Web3 And The Next Internet - New Directions And Opportunities For STM Publishing

Web 3.0 & the Next Internet New Directions and Opportunities for Scientific, Technical & Medical Publishing Mills Davis, Project10X April 30, 2009 9:00-9:45 am STM Spring Conference: What keeps Scholarly Publishers up at Night? Political Environments, Threats & Opportunities, Copyright Challenges, and Web 3.0

New Directions for STM Publishing | Introduction 2 Mills Davis Mills Davis is founder and managing director of Project10X — a Washington, DC based research consultancy specializing in next wave semantic technologies, solutions, and business models. The ﬁrmʼs clients include technology manufacturers, global 2000 corporations, government agencies, and web 3.0 start- ups. Mills serves as principal investigator for the Semantic Wave research program. A noted consultant and industry analyst, he has authored more than 100 reports, whitepapers, articles, and industry studies. Mills is active in both government and industry-wide technology initiatives that are advancing semantic mdavis@project10x.com technologies. He co-chairs the Federal Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice (SICoP). Mills is a 1-202-667-6400 founding member of the AIIM interoperable enterprise content management (iECM) working group, and a founding member of the National Center for Ontology Research (NCOR). Also, he serves on the advisory board of several new ventures in the semantic space.

New Directions for STM Publishing | Introduction 3 Semantic Wave Research NEW

New Directions for STM Publishing | Introduction 4 Top line The new ecosystem for scientific, technical, and medical (STM) publishing is digital, trans-semiotic, data and knowledge intensive, social, connected, collaborative, community-driven, mobile, multi-channel, immersive, and massively networked and computational. In this era of open, co-evolving, networked techno- socio-economic processes, commercial publishing models based on exclusive literature collections are simply not enough. By understanding changes coming with Web 3.0 and the next internet, STM publishers can identify new roles and profitable business opportunities.

New Directions for STM Publishing | Introduction 5 Topics Introduction Where are web 3.0, semantic technologies, TECHNO and the next internet taking us? How are practices in science, technology, and SOCIO medicine changing? How can STM publishers exploit web 3.0 to ECONOMIC deliver value in the emerging ecosystem? Summary + Q&A

Where are web 3.0, semantic technologies, and the next internet taking us? • What is the evolution of the • What key ideas motivate internet to 2020? Web 2.0 services? • What are characteristics of the • What is Web 3.0? next internet? • What are semantic technologies? • What technologies are shaping • What is the value space of the next internet? semantic technologies? • What is cloud computing? • How do semantic technologies • What is Web 2.0? tap new value? • What are representative • What is Web 4.0? elements of Web 2.0? • What is ubiquitous mobility?

New Directions for STM Publishing | Where are web 3.0, semantic technologies, and the next internet tacking us? 7 What is the evolution of the internet to 2020? A tidal wave of four internet growth stages. The chart to the right depicts four stages of internet growth. Web 1.0, was about connecting information and getting on the net. Web 2.0 is about connecting people — putting the “I” in user interface, and the “we” into webs of social participation. Web 3.0 is starting now. It’s about representing meanings, connecting knowledge, and putting these to work in ways that make our experience of internet more relevant, useful, and enjoyable. Web 4.0 will come later. It is about connecting intelligences in a ubiquitous web where both people and things reason and communicate together. Over the next decade, semantic technologies will spawn multi-billion dollar technology markets that will drive trillion dollar global economic expansions to transform industries as well as our experience of the internet.

New Directions for STM Publishing | Where are web 3.0, semantic technologies, and the next internet tacking us? 8 What are characteristics of the next internet? Internet of services, things, and 3D interactivity. Virtualized infrastructure & everything as a service.

9 New Directions for STM Publishing | Where are web 3.0, semantic technologies, and the next internet tacking us? What technologies are shaping the next internet? Cloud computing, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0 semantic technologies. From analog media, to digital data, to social media, to concept-based networked knowledge computation.

New Directions for STM Publishing | Where are web 3.0, semantic technologies, and the next internet tacking us? 10 What is cloud computing? Scalable, on-demand, click-and-run, pay-by-the-drink resources and services provisioned over the internet.

