Open Access For Subject Specialist Librarians

Information Wants to be Free: An Introduction to Open Access Selector Forum June 9, 2008

Outline
Defining Open Access
A brief history of the Open Access movement
Recent Open Access news
Open Access and Libraries

Defining Open Access

Budapest/Berlin/Bethesda Definition
Free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be attributed properly.

Wikipedia Definition
Free, immediate, permanent, full-text, online access, for any user, to digital scientific and scholarly material, primarily research articles published in peer-reviewed journals.
OA means that any user, anywhere, who has access to the Internet, may link, read, download, store, print, use, and data-mine the digital content of that article.

Two main issues
Who can access and read the work?
Who can use the work, and in what ways?
Nobody disputes that the first question is addressed by Open Access. The second question is still up for debate.

Two (and a half) Roads to OA
Publish in Open Access journals
Deposit in institutional and subject repositories (author self-archiving)
2.5) Publish in hybrid journals that charge an additional fee to make articles OA.

Color-coded roads
Gold OA : The publisher makes the material available free online, either as a result of an author fee or because the entire journal is OA.
Green OA : The author deposits the article in an institutional or subject-based online archive.

Defining versions
Pre-print vs. post-print
Final peer-reviewed manuscript vs. final publisher version

The Open Access Movement A brief history

Why Open Access?
Convergence of two major factors
The internet made it cheap and easy to share scholarly articles
The prices of journals were skyrocketing, and as a result very few people had access to most scholarly work

Early history of the OA movement
Late 1980’s: The first online OA journals appeared
1991: arXiv, the first subject based online archive, was launched
1994: Highwire Press is launched at Stanford
1997: PubMed launched
1998: SPARC (Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition) launched by ARL

More recent history of the OA movement
2000: BioMed Central, a for-profit OA publisher of science journals, is founded
2002: Open Society Institute launched the Budapest Open Access Initiative
2007: Congress passes NIH Public Access mandate
2008: Harvard faculty pass OA mandate

Related Movements
Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS)
Open Data
Open Educational Resources (open.michigan)
Creative Commons

Common arguments against Open Access
It will destroy the peer review/credentialing process (it won’t)
There is no quality assurance (there is)
It undermines copyright law (it doesn’t)
Reduces perceived value of society memberships (it might)
It will put scholarly publishers out of business and destroy the traditional publishing model (well, it might actually, but not in a bad way).

Publisher reaction to OA mandates
Last year, the Association of American Publishers (AAP) launched the Partnership for Research Integrity in Science and Medicine (PRISM) to fight OA mandates.

Recent Open Access News

Big headlines
NIH Public Access Policy
Harvard Arts and Sciences faculty mandate
Harvard Law School mandate
Open Humanities Press launched

NIH Policy: Background
Congress requested an NIH OA mandate in 2004; The NIH enacted a voluntary policy in 2005.
Last year, U.S. House and Senate passed a bill that included mandatory OA deposit for NIH funded research, and Bush signed it into law.
The NIH held multiple comment periods inviting input from the public about implementation of the new law. The policy remains controversial.

The NIH Public Access Policy
The Director of the National Institutes of Health shall require that all investigators funded by the NIH submit or have submitted for them to the National Library of Medicine's PubMed Central an electronic version of their final, peer-reviewed manuscripts upon acceptance for publication, to be made publicly available no later than 12 months after the official date of publication: Provided, That the NIH shall implement the public access policy in a manner consistent with copyright law.

Complying with the mandate
Many publishers are handling deposit
Some societies offer free deposit for members
The Library offers simple deposit using Deep Blue

Open Access and Libraries

Experiments with funding models
Author pays
Grant and foundation funding
Institutional memberships
Advertising supported
Society-supported through conferences and individual membership dues
Library supported

What is UM doing about OA?
Collection dollars
Publishing services
Repository service
Education and advocacy
Adoption of the Michigan clauses

The Michigan Clauses
The author may re-use the work for…
Teaching
Future research and publication
Deposit in OA repositories
Posting on personal website
Institutional needs
To comply with external requirements

What can subject specialists do?
Talk to your faculty about publishing
Be aware of OA journals in your subject area
Find out about publisher policies in your field
Encourage faculty to be aware of their rights and cautious about giving them away

How can faculty support OA?
There’s more than just publishing in OA journals
Review for open access journals
Edit open access journals
Encourage societies to consider open access
Talk to colleagues about open access
Deposit in Deep Blue and subject repositories.

How to keep track of developments in OA
Read a few key blogs
Keep an eye on established OA publishers
Follow the professional society in your field; some of them are contemplating a switch to OA for their publications
Directory of Open Access Journals, SHERPA/RoMEO

Open Access For Subject Specialist Librarians

by Molly.ak on Jun 09, 2008

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Open Access For Subject Specialist Librarians — Presentation Transcript