What is the Role of Cloud Computing,
Web 2.0, and Web 3.0 Semantic Technologies
in an Era of Connected Governance?
Mills Davis, Project10X
February 17, 2009
Semantic Exchange | Semantic Community
Workshop and Web Conference
Fairfax, VA

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | Introduction
2
Brand Niemann Mills Davis
niemann.brand@epa.gov mdavis@project10x.com
1-202-667-6400
Brand Niemann is a senior enterprise architect at the Mills Davis is founder and managing director of
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in Washington, Project10X, a research consultancy that specializes in
DC, where he works on Web 2.0/3.0 and co-leads next internet semantic technologies, applications,
with Mills Davis, Semantic Communities dot Net, that infrastructure, markets, business models, strategy,
provides Web 2.0 and 3.0 infrastructure and support and advanced solution development. Mills is active in
to a number of communities of practice and hosts a both government and industry-wide technology
series of workshops / webinars introducing Web 2.0 initiatives that are advancing cloud computing, Web
and Web 3.0 semantic technologies to government in 2.0 and Web 3.0 semantic technologies.
the context of specific problems.
Mills directs the Semantic Wave research program,
and the Semantic Exchange industry education
initiative. He co-leads, with Brand Niemann (EPA), the
Semantic Communities initiative that works with
communities of interest and communities of practice in
both public and private sectors to implement
community-based collaborative solutions for research,
resource networking, policy making, information
sharing, knowledge management, multi-channel
communication, and connected governance.

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | Introduction 3
Semantic Exchange | Semantic Communities
Network for educating, training, collaborating, and pilot testing
all things semantic, cloud computing, and Web 2.0/3.0.
• SX-Media — We blog about next generation • SX-Events — We produce briefings, workshops,
internet, cloud computing, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0 conferences, and webcasts on new directions in
semantic technologies, news and information of e-governance, technology, and high value
interest, and issues that weʼre tracking. We applications. We present solution case studies
contribute articles and features to Semantic and demos that highlight business value.
Report, Read-Write-Web, and several industry
• SX-Training — We present in-depth tutorials and
blogs and publications.
hands-on training to build skills with tools,
• SX-Collaboration — Semanticexchange.com is methods, and applications of cloud computing,
a community read/write website that features web 2.0, and web 3.0 semantic technologies,
industry news, research, information, and featuring demos and case studies lead by
opinion, and provides links to product and industry experts.
service information, demonstrations, and jump-
• SX-Lab — We deliver high-impact jump-start and
start kits. Semanticommunity.net is an open
pilot programs providing access to best-of-breed
collaboration environment where we host and
technologies and expertise to envision, develop,
support public and private sector communities of
pilot test, and prove the value of web 2.0 and
interest and communities of practice, and help
web 3.0 solutions.
conduct collaborative pilot projects.

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | Introduction 4
Who are the Semantic Exchange partners?
Technology & service providers delivering solutions for
transparent, cost-effective, connected governance.
Source: Project10x, 2008

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | Introduction 5
Semantic Exchange | Semantic Communities
Helping public and private sector organizations learn, demonstrate,
and pilot test innovative solutions for connected governance.
Resources & Expertise Programs Helping
Professional services, architecture,
Communication Government
ontology, applications, integration CONNECTED
GOVERNANCE
Tools, development platforms
Collaboration Communities
Web 2, Web 3, Cloud infrastructure,
platforms, software, etc. as a service
Research, discovery, search, query, Education Enterprises
natural language, machine learning
Social networking, interest tracking,
Training Citizens
Content authoring, tagging, linking,
annotation, visualization, mashups
Pilot Testing
Collaboration, wikis, community
platforms
Ontology-driven applications
Social media, communication,
publishing, recommendation
Intelligent user interface

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | Introduction 6
Semantic Exchange | Semantic Communities
Helping public and private sector organizations learn, demonstrate,
and pilot test innovative solutions for connected governance.
Implementing New Models, Practices and Solutions for Connected Governance Education Training Pilot Testing
1. New models for connection, engagement, and resourcing.
2. New models for collaboration, innovation and problem solving
3. New models and ecosystems for communication, interaction, and service delivery.
4. New models for policy making, governance, transparency, and management
Information and Communication Technologies for Connected Governance
1. Cloud computing -- scalable, secure, & economical “everything as a service:”
infrastructure, platform, software, etc.
2. Web 2.0 -- internet applications, services, and platforms for social computing,
collaboration, communication, and service delivery.
3. Web 3.0 -- Front-end semantic technologies for search, data collaboration,
ontology-driven apps, smart communication, and better user experience. Back-end
semantic technologies integration and interoperability of infrastructure, information,
processes, services, and decision-making.
4. Methodologies, tools and building blocks for developing and testing next generation
connected governance solutions.

