1. Unit 3
Formulas
to Learn
Foundation

2. Transformation means
move or change

3. T for Translation
E for Enlargement
R for Rotation
R for Reflection
Unit 3

4. Translation means slide
needs a column vector

5. Enlargement needs
scale factor and point

6. Rotation needs
an angle, direction and
point

7. Reflection needs the name
of a mirror line

8. Area of a triangle is
base x height ÷ by 2

9. Area of a parallelogram is
base x height

10. Area of a trapezium is
(a+b) x h ÷ 2

11. Area of circle =
radius squared x by ∏

12. Circumference of a circle
is diameter x ∏

13. Volume of cube or cuboid
is
the
length x width x height

14. Volume of a prism is
area of cross section x
length

15. Volume of a cylinder is
radius squared x ∏ x height

16. Congruent means
exactly the same

17. Similar means
the same shape
different size

18. The quadrilaterals
Square, rectangle,
parallelogram
rhombus, kite and
trapezium

19. To find
10 %
divide by 10

20. Estimate means
round and workout!

21. Perpendicular means
at right-angles to!

22. A bearing is an angle
measured clockwise from
north

23. The x axis is called y=0
The y axis is called x=0

24. Speed = distance ÷ time

25. Density = mass ÷ volume

26. Reciprocal means
one divided by
reciprocal of 2 is ½

27. The opposite of square is
square root
The opposite of cube is
cube root

28. Length = cm
Area = cm²
Volume = cm³

29. Angles in an equilateral
triangle are 60º

30. Angles in a triangle add up
to 180°
Angles in a quadrilateral
add up to 360º

31. Interior angle sum of a
polygon is
(n-2) x 180°

32. For polygons
Interior + Exterior =
180º

33. C for corresponding
I for Interior
A for alternate
O for opposite

34. Corresponding angles are
equal
C
C

35. Interior angles add up to
180º
X
X

36. Alternate angles are equal
A
A

37. Opposite angles are equal
O
O

38. Parallel lines are like
train tracks

39. Parallel lines have
the same
gradient

40. Equation of a straight line is
y = +/- gradient x +/- Intercept

41. y x y = y²

42. y + y = 2y

43. The Rules of indices
a4 x a5 = a9
a7 ÷ a3 = a4
(a6)3 = a18

44. A number in Standard
Form is in two parts
3.6 x 106

45. To add and subtract
fractions
the denominators must be
the same

46. To multiply fractions we
multiply
top by top
bottom by bottom

47. Negative x negative =
Positive
Positive x negative =
negative

48. To divide fractions we
invert
the second fraction
and multiply

49. Solve means
to find the value of
x= or y=

50. Simplify means
collect all the like terms.

51. Expand means
remove the brackets
2(x – 4) = 2x - 8

52. Factorise means
put the brackets back in.
Factor (outside bracket)

53. Change the subject
means
rearrange legally!!!

54. Expanding double
brackets
( x + 4 )( x - 3 )

55. Order of Operations
Brackets
Indices
division
Multiplication
Addition
Subtraction

56. Inequalities
treat like an
equals
2x + 1 < 5

57. For sequences find the
‘goes up in’
and adjust
2, 5, 8, 11, ….

58. Conversions
1kg ~ 2.2 lbs
1 L ~ 1.75 pints
8 km ~ 5 miles
2.5 cm ~ 1 inch

59. Pythagoras’ theorem
a² + b² = c²
a
b
C

60. Locus means
‘the path of a point’

61. The polygons
triangle
quadrilateral
pentagon
hexagon
heptagon
octagon
nonagon
decagon

62. Plan view means
a birds’ eye view

63. The four types of angles
are
Acute
obtuse
reflex
right-angle

64. A perpendicular
bisector
cuts a line in half at
right-angles

65. For sequences find the
‘goes up in’
and adjust.

66. The four types of triangle
are
equilateral
isosceles
right-angled
scalene