1945-1991 Our Final Unit The Cold War

Quietly write down what you think this symbolizes or what it means Don’t tell anyone

Lets list some things that jump to mind when we say the term “Cold War”

Major Events to Know About Marshall Plan Berlin Airlift NATO SPUTNIK Korean War U2 Incident Berlin Wall Cuban Missile Crisis Vietnam War Nuclear Armageddon Fall of the Berlin Wall and the Soviet Union

Marshall Plan Berlin Airlift

NATO SPUTNIK

Korean War U2 Incident

Berlin Wall Cuban Missile Crisis

Vietnam War Nuclear Armageddon

Fall of the Berlin Wall and the Soviet Union

1980 Olympics Flyers vs Red Army team

What is a Cold War????? How would you define or describe what “Cold War” means? How would it be different from a “Hot War”

How would you define or describe what “Cold War” means?

How would it be different from a “Hot War”

No DIRECT fighting between the US / Western Europe and the Soviets Period of high tensions (1945-1991) War by Proxy. (Support others who are fighting) Arms Race – conventional and nuclear Spies / Espionage against one another Propaganda Big Fear: Cold War will become a Hot War. What happens then? What is a COLD WAR?

Soviet Union Buffer States Buffer States Buffer States Buffer States Buffer States Buffer Countries (“satalite states”) Europe At the End of World War II

How / Why Did the Cold War Start? Choices at end of WWII Rebuild Germany and the rest of Europe Blame Germany and make them suffer Soviets want a buffer zone between them and Germany Set up puppet governments in Eastern Europe

Choices at end of WWII

Rebuild Germany and the rest of Europe

Blame Germany and make them suffer

Soviets want a buffer zone between them and Germany

Set up puppet governments in Eastern Europe

The US has its own ideas US wants to rebuild Europe Don’t kick someone when they are down Remember what happened because of the Treaty of Versailles? Creation of the Marshall Plan Rebuild Europe Soviet Union NOT happy See it as the US rearming Germany

US wants to rebuild Europe

Don’t kick someone when they are down

Remember what happened because of the Treaty of Versailles?

Creation of the Marshall Plan

Rebuild Europe

Soviet Union NOT happy

See it as the US rearming Germany

THE MARSHALL PLAN – America’s idea to Rebuild Germany

Put Germany back together Rebuild towns, roads, cities, railroads Send food, clothing, money to rebuild Germany Soviets see this as a threat “ They are rebuilding the Nazi’s homeland!”

Cold War Events Soviets install Puppet Govts in Eastern Europe Will do whatever Soviets tell them to do Marshal Plan rebuilds Western Europe Berlin Blockade and Airlift Soviets cut off Berlin from the west US flies in supplies to Berliners Creation of NATO and Warsaw Pact Alliances of Western powers vs Eastern Powers Creation of Israel – safe haven for Jews Start of Arab / Israeli Wars Korean War

Soviets install Puppet Govts in Eastern Europe

Will do whatever Soviets tell them to do

Marshal Plan rebuilds Western Europe

Berlin Blockade and Airlift

Soviets cut off Berlin from the west

US flies in supplies to Berliners

Creation of NATO and Warsaw Pact

Alliances of Western powers vs Eastern Powers

Creation of Israel – safe haven for Jews

Start of Arab / Israeli Wars

Korean War

Iron Curtain – A term used by Winston Churchill to describe the separating of Those communist lands of East Europe from the West .

We are closing the border! Stay out! But what about the people in West Berlin?! HELP!

Berlin Airlift Soviet Union Cuts off Supplies to West Berlin All ground traffic stopped outside and supplies not allowed in U.S. decides to fly in supplies to Berlin, defying the USSR

Soviet Union Cuts off Supplies to West Berlin

All ground traffic stopped outside and supplies not allowed in

U.S. decides to fly in supplies to Berlin, defying the USSR

NATO

Creation of NATO N orth A tlantic T reaty O rganization – alliance of western nations Warsaw Pact – alliance of USSR and its allies

Cold War People Early Cold War Years Nikita Khrushchev Soviet Union Harry S Truman John F Kennedy U.S.

Early Cold War Years

Nikita Khrushchev

Soviet Union

Harry S Truman

John F Kennedy

U.S.

Sputnik (1957) October 4, 1957: Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I. The world's first artificial satellite Size of a basketball, The Race for Space Bragging Rights to Soviets “ We got there first!”

October 4, 1957: Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I.

The world's first artificial satellite

Size of a basketball,

Shocks the US If they can do that, they can hit us from space!