New Directions for STM Publishing | Where are web 3.0, semantic technologies, and the next internet tacking us? 11 What is Web 2.0? A web of participation. Web 2.0 is the social web that connects people. It is a web of participation. Putting the “I” in UI. And the “we” in web. Users consume & create. Sites are interactive, for example: blogs–keep a web-diary; Wikipedia — free encyclopedia, anyone edits; Del.icio.us — social bookmarking; mySpace, Facebook & openBC – cultivate social relations; Flickr — share photos; and YouTube–broadcast yourself. According to Tim OʼReilly, several principles distinguish web 2.0, for example: (1) the web as platform (2) harnessing collective intelligence (3) data is the next Intel inside (4) end of the software release cycle (5) lightweight programming models (6) software above the level of a single device, and (7) rich user experiences. In addition Web 2.0 approaches embrace: remixing data and services; relation-orientation; the long tail; and bi- directional interaction. Web 2.0 social computing has both consumer and enterprise impacts. Source: EbOY

New Directions for STM Publishing | Where are web 3.0, semantic technologies, and the next internet tacking us? 12 What are representative elements of Web 2.0? User experience, rich media, social computing, and collaboration. User Experience Rich Media

New Directions for STM Publishing | Where are web 3.0, semantic technologies, and the next internet tacking us? 13 What key ideas motivate web 2.0 services? Web-as-platform. Provide a sandbox. Data and users are king.

New Directions for STM Publishing | Where are web 3.0, semantic technologies, and the next internet tacking us? 14 What is Web 3.0? A web of meanings and connected knowledge. Web 3.0 is the third stage of internet evolution that is starting now. It is a web of meanings. It connects knowledge. It represents meanings and knowledge about things so both computers and people can work with them. It adds new levels of intelligence to the user interface, social collaboration, applications, and the infrastructure of the web. Web 3.0 is not about re-inventing the internet; itʼs about making the internet more useful, and our experience of it better. Web 3.0 makes the internet more connected, open, and intelligent. Users are served by systems that present personalized information, are context-aware, can link and share information in relevant ways, connect with relevant people, better organize the digital life, combine and integrate processes, arrange dates and tasks, give meaningful answers instead of data in bulk. Semantic technologies tap new value by modeling knowledge, adding intelligence, and enabling learning. Web 3.0 gives us architectures of learning and knowing over and above architectures of social participation and “perpetual beta” that emerged during web 2.0. Web 3.0 systems will gain new knowledge and get better with use and with scale of adoption. Source: Mills Davis, Project10X

New Directions for STM Publishing | Where are web 3.0, semantic technologies, and the next internet tacking us? 15 What are semantic technologies? Semantic technologies are tools and methods that represent knowledge separately from documents, data, and program code. • All programming methods represent knowledge some way in order to compute using it. • Knowledge structures that represent meanings, associations, theories, and know-how about the uses of things are called ontologies. • Fixed ontologies are relatively static, as in a general ledger. Dynamic ontologies have changing requirements, e.g.,: connecting and understanding an evolving web of structured data, documents, and web pages; composing mobile web services; or discovering and reasoning about relationships between events being reported on the worldwide web. • Both Web 2.0 and Web 3.0 technologies can process ﬁxed ontologies describing resources, services, information, and computing infrastructure. The technology mix that is right depends on application characteristics. • Web 3.0 semantic technologies are required when solutions involve knowledge structures that are changing and dynamic.

New Directions for STM Publishing | Where are web 3.0, semantic technologies, and the next internet tacking us? 16 What is the value space of semantic technologies? Four dimensions that matter include: capability, performance, user experience, and life cycle economics. The value space of semantic technologies has four dimensions or axes: capability, performance, user Capability experience, and life cycle economics. Capabilities — Semantic technologies and solution patterns tap new value by modeling knowledge, adding User intelligence, and enabling learning. Performance Experience User experience — Adding intelligence to the UI increases relevance, helpfulness, utility, and pleasure as experienced by the user: both individually and as groups. Life Cycle Performance — Semantic solutions drive gains in Economics efﬁciency and effectiveness, and provide strategic edge. Life cycle economics — Semantic solutions improve the ratio of beneﬁts to cost and risk over the life of the investment: development, operations, and evolution.

