Chapter 14 Section 3. The Protestant Reformation

During the Renaissance popes became patrons of the arts, financed by the sales of indulgences The Protestant Reformation Santa Croce (Holy Cross), Florence

Abuses of the Church Popes fought wars for power and land Lived rich lifestyles like kings instead of God's representatives Increased fees for religious services like marriage and baptism

Popes fought wars for power and land

Lived rich lifestyles like kings instead of God's representatives

Increased fees for religious services like marriage and baptism

In 1517, Martin Luther triggered a revolt when he became disillusioned with the corruption in the church The Protestant Reformation

Luther’s Protest German Priest Johann Tetzel sold indulgences to anyone who contributed money to build the new St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome Indulgences would assure you entrance into heaven Also allowed your dead relatives into heaven

German Priest Johann Tetzel sold indulgences to anyone who contributed money to build the new St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome

Indulgences would assure you entrance into heaven

Also allowed your dead relatives into heaven

Luther drew up a list of 95 theses against indulgences and posted them on the door of the Wittenberg church The Protestant Reformation October 31, 1517 stands as the day that Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the castle church in Wittenberg

95 Theses Getting to Heaven is based on Faith – not money The bible was the only source of religious truth – not the Pope Get rid of Pope Priests did not have special powers Anyone can talk to God Translated the bible from Latin to German Banned indulgences Permitted clergy to marry

Getting to Heaven is based on Faith – not money

The bible was the only source of religious truth – not the Pope

Get rid of Pope

Priests did not have special powers

Anyone can talk to God

Translated the bible from Latin to German

Banned indulgences

Permitted clergy to marry

Martin Luther versus the Church 95 Theses were printed and distributed across Europe Gutenberg's printing press helped spread the word. Also printed Bibles in German Luther excommunicated Lutheranism spreads in Northern Germany and Scandanavia

95 Theses were printed and distributed across Europe

Gutenberg's printing press helped spread the word.

Also printed Bibles in German

Luther excommunicated

Lutheranism spreads in Northern Germany and Scandanavia

Peace of Augsburg allowed German princes to chose which religion they would follow The Protestant Reformation

Another important figure in the Reformation was John Calvin The Protestant Reformation Not This Calvin

John Calvin Salvation through faith Predestination Bible as the source of religious truth Was the same as Luther Calvinism becomes big in Switzerland, parts of France, Netherlands and Scotland

Salvation through faith

Predestination

Bible as the source of religious truth

Was the same as Luther

Calvinism becomes big in Switzerland, parts of France, Netherlands and Scotland

Predestination The idea that God had long ago determined who would gain salvation How you live is a reflection of whether you have been chosen.

The idea that God had long ago determined who would gain salvation

How you live is a reflection of whether you have been chosen.

In France, Calvinists are called Huguenots Huguenots and Catholics fight The Protestant Reformation Expulsion of the Huguenots from Toulouse We will see - those pesky Calvinists end up causing trouble wherever they are.

Calvinism spreads to Scotland and then England English / Scottish Calvinists are called “Puritans” The Protestant Reformation Some later flee England on a ship called the Mayflower Perhaps you heard of it?

The Trouble in England England's Struggles of Catholics vs Protestants will have HUGE consequences Why? Lets take a look.

England's Struggles of Catholics vs Protestants will have HUGE consequences

Why? Lets take a look.

The English Reformation Henry VIII stood against the Protestant revolt and was proclaimed the “Defender of the Faith” by the pope Henry wanted a boy to ensure a male heir would succeed him when he died, becoming king of England

Henry VIII stood against the Protestant revolt and was proclaimed the “Defender of the Faith” by the pope

Henry wanted a boy to ensure a male heir would succeed him when he died, becoming king of England

Seeking Annulment His marriage to Catherine only produced a daughter, Mary He asked the pope for an annulment but couldn’t get one 1534 – Act of Supremacy passed by Parliament made Henry the head of the Church of England - Anglicanism Henry appointed an archbishop that would let him get an annulment

His marriage to Catherine only produced a daughter, Mary

He asked the pope for an annulment but couldn’t get one

1534 – Act of Supremacy passed by Parliament made Henry the head of the Church of England - Anglicanism

Henry appointed an archbishop that would let him get an annulment

Its a Boy His second wife gave him another daughter, Elizabeth After 4 more marriages he had a son, Edward

His second wife gave him another daughter, Elizabeth

After 4 more marriages he had a son, Edward

The Many Wives of Henry VIII Catherine of Aragon – Divorced Anne Boyeln –Beheaded Jane Seymour – Died Anne of Cleves – Divorced Kathryn Howard – Beheaded Katherine Parr - Survived

Catherine of Aragon – Divorced

Anne Boyeln –Beheaded

Jane Seymour – Died

Anne of Cleves – Divorced

Kathryn Howard – Beheaded

Katherine Parr - Survived

The Church of England Henry died, Edward came to the throne but died in his teens His sister, “Bloody” Mary, tried to change the country back to Catholicism, killing many Protestants at the stake

Henry died, Edward came to the throne but died in his teens

His sister, “Bloody” Mary, tried to change the country back to Catholicism, killing many Protestants at the stake

Elizabeth I Was locked up in the tower of London Also known as the “Virgin Queen” The state of Virginia was named after her

Was locked up in the tower of London

Also known as the “Virgin Queen”

The state of Virginia was named after her

A Policy of Religious Compromise Elizabeth became queen after her sister, Mary died She created reforms that could be accepted by both Protestants and Catholics – attacked those who opposed her English replaced Latin as the language of prayer in England

Elizabeth became queen after her sister, Mary died

She created reforms that could be accepted by both Protestants and Catholics – attacked those who opposed her

English replaced Latin as the language of prayer in England

The Inquisition Used secret testimony, torture and execution to end heresy Created an Index of Forbidden Books – list of books that shouldn’t be read, like books by Luther and Calvin

Used secret testimony, torture and execution to end heresy

Created an Index of Forbidden Books – list of books that shouldn’t be read, like books by Luther and Calvin

Widespread Persecution Witch Hunts Centers of religious conflict saw the persecution of people accused of heresy and witchcraft Typically beggars, widows, midwives and herbalists

Witch Hunts

Centers of religious conflict saw the persecution of people accused of heresy and witchcraft

Typically beggars, widows, midwives and herbalists

The Catholic Reformation – a revival of the Church’s authority Council of Trent Rejected a number of Protestant Ideas Established that salvation comes from faith and good work The bible was not the only source of religious truth Priests were still needed Made Some Reforms in the Church Started stiff penalties for corruption of the clergy Got rid of sale of indulgences Established the Jesuit order under Ignatius Loyola Missionaries and schools

Council of Trent

Rejected a number of Protestant Ideas

Established that salvation comes from faith and good work

The bible was not the only source of religious truth

Priests were still needed

Made Some Reforms in the Church

Started stiff penalties for corruption of the clergy

Got rid of sale of indulgences

Established the Jesuit order under Ignatius Loyola

Missionaries and schools