantage of trade in different ways. For example . . . Had official trade agents Monopolized certain goods (ivory, slaves, metals)

East African port cities were the connection point between the interior and South and the Indian Ocean trade network.

Each port city took advantage of trade in different ways. For example . . .

Had official trade agents

Monopolized certain goods (ivory, slaves, metals)

Kingdoms and Empires (AP) West Africa – Ghana, Mali, Songhay, Benin East Africa – Ethiopia, Kilwa and Mogadishu South Africa – Great Zimbabwe Chapter 8 in the textbook.

West Africa – Ghana, Mali, Songhay, Benin

East Africa – Ethiopia, Kilwa and Mogadishu

South Africa – Great Zimbabwe

Chapter 8 in the textbook.