New Directions for STM Publishing | Where are web 3.0, semantic technologies, and the next internet tacking us? 17 How do semantic technologies tap new value? By modeling knowledge, adding intelligence, and enabling learning. 2007, 2008 Copyright MILLS•DAVIS. All rights reserved

New Directions for STM Publishing | Where are web 3.0, semantic technologies, and the next internet tacking us? 18 What is Web 4.0? A web of connected intelligences. Web 4.0 is the ubiquitous web. Everything is connected. Everything has some intelligence, memory, a lifecycle, and agency. It is a web of semantic agents. Both people and things contribute to co- evolving social dialog. The emerging pervasive/ubiquitous computing landscape is a network of connected “things,” agents, and services with invisible processors, lightweight, small, cheap, low/no power in almost all everyday objects, wirelessly interconnected, continuously quot;online.” Seamless services across all contexts. This is a post-PC, post-IP era. Object-orientation and stack architectures get jettisoned as “trainer wheels.” Interaction, coordination, security, and integrity cannot be organized centrally. The most granular societal artifacts have skills for orientation, planning, scheduling, and acting. Intellectual property is autonomic. Whether we are speaking of a content paragraph, picture, a model, a software service, a sensor, a product or other physical entity — all are self-organizing, context-aware, self-describing, self-conﬁguring, autonomic, pervasively adaptive, and communicating autonomously.

New Directions for STM Publishing | Where are web 3.0, semantic technologies, and the next internet tacking us? 19 What is ubiquitous mobility? Easy to create, self-describing, context-aware services. The intelligent physical world communicates with us. The focus of mobile services to present has been to listen, watch, command, surf, play, and record your life with a box. The future of mobility is sensing, communications and computing where physical and digital worlds fuse. The intelligent physical world communicates with us. We have wearable personal trusted devices that augment human senses and enhance human capabilities. Behind the scenes there is seamless access to (intelligent) services, wherever, whenever. Also, weʼll have robust, feature-rich web servers on mobile phones, accessible by anyone, with any browser, from anywhere.

New Directions for STM Publishing | How are practices in science, technology & medicine changing? 20 Historically, when social communication media grow in capability, pace, scope, or scale, then people use these media, communication techniques, and tools to construct more complex social arrangements and practices that increase human capacity to cooperate at larger and larger scales. Source: IFTF–Technologies of Cooperation

How are practices in science, technology, and medicine changing? • What is semantic social • Does web scale semantic computing for STM? computing in the cloud apply only to STM? • What is data-intensive science? • What are next generation • What is the path from search to STM semantic applications? knowing? • What does the next internet • What is next generation semantic mean for STM libraries? collaboration? • What is semantic publishing? • What does semantic computing mean for STM?

New Directions for STM Publishing | How are practices in science, technology & medicine changing? 22 What is semantic social computing for STM? Service platforms, media, & social networks to connect, collaborate, and contribute. Who organizes these on-line meeting spaces? Source: Sigma Aldrich

New Directions for STM Publishing | How are practices in science, technology & medicine changing? 23 What is data intensive science? Data from observations, predictions, simulations, computer models, & interpretations. Source: E-Science, Semantic Computing & the Cloud -- Tony Hey, Microsoft

New Directions for STM Publishing | How are practices in science, technology & medicine changing? 24 What is the path from search to knowing? More expressive knowledge representation enables more powerful reasoning: from recovery, to discovery, to intelligence, to question answering, to smart behaviors.

New Directions for STM Publishing | How are practices in science, technology & medicine changing? 25

New Directions for STM Publishing | Where are web 3.0, semantic technologies, and the next internet tacking us? 26 What is next generation semantic collaboration? Combining wikis, semantic content tools, semantic search, ontology-driven applications, and intelligent user interfaces. Future MediaWiki Semantic SMW+ Semantic MediaWiki Semantic Wikis MediaWiki+ Natural language Wikipedia Dbpedia Desktop import Transemiotics Read/Write Linked Data Ontology mgmt Machine learning Semantic search Multi-agent apps Semantic apps

New Directions for STM Publishing | How are practices in science, technology & medicine changing? 27 What is semantic publishing? Interchange of composite digital research components that are both human and machine interpretable. Blogs Wikis Related Articles Comments & Reviews Presentations Lab Books Models Codes Preprints Algorithms Podcasts Methods Video Models Data Plans Ontologies Intermediate Results Source: Semantic Publishing, David Shotton Source: Future of Research, Carol Goble

New Directions for STM Publishing | How are practices in science, technology & medicine changing? 28 What does semantic computing mean for STM? Multi-lingual, trans-semiotic reasoning at scale in the cloud. Source: E-Science, Semantic Computing & the Cloud -- Tony Hey, Microsoft

New Directions for STM Publishing | How are practices in science, technology & medicine changing? 29 Does semantic computing at web scale in the cloud apply only to STM? No. blackbook2 Source: BlackBook2, Scott Streit Source: LarKC

30 New Directions for STM Publishing | How are practices in science, technology & medicine changing? What are next generation STM semantic applications? Ontology-driven, active, immersive, adaptive, dynamic, and smarter.

