gcBiomass (English)

MORGAN AQUA, S.L.Paseo de la Castellana, 115. 7ª28046 Madrid. SPAINCIF: B85476091 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIESwww.morganaqua.com BIOMASS AND SUSTAINABLE RAW MATERIALS

gcBIOMASSGREENHOUSE CROP BIOMASSTHE SUSTAINANABLE AND FULL ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK In Southeastern Spain, Morgan AQUA manage from 1,086,261 t year -1 (fresh weight) up to 2,5 million t year of greenhouse crops Wastes (Cucurbita pepo L., Cucumis sativus L., Solanum melongena L., Solanum lycopersicum L., Phaseoulus vulgarisL., Capsicum annuum L., Citrillus vulgaris Schrad. and Cucumis melo L.). This document is shown gcBIOMASS (Vegetable Greenhouse Waste) characterization. Reader must consider figures are the minimum gcBIOMASS managed by Morgan AQUA.Morgan AQUA is the only company that has developed a proprietary technology to fit out thegreenhouse crop wastes into an homogeneous biomass, able to be provided on large scale basis tothe big biomass consumers. Economic viability of the greenhouse crop wastes like Biomass is possible thanks to the Morgan AQUA’s environmental technologies know-how; NO other company was capable to perform it. Korean, French, Spanish, German and some other environmental expertise tech developers were trying to find out a right model for this biomass on the last 30 years with no results.All the analyses in this work involve the use of worldwide recognized standards and methods andall variables were performed in quintuplicate for each species (more than the required by thestandards). The total potential energy for the gcBIOMASS, was determined by direct analysis usingInternational Standards.Readers must take into account that the provided figures are MINIMUM results obtained, it meansthat could be bigger/better at any case.gcBIOMASS has not the higher values of HHV, but is a continued and safe source of biomassfeedstock; stocks and provision are fully granted month by month, year by year. MORGAN AQUA, S.L. Paseo de la Castellana, 115. 7ª 28046 Madrid. SPAIN CIF: B85476091 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES www.morganaqua.com BIOMASS AND SUSTAINABLE RAW MATERIALS

CROP RESIDUE AVERAGE VALUES OF PROXIMATE AND ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS, AND HIGHER HEATING VALUE (HHV) HHV CHLORIDE SULPHUR ASH HUMIDITY (HIGHER HEATING VALUE) (Cl) (S) CONTENT KWh/Kg kcal/Kg Percentage (%DRY WEIGHT ) gcBIOMASS 4,7 4.073 0,007 0,001% 3,20 <8 CEREAL A 4,2 3.614 0,04 --- 2 --- CEREAL B 4,8 4.130 0,17 --- 3 --- WOODCHIPS PELLETS 4,0 3.442 0,15/0,45 --- 0,2/0,5 20% STRAW PELLETS 3,6/4,0 3.097/3.441 0,003 --- --- --- ASH METAL, CHLORIDE AND SULPHUR SPECIES (mg/kg) ASH % (DRY Al Ca Cu Fe K Mg Mn Mo Na P S Cl WEIGHT)CURCUBITA PEPO L. (courgette) 3,42 0,23 10,5 0,31 0,02 53 13 0,17 0,003 5 8 4,7 31,4CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.(pepper) 3,50 0,18 11,4 0,36 0,03 62 15 0,20 0,003 6 10 5,6 37,0SOLANUM MELONGENA L. (aubergine) 2,65 0,28 30,4 0,95 0,08 163 39 0,52 0,009 14 26 14,6 96,8SOLANUM LYCOPERSYCUM L. (tomato) 3,04 0,26 20,7 0,63 0,05 108 26 0,35 0,006 41 17 9,7 64,0PHASEOULUS VULGARIS L. (bean) 2,88 0,18 11,7 0,32 0,03 55 13 0,18 0,003 5 9 5,0 32,9CAPSICUM ANNUM L. (pepper) 3,56 0,15 31,4 0,96 0,08 165 40 0,53 0,009 13 26 14,8 98,2CITRILLUS VULGARIS SCHARAD (water 3,08 0,24 22,1 0,65 0,05 111 27 0,36 0,006 9 18 10,0 66,2melon)CUCUMIS MELO L. (melon) 3,21 0,21 31,6 0,88 0,07 151 37 0,48 0,008 37 24 13,6 89,9BALANCED AVERAGE 3,20 0,22 23 0,7 0,1 116 28 0,37 0,01 26 18 10,4 68,8 HIGHER HEATING VALUE (HHV) BEFORE MAQ TREATMENT AFTER MAQ TREATMENT KWh/Kg kcal/Kg KWh/Kg Kcal/Kg CURCUBITA PEPO L. (courgette) 3,57 3.069,65 4,14 3.559,76 CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.(pepper) 3,50 3.009,46 4,05 3.482,37 SOLANUM MELONGENA L. (aubergine) 4,59 3.946,69 5,46 4.694,75 SOLANUM LYCOPERSYCUM L. (tomato) 4,12 3.542,56 4,85 4.170,25 PHASEOULUS VULGARIS L. (bean) 4,73 4.067,07 5,74 4.935,51 CAPSICUM ANNUM L..(pepper) 4,24 3.645,74 5,01 4.307,82 CITRILLUS VULGARIS SCHARAD (water melon) 3,96 3.404,99 4,64 3.989,68 CUCUMIS MELO L. (melon) 3,75 3.224,42 4,37 3.757,52 BALANCED AVERAGE 4,70 4.073,01 MORGAN AQUA, S.L. Paseo de la Castellana, 115. 7ª 28046 Madrid. SPAIN CIF: B85476091 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES www.morganaqua.com BIOMASS AND SUSTAINABLE RAW MATERIALS