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | Introduction 7
Topics
• New concepts and practices for connected governance
• Role of Information and communication technologies in the
era of connected governance
• Near-term steps towards connected governance that every
agency can take
• Panel introductions

Viewpoint
New Concepts and Practices for Connected Governance
• What is digital age democracy?
• What is next generation government?
• Whatʼs different about connected governance?
- New models of connection, engagement, and resourcing
- New models for collaboration, innovation, and problem solving
- New models and ecosystems for communication and
service delivery
- New models for policy making, governance, and transparency
- New models for computing, information sharing, and knowledge
management

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | New Concepts and Practices for Connectred Governance 9
What is digital age democracy?
A new era of connected governance.
Source: Don Tapscott

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | New Concepts and Practices for Connectred Governance 10
What is next generation government?
Transparency, engagement, collaboration, & communication.
Source: Don Tappscott
Source: Don Tappscott Source: Don Tappscott

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | New Concepts and Practices for Connectred Governance 11
What style of government for Obama?
Connect and empower all Americans through technology and innovation.
• Make government data available online in universally • Restore the basic principle that government decisions
accessible formats to allow citizens to make use of that should be based on the best-available, scientifically-valid
data to comment, derive value, and take action in their evidence and not on the ideological predispositions of
own communities. For example, help citizens learn about agency officials.
pollution in their communities, provide information about
• Lift the veil from secret deals in Washington with a web
local conditions back to government and empower people
site, a search engine, and other web tools that enable
to protect themselves.
citizens easily to track online federal grants, contracts,
• Establish pilot programs to open up government decision- earmarks, and lobbyist contacts with government officials.
making and involve the public in the work of agencies, not
• Give the American public an opportunity to review and
simply by soliciting opinions, but by tapping into the vast
comment on the White House website for five days before
and distributed expertise of the American citizenry to help
signing any non-emergency legislation.
government make more informed decisions.
• Bring democracy and policy deliberations directly to the
• Require appointees who lead Executive Branch people by requiring Cabinet officials to have periodic
departments and rulemaking agencies to conduct the
national online town hall meetings to answer questions
significant business of the agency in public, so that any
and discuss issues before their agencies.
citizen can watch a live feed on the Internet as the
• Employ technologies, including blogs, wikis and social
agencies debate and deliberate the issues that affect
networking tools, to modernize internal, cross-agency,
American society. Ensure these proceedings are archived
and public communication and information sharing to
for all Americans to review, discuss and respond. Require
appointees to employ all the technological tools available improve government decision-making.
to allow citizens not just to observe, but also to participate
and be heard in these meetings.
Source: Barack Obama: Connecting and Empowering all Americans through Technology and Innovation, November, 2007

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | New Concepts and Practices for Connectred Governance 12
Whatʼs different about connected governance?
New models and ecosystems for engagement, interaction,
decision-making, and service delivery.
Policy-Making,
4
Governance,
Transparency &
Management
1 2 3
Connection, Collaboration, Communication,
Engagement & Innovation & Interaction &
Resourcing Problem-Solving Service Delivery
5
Next Internet,
Web 2.0/3.0 Semantic Web
& Cloud Computing

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | New Concepts and Practices for Connectred Governance 13
1. New models for connection, engagement, and
resourcing.

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | New Concepts and Practices for Connectred Governance 14
2. New models for collaboration, innovation and
problem solving

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | New Concepts and Practices for Connectred Governance 15
3. New models and ecosystems for communication,
interaction, and service delivery.

