SQLBits X SQL Server 2012 Spatial Indexing

: How do I tell?A: SELECT * FROM T WHERE g.STIntersects(@x) = 1

SELECT *FROM T WITH(INDEX(T_g_idx))WHERE g.STIntersects(@x) = 1

Plan choice is cost-based QO uses various information, including cardinality EXEC sp_executesql SELECT DECLARE*@x geometry = POINT (0 0) SELECT NSELECT * FROM T * WHERE FROM T FROM TT.g.STIntersects(POINT (0 0)) = 1 WHERE T.g.STIntersects(@x) = 1, WHERE T.g.STIntersects(@x) = 1 N@x geometry, NPOINT (0 0)When can we estimate cardinality? Variables: never Literals: not for spatial since they are not literals under the covers Parameters: yes, but cached, so first call matters

C B D A B A BD A Primary Filter Secondary Filter E (Index lookup) (Original predicate)In general, split predicates in two Primary filter finds all candidates, possibly with false positives (but never false negatives) Secondary filter removes false positivesThe index provides our primary filterOriginal predicate is our secondary filterSome tweaks to this scheme Sometimes possible to skip secondary filter

Secondary Filter IndexingFilter Primary Phase 1 2 15 16 1. 4 3 14 13 5 8 9 12 3. 6 7 10 11 2.5.4. Apply actual on the spatial3. Intersecting grids method2. Identify a gridfor query on1. Overlay gridsCLR spatialobject(s) identifiescandidates to find matchesobject to store in index

/4/2/3/1 /(“cell 0”) Deepest-cell Optimization: Only keep the lowest level cell in index Covering Optimization: Only record higher level cells when all lower cells are completely covered by the object Cell-per-object Optimization: User restricts max number of cells per object

0 – cell at least touches the object (but not 1 or 2) Spatial Reference ID 1 – guarantee thatto be encoding Varbinary(5) the same to produce Have object partially covers cell 15 columns and 2 – object covers cell id 895 byte limitation of grid cell match Prim_key geography Prim_key cell_id srid cell_attr 1 0x00007 42 0 1 g1 3 0x00007 42 1 2 g2 3 0x0000A 42 2 3 g3 3 0x0000B 42 0 3 0x0000C 42 1 Base Table T 1 0x0000D 42 0 2 0x00014 42 1CREATE SPATIAL INDEX sixd Internal Table for sixdON T(geography)

Create index example GEOMETRY: CREATE SPATIAL INDEX sixd ON spatial_table(geom_column) WITH (BOUNDING_BOX = (0, 0, 500, 500), GRIDS = (LOW, LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH), CELLS_PER_OBJECT = 20) Create index example GEOGRAPHY: CREATE SPATIAL INDEX sixd ON spatial_table(geogr_column) USING GEOGRAPHY_GRID WITH (GRIDS = (LOW, LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH), CELLS_PER_OBJECT = 20) NEW IN SQL Server 2012 (equivalent to default creation): CREATE SPATIAL INDEX sixd ON spatial_table(geom_column) USING GEOGRAPHY_AUTO_GRID WITH (CELLS_PER_OBJECT = 20)14 Use ALTER and DROP INDEX for maintenance.

Geometry: STIntersects() = 1 • • STOverlaps() = 1 • STEquals()= 1 • STTouches() = 1 • • STWithin() = 1 • STContains() = 1 • STDistance() < val • STDistance() <= val Nearest Neighbor Filter() = 1

Itself Ancestors Descendants 7 7.2 7.2.4Spatial Index S

Optional Sort Remove dup ranges T(@g) Ranges Spatial Index Seek

Fully contained cells Partiallycontained cells

Optimal value (theoretical) is somewhere between two extremes Default values: Time needed to512 - Geometry AUTO grid process false positives768 - Geography AUTO grid1024 - SELECT * FROM table t WITH MANUAL grids (SPATIAL_WINDOW_MAX_CELLS=256) WHERE t.geom.STIntersects(@window)=1;

Give me the closest 5 Italian restaurants SQL Server 2008/2008 R2: table scan SQL Server 2012: uses spatial indexSELECT TOP(5) *FROM Restaurants rWHERE r.type = ‘Italian’ AND r.pos.STDistance(@me) IS NOT NULLORDER BY r.pos.STDistance(@me)

Find the closest 50 business points to a specific location (out of 22 million in total)

sp_spatial_help_geometry_histogramsp_spatial_help_geography_histogramUsed for spatial data and index analysis

ArgumentsParameter Type Description@tabname nvarchar(776) the name of the table for which the index has been specified@indexname sysname the index name to be investigated@verboseoutput tinyint 0 core set of properties is reported 1 all properties are being reported@query_sample geometry A representative query sample that will be used to test the usefulness of the index. It may be a representative object or a query window.PropName: nvarchar(256) PropValue: sql_variant

Parameter Type Description@tabname nvarchar(776) the name of the table for which the index has been specified@indexname sysname the index name to be investigated@verboseoutput tinyint 0 core set of properties is reported 1 all properties are being reported@query_sample geography A representative query sample that will be used to test the usefulness of the index. It may be a representative object or a query window.@xml_output xml This is an output parameter that contains the returned properties in an XML fragment

Property Type DescriptionBase_Table_Rows Bigint All Number of rows in the base tableIndex properties - All index properties: bounding box, grid densities, cell per objectTotal_Primary_Index_R Bigint All Number of rows in the indexowsTotal_Primary_Index_P Bigint All Number of pages in the indexagesTotal_Number_Of_Obje Bigint Core Indicates whether the representative query sample falls outside of thectCells_In_Level0_For_ bounding box of the geometry index and into the root cell (level 0 cell). This isQuerySample either 0 (not in level 0 cell) or 1. If it is in the level 0 cell, then the investigated index is not an appropriate index for the query sample.Total_Number_Of_Obje Bigint Core Number of cell instances of indexed objects that are tessellated in level 0. ForctCells_In_Level0_In_I geometry indexes, this will happen if the bounding box of the index is smallerndex than the data domain. A high number of objects in level 0 may require a costly application of secondary filters if the query window falls partially outside the bounding box. If the query window falls inside the bounding box, having a high number of objects in level 0 may actually improve the performance.

Property Type DescriptionNumber_Of_Rows_Selected_By_Primary_ bigint Core P = Number of rows selected by the primary filter.FilterNumber_Of_Rows_Selected_By_Internal_ bigint Core S = Number of rows selected by the internal filter. ForFilter these rows, the secondary filter is not called.Number_Of_Times_Secondary_Filter_Is_ bigint Core Number of times the secondary filter is called.CalledPercentage_Of_Rows_NotSelected_By_Pri float Core Suppose there are N rows in the base table, suppose Pmary_Filter are selected by the primary filter. This is (N-P)/N as percentage.Percentage_Of_Primary_Filter_Rows_Sele float Core This is S/P as a percentage. The higher the percentage,cted_By_Internal_Filter the better is the index in avoiding the more expensive secondary filter.Number_Of_Rows_Output bigint Core O=Number of rows output by the query.Internal_Filter_Efficiency float Core This is S/O as a percentage.Primary_Filter_Efficiency float Core This is O/P as a percentage. The higher the efficiency is, the less false positives have to be processed by the secondary filter.

http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/updated-spatial-features-in-the-sql- azure-q4-2011-service-release.aspxForum: http://forums.microsoft.com/MSDN/ShowForum.aspx?ForumID=1629&SiteID=1

SQLBits X SQL Server 2012 Spatial Indexing

by Michael Rys on Mar 30, 2012

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