MINIMUM CROP RESIDUE BIOMASS PRODUCED MINIMUM AVAILABLE MINIMUM AVAILABLE PLANT AREA STUDIED SPECIES BIOMASS BIOMASS REMAINS OCCUPIED (TONES YEAR) (TONES YEAR) (T Ha. Year) (ha) FRESH WEIGHT DRY WEIGHTCURCUBITA PEPO L. (courgette) 20 4.492 89.840 17.968CUCUMIS SATIVUS L. (pepper) 24 4.551 109,224 21.844,8SOLANUM MELONGENA L.(aubergine) 27 1.622 43.794 8.758,8SOLANUM LYCOPERSYCUM L.(tomato) 49 10.250 502.250 100.450PHASEOULUS VULGARIS L. (bean) 23 1.259 28.957 5.791,4CAPSICUM ANNUM L. (pepper) 28 7.057 197.596 39.519,2CITRILLUS VULGARIS SCHARAD(water melon) 24 4.775 114.600 22.920CUCUMIS MELO L. (melon) 33 4,981 164,373 32.874,6 TOTAL 228 38.987* 1.086.261 250.126,8* Total area occupied that could be managed up to 46.900 ha BIOMASS ANALYSIS METHODS PROPERTY ANALYTICAL METHOD PROXIMATE ANALISYSMOISTURE CONTENT UNE-CEN/TS 14780:2008 EX; UNE-CEN/TS 14774-1:2007 EXASH UNE-CEN/TS 14775:2007 EX ELEMENTAL ANALISYSSULPHUR (S) ASTM D4239-08CHLORINE (Cl) ASTM E776-87HIGHER HEATING VALUE (via direct analysis). UNE 164001:2005 EXASH ELEMENTAL METALS UNE-CEN/TS 14775 EXASH FUSIBILITY ASTM D1857-04 (Oxidising Atmosphere) ASH FUSIBILITY OF THE STUDIED SPECIES SPECIES SPECIES FUSIBILITY IT (◦C) ST (◦C) HT (◦C) FT (◦C) Cucurbita pepo L. 1.546,00 1.553,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 Cucumis sativus L. 993,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 Solanum melongena L. 1.650,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 Solanum lycopersicum L. 994,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 Phaseoulus vulgaris L. 1.353,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 Capsicum annuum L. 993,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 1.650,00 Citrillus vulgaris Schrad. NO DATA NO DATA NO DATA NO DATA Cucumis melo L. NO DATA NO DATA NO DATA NO DATA IT: deformation temperature; ST: softening temperature; HT: hemisphere temperature; FT: fluidity temperature. MORGAN AQUA, S.L. Paseo de la Castellana, 115. 7ª 28046 Madrid. SPAIN CIF: B85476091 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES www.morganaqua.com BIOMASS AND SUSTAINABLE RAW MATERIALS