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | New Concepts and Practices for Connectred Governance 16
4. New models for policy making, governance,
transparency, and management

Viewpoint
Role of Information and Communication Technologies
in the Era of Connected Governance
• What are ICT technologies for connected governance?
• What is the evolution of the internet to 2020?
• What are characteristics of the next internet?
• What is the role of new ICT technologies in connected governance?
- Cloud computing
- Web 2.0
- Web 3.0 & semantic web

18
From E-Gov to Connected Governance | Role of ICT in the Era of Connected Governance
What are ICT technologies for connected governance?
Cloud computing, Web 2.0, Web 3.0 semantic technologies,
and the next internet.
ICT Technologies for Connected Governance
Historically, when social communication media grow
in capability, pace, scope, or scale, then people use
these media, communication techniques and tools
to construct more complex social arrangements and
practices that increase human capacity to cooperate
at larger and larger scales.
IFTF–Technologies of Cooperation

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | Role of ICT in the Era of Connected Governance 19
What is the evolution of the internet to 2020?
A tidal wave of four internet growth stages.
The chart to the right depicts four stages of internet
growth.
Web 1.0, was about connecting information and getting
on the net.
Web 2.0 is about connecting people — putting the “I” in
user interface, and the “we” into webs of social
participation.
Web 3.0 is starting now. It’s about representing meanings,
connecting knowledge, and putting these to work in ways
that make our experience of internet more relevant, useful,
and enjoyable.
Web 4.0 will come later. It is about connecting
intelligences in a ubiquitous web where both people and
things reason and communicate together.
Over the next decade, semantic technologies will spawn
multi-billion dollar technology markets that will drive trillion
dollar global economic expansions to transform industries
as well as our experience of the internet.

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | Role of ICT in the Era of Connected Governance 20
What are characteristics of the next internet?
Internet of services, things, and 3D interactivity.
Virtualized infrastructure & everything as a service.

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | Role of ICT in the Era of Connected Governance 21
What is cloud computing?
Scalable, on-demand, click-and-run, pay-by-the-drink
resources and services provisioned over the internet.

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | Role of ICT in the Era of Connected Governance 22
What is Web 2.0?
A web of participation.
Web 2.0 is the the second stage the web. It is the social
web that connects people. It is a web of participation. User
consumes & creates. Sites are interactive, for example:
blogs–keep a web-diary; Wikipedia — free encyclopedia,
anyone edits; Del.icio.us — social bookmarking; mySpace,
openBC – cultivate social relations; Flickr — share photos;
and YouTube–broadcast yourself.
According to Tim OʼReilly, several principles distinguish
web 2.0, for example:
(1) the web as platform
(2) harnessing collective intelligence
(3) data is the next Intel inside
(4) end of the software release cycle
(5) lightweight programming models
(6) software above the level of a single device, and
(7) rich user experiences.
In addition Web 2.0 approaches embrace: remixing data
and services; relation-orientation; the long tail; and bi-
directional interaction. Web 2.0 social computing has both
consumer and enterprise impacts.
Source: EbOY

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | Role of ICT in the Era of Connected Governance 23
What are representative elements of Web 2.0?
User experience, rich media, social computing, and collaboration.
User Experience Rich Media

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | Role of ICT in the Era of Connected Governance 24
What key ideas motivate web 2.0 services?
Web-as-platform. Provide a sandbox. Data and users are king.

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | Role of ICT in the Era of Connected Governance 25
What is Web 3.0?
A web of meanings and connected knowledge.
Web 3.0 is the third stage of internet evolution that is
starting now. It is a web of meanings. It connects
knowledge. It represents meanings and knowledge about
things so both computers and people can work with them. It
adds new levels of intelligence to the user interface, social
collaboration, applications, and the infrastructure of the
web.
Web 3.0 is not about re-inventing the internet; itʼs about
making the internet more useful, and our experience of it
better. Web 3.0 makes the internet more connected, open,
and intelligent. Users are served by systems that present
personalized information, are context-aware, can link and
share information in relevant ways, connect with relevant
people, better organize the digital life, combine and
integrate processes, arrange dates and tasks, give
meaningful answers instead of data in bulk.
Semantic technologies tap new value by modeling
knowledge, adding intelligence, and enabling learning.
Web 3.0 gives us architectures of learning and knowing over and above
architectures of social participation and “perpetual beta” that emerged
during web 2.0. Web 3.0 systems will gain new knowledge and get better
with use and with scale of adoption.
Source: Mills Davis, Project10X