Shocks the US

If they can do that, they can hit us from space!

Marked the start of the space age and the U.S.-U.S.S.R space race . The Ultimate Prize: Who will be the first to land on the moon?

Marked the start of the space age and the U.S.-U.S.S.R space race .

The Ultimate Prize:

Who will be the first to land on the moon?

The Korean War (1950-53) Communist North Korea invades South Korea U.S. decides to help South Korea w/money, troops Inchon Chinese Intervention Two sides fight to stalemate 3 years – 50,000 US Casualties

Communist North Korea invades South Korea

U.S. decides to help South Korea w/money, troops

Inchon

Chinese Intervention

Two sides fight to stalemate

3 years – 50,000 US Casualties

Cold War Events U2 Spyplane incident Berlin Wall Built Cuban Missile Crisis

U2 Spyplane incident

Berlin Wall Built

Cuban Missile Crisis

Berlin Wall

West German cars

East German cars

Western Side of the wall Eastern Side of the wall Notice any differences?

Soviets put nuclear missiles in Cuba Will the US bomb the missile sites? If they do, the Soviets will retaliate Result – Nuclear War US Blockades Cuba instead Soviets give in – dismantle missiles World breathes sigh of relief

Cold War Events Colonial Empires Crumble New countries in Africa, Asia India Proxy Wars Vietnam War (1960s) US helps S. Vietnam fight communist N. Vietnam Only war the US ever lost Soviets invade Afghanistan (1980s) US supports Afghan resistance Including Osama Bin Laden Soviets lose

Colonial Empires Crumble

New countries in Africa, Asia

India

Proxy Wars

Vietnam War (1960s)

US helps S. Vietnam fight communist N. Vietnam

Only war the US ever lost

Soviets invade Afghanistan (1980s)

US supports Afghan resistance

Including Osama Bin Laden

Soviets lose

What If?? What if the Cold War ever went Hot? What did the experts predict would happen?

What if the Cold War ever went Hot?

What did the experts predict would happen?

What would have happened if the Soviets ever decided to expand into Western Europe? … And it would not have stopped there -

What would happen if we ever fought the Soviets Directly?

What would happen if we ever fought the Soviets Directly?

Note the crater

50 years of living "under the gun"

What would have happened to us, here in Ambler??

Soviet Nuclear Missile Target Sites

You are here

This is going to hurt

“ Russians” Sting 1985

“ Tear Down This Wall!” -Ronald Reagan The US builds up its military. It can afford it. Russia tries to build up its military too. It CAN NOT afford it.

Mikhail Gobachev Soviet Premier 1985-1991 Perestroika : means “restructuring” or “New ideas” Glasnost: “Openness” Freedom of the press and Freedom of speech etc

Rule of Thumb #1 The people of the Soviet Union are in poverty. Because of Glasnost they now have a better idea of what life in the West is like. They realize how unequal their situations are Poverty and Inequality will always lead to…

The people of the Soviet Union are in poverty.

Because of Glasnost they now have a better idea of what life in the West is like.

They realize how unequal their situations are

Poverty and Inequality will always lead to…

The Dam Breaks Countries in Eastern Europe stop listening to the Soviet Union “ We will not be puppets any longer!” 1989 East Germany opens its borders with West Germany East Berlin opens the gates into West Berlin The Berlin Wall is now meaningless

Countries in Eastern Europe stop listening to the Soviet Union

“ We will not be puppets any longer!”

1989 East Germany opens its borders with West Germany

East Berlin opens the gates into West Berlin

The Berlin Wall is now meaningless

The End of the Soviet Union Some didn’t like his changes and tried to overthrow him in a Coup d’etat. People rally in the streets to stop the Coup leaders Boris Yeltsin, leader of the Russian Republic steps forward and calls for the end of the coup. Democracy and People Power is taking hold in the USSR The coup failed, and would eventually cause The Soviet Union to fall Yeltsin

Some didn’t like his changes and tried to overthrow him in a Coup d’etat.

People rally in the streets to stop the Coup leaders

Boris Yeltsin, leader of the Russian Republic steps forward and calls for the end of the coup.

Democracy and People Power is taking hold in the USSR

The coup failed, and would eventually cause The Soviet Union to fall

December 1991 – The Soviet Union ends

Group Assignment Get into groups of your own choice 4 people Create a timeline for the Cold War using people, events, locations etc for the decade I assign to you

Get into groups of your own choice

4 people

Create a timeline for the Cold War using people, events, locations etc for the decade I assign to you