POTENTIAL ENERGY OF THE STUDIED GREENHOUSE WASTES BEFORE MAQ TREATMENT HHV Biomass kWhkg−1 kWh (kJ kg−1 kcal kg-1 kJ year−1 kcal year-1 (t year−1) dry weight year−1 dry weight) dry weight Cucurbita pepo L. 17.968,0 12.849,37 3,57 3.071,07 230.877.480 64.133 55.181,04 - Calabacín- Cucumis sativus L. 21.844,8 12.595,82 3,50 3.010,47 275.153.169 76.431 65.763,18 - Pepino - Solanum melongena L. 8.758,8 16.529,71 4,59 3.950,70 144.780.424 40.217 34.603,35 - Berenjena - Solanum lycopersicum 100.450,0 14.826,78 4,12 3.543,69 1.489.350.051 413.708 355.963,20 L.- Tomate - Phaseoulus vulgaris L. 5.791,4 17.014,23 4,73 4.066,50 98.536.212 27.371 23.550,72 - Judías - Capsicum annuum L. 39.519,2 15.264,44 4,24 3.648,29 603.238.457 167.566 144.177,45 - Pimiento- Citrillus vulgaris 22.920,0 14.258,58 3,96 3.407,88 326.806.654 90.780 78.108,66 Schrad.- Sandía - Cucumis melo L. 32.874,6 13.501,26 3,75 3.226,88 443.848.522 123.291 106.082,34 - Melón - TOTAL 250.126,8 3.612.590.968 1.003.497 863.429.241 HHV: higher heating value. AFTER MAQ TREATMENT HHV Biomass kWhkg−1 kcal kg-1 (kJ kg−1 kJ year−1 kWh year−1 kcal year-1 (t year−1) dry weight dry weight dry weight)CURCUBITA PEPO L.(courgette) 17.968,0 14.904,00 4,14 3.559,76 267.795.072 74.388 63.961.768CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.(pepper) 21.844,8 14.580,00 4,05 3.482,37 318.497.184 88.471 76.071.676SOLANUM MELONGENA L.(aubergine) 8.758,8 19.656,00 5,46 4.694,75 172.162.973 47.823 41.120.376SOLANUM LYCOPERSYCUML. (tomato) 100.450,0 17.460,00 4,85 4.170,25 1.753.857.000 487.183 418.901.613PHASEOULUS VULGARIS L.(bean) 5.791,4 20.664,00 5,74 4.935,51 119.673.490 33.243 28.583.513CAPSICUM ANNUM L.(pepper) 39.519,2 18.036,00 5,01 4.307,82 712.768.291 197.991 170.241.600CITRILLUS VULGARISSCHARAD (water melon) 22.920,0 16.704,00 4,64 3.989,68 382.855.680 106.349 91.443.466CUCUMIS MELO L.(melon) 32.874,6 15.732,00 4,37 4.073,01 517.183.207 143.662 133.898.575TOTAL 4.244.792.897 1.179.109 1.024.222.586 MORGAN AQUA, S.L. Paseo de la Castellana, 115. 7ª 28046 Madrid. SPAIN CIF: B85476091 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES www.morganaqua.com BIOMASS AND SUSTAINABLE RAW MATERIALS

VGW MANAGED BY MORGAN AQUA - PRODUCTION ANNUAL CALENDAR FRESH WEIGHT DRY WEIGHT MONTH VGW (%) VGW (m3) VGW (ton) VGW (ton) January 19,2 654.190,66 208.562,11 48.024,35 February 10,5 460.616,21 114.057,41 26.263,31 March 5 221.682,73 54.313,05 12.506,34 April 6,4 282.496,89 69.520,70 16.008,12 May 23,6 1.029.793,97 256.357,60 59.029,92 June 18,6 812.546,77 202.044,55 46.523,58 July 9,3 408.481,28 101.022,27 23.261,79 August 0,9 49.640,12 9.776,35 2.251,14 September 0,4 26.333,74 4.345,04 1.000,51 October 1,2 59.083,05 13.035,13 3.001,52 November 1,7 83.215,38 18.466,44 4.252,16 December 3,2 143.110,89 34.760,35 8.004,06 TOTAL 100 4.231.191,69 1.086.261,00 250.126,80 VGW: Vegetable Greenhouse Wastes 250.126,80 Ton of gcBIOMASS produced yearlyMORGAN AQUA, S.L.Paseo de la Castellana, 115. 7ª28046 Madrid. SPAINCIF: B85476091 ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIESwww.morganaqua.com BIOMASS AND SUSTAINABLE RAW MATERIALS

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gcBiomass (English)

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