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | Role of ICT in the Era of Connected Governance 26
What are semantic technologies?
Semantic technologies are tools and methods that represent
knowledge separately from documents, data, and program code.
• All programming methods represent knowledge some way in order to
compute using it.
• Knowledge structures that represent meanings, associations, theories,
and know-how about the uses of things are called ontologies.
• Fixed ontologies are relatively static, as in a general ledger. Dynamic
ontologies have changing requirements, e.g.,: connecting and
understanding an evolving web of structured data, documents, and web
pages; composing mobile web services; or discovering and reasoning
about relationships between events being reported on the worldwide web.
• Both Web 2.0 and Web 3.0 technologies can process fixed ontologies
describing resources, services, information, and computing infrastructure.
The technology mix that is right depends on application characteristics.
• Web 3.0 semantic technologies are required when solutions involve
knowledge structures that are changing and dynamic.

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | Role of ICT in the Era of Connected Governance 27
What is next generation semantic search?
Recovery, discovery, intelligence, question answering, & smart behaviors.

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | Role of ICT in the Era of Connected Governance 28

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | Role of ICT in the Era of Connected Governance 29
What is next generation collaboration?
Combining wikis, semantic content tools, semantic search,
ontology-driven applications, and intelligent user interfaces.
Future
MediaWiki Semantic SMW+
Semantic
MediaWiki Semantic
Wikis
MediaWiki+
Natural language
Wikipedia Dbpedia Desktop import
Transemantics
Read/Write Linked Data Ontology mgmt
Machine learning
Semantic search
Multi-agent apps
Semantic apps

30
From E-Gov to Connected Governance | Role of ICT in the Era of Connected Governance
What are next generation semantic applications?
Ontology-driven, active, immersive, adaptive, dynamic, and smarter.

From E-Gov to Connected Governance | A Call to Action 31
What are seven steps towards connected governance
that every agency can take?
1. Empower people with cloud computing, Web 5. Simplify linking and sharing public information
2.0 /Web 3.0 to connect, collaborate, and across systems, agencies, and jurisdictions.
communicate across boundaries and at scale. Expose structure and meaning using semantic
standards. Provide APIs, web services and
2. Establish pilot programs that open up widgets. Enable human and system to system
government decision-making and involve the access.
public in the work of agencies, not simply by
soliciting opinions, but by tapping into the vast 6. Improve user experience with Web 2.0 / Web 3.0
and distributed expertise of the American semantic technologies. Upgrade web site UIs
citizenry to help government make more with semantic search and query, natural
informed decisions. language understanding, visualization, and
reporting, that combines structured data sets,
3. Employ technologies, including blogs, wikis and document repositories, and web pages. Add
social networking tools, to modernize internal, intelligence to user interfaces.
cross-agency, and public communication and
information sharing, and to improve collaboration 7. Use Web 2.0/3.0 social media channels to
and government decision-making. converse, communicate, publish, and interact.
Reach the public, co-workers, and constituents
4. Semantically enable desktop / webtop authoring where they are using a full spectrum of
tools that are currently fragmented. Liberate communication channels, feeds, media, and
siloed data and information. Make dynamic forums.
mash-ups across applications, data types,
platforms, and environments.

Panel Discussion
What is the Role of Cloud Computing,
Web 2.0, and Web 3.0 Semantic Technologies
in the Coming Era of Connected Governance?
CAPABILITY COMPANY REPRESENTATIVE
Semantic Web and Cloud Computing Intervise Michael Priddy, CEO
Training Program & Professional Services
Semantic Wiki Revelytix Michael Lang, Chairman
Semantic Content, Mashups, and Lenses Cambridge Semantics Sean Martin, CEO
Lee Feigenbaum, CTO
Semantic Search, Query, Natural Expert System USA Brooke Aker, CEO
Language, & Question Answering
Semantic Research & Reporting Semantic Insights Chuck Rehberg, CTO
Semantic Interoperability & Decision Be Informed Gert Rensen, VP
Making
Semantics, Sensor Data, & Wright State University Amit Sheth
Ambient Intelligence

Thank you!
Mills Davis
Project10X
202-667-6400
www.project10x.com