New Directions for STM Publishing | How are practices in science, technology & medicine changing? 31 What does the next internet mean for STM libraries? Virtual research environments. Complex digital knowledge outputs. Data-centric. Community curation. Embedding in research workﬂow. Source: The Research Desktop of the Future, Stephen Andrews.

New Directions for STM Publishing | How are practices in science, technology & medicine changing? 32 How are practices in science, technology, and medicine changing? Internet, social, and semantic technologies enable STM that is global, connected, collaborative, and knowledge-intensive. • Semantic social computing — platforms to connect, collaborate, contribute: social nets, resource nets, data nets, knowledge nets. • Data-intensive science — Hypothesis and data driven science. large scale data repositories, community curation, linked open and proprietary data. • From search to knowing — from recovery, to discovery, to intelligence, to question-answering, to smart behaviors. • Semantic collaboration — virtual research environments, open science. • Semantic contribution — Semantic publishing of data, interpretations, hypotheses, methods, models, code, and other digital artifacts in forms for both human and computer use. • Knowledge-intensive science — semantic computing in the cloud. Simulation, adaptive, autonomic.

How can STM publishers exploit web 3.0 to deliver value in the emerging ecosystem? Use semantic technologies to: • Platform-enable the new ecosystem. • Marshal new forms of digital content and knowledge. • Embed services in new STM processes and value networks.

New Directions for STM Publishing | How can STM publishers exploit web 3.0 to deliver value in the emerging ecosystem? 34 Platform-enable the new ecosystem. Organize the meeting place of STM communities and their value networks. • An ecosystem is a self-sustaining system whose members benefit from each others participation via symbiotic (positive sum) relationships. • Historically, publishers organized meeting spaces for people who had something to say on a topic, those who wanted to read it, and others who wanted to advertise to the other two. • The new meeting spaces are social computing platforms where people connect, collaborate, and contribute — they’re more than media delivery channels. • Use semantic technologies enable and mobilize dynamic value networks that aggregate resources, services, content, and products for a community. • Think Apple iPhone for STM knowledge commerce in recombinant services, models, tools, apps, and media artifacts.

New Directions for STM Publishing | How can STM publishers exploit web 3.0 to deliver value in the emerging ecosystem? 35 Marshal new forms of digital content and knowledge. Help STM users discover & put digital data and knowledge to work. • Semantically enable text, data, graphics, imagery, methods, and models. • Link open sources and proprietary assets and support community curation and annotation of sources. Enable mash-ups and analytics. • Use machine learning, deep linguistics, and semantic technologies to power comprehensive search, navigation, and discovery over all forms of information. • STMs with dominant positions in theory will drive new value and shape next stage markets. Executable knowledge trumps subject ontologies.

New Directions for STM Publishing | How can STM publishers exploit web 3.0 to deliver value in the emerging ecosystem? 36 Embed services in new STM processes and value networks. New steps, stages, and methods afford new relevance. • Contextualize services and products for net-centric concepts of operation. Focus offerings for different roles and tasks in STM processes. • Support group interaction to connect, collaborate, and contribute, including team building, resource networking, and community annotation. Semantic social computing adds a layer of knowledge representation and meanings that enrich the collaborative experience and utility of results. • Support task-speciﬁc knowledge work. Semantic technologies put knowledge to work through knowledge-centric versus document centric processes for authoring, research, design, engineering, simulation, eScience, professions, logistics, virtual manufacturing, policy & decision support, and cognition. • Use semantic technologies to multi-package assets to meet life cycle needs of STM professionals — as learners, practitioners, teachers, executives, etc. • Enlarge the STM process footprint.

Thank you! Mills Davis Project10X 202-667-6400 www.project10x.com

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Web3 And The Next Internet - New Directions And Opportunities For STM Publishing

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