Rethinking Library Acquisition: Demand-Driven Purchasing for Scholarly Books

Rethinking Library Acquisition: Demand-Driven Purchasing for Scholarly Books
Becky Clark, Johns Hopkins University Press
RBC@press.jhu.edu
Matt Nauman, YBP
mnauman@ybp.com
Michael Levine-Clark, University of Denver
michael.levine-clark@du.edu
Stephen Bosch, University of Arizona
boschs@u.library.arizona.edu
Kim Anderson, YBP
kanderson@ybp.com

Why Demand-Driven Acquisition?

University of Denver Data – All Books
2000-2009
252,718 titles (25,272 a year)
46.9% unused (118,387)
2000-2004
126,953 titles
39.6% unused (50,226)
FY 2010
Approx $1 million spent on monographs

University of Denver Data – University Press Books*
2000-2009
40,058 titles (8,012 a year)
39.7% unused (15,883)
2000-2004
20,277 titles
31.0% unused (6,278)
*“University Press” in publisher field

University of Denver Use Data (Titles Cataloged 2000-2004)
All U.P.
4+ 23,854 (18.8%) 4,029 (19.9%)
3 10,461 (8.2%) 1,954 (9.6%)
2 16,257 (12.8%) 3,134 (15.5%)
1 26,155 (20.6%) 4,882 (24.1%)
0 50,266 (39.6%) 6,278 (31.0%)

University of Denver Use Data (U.P. Titles Cataloged in 2000)
Ever Used Used 2005 or Later
4+ 932 (22.1%) 882 (20.1%)
3 424 (10.0%) 349 (8.3%)
2 682 (16.1%) 439 (10.4%)
1 968 (22.9%) 475 (11.2%)
0 1,217 (28.8%) 2,078 (49.2%)

The Universe of Titles
170,663 books published in the U.S. in 2008*
53,869 books treated on approval by Blackwell in FY 2008 (North America)
23,097 forms generated in FY 2008
4,687 titles ordered from forms
*Library and Book Trade Almanac 2009, p. 506 (preliminary data).

Everything is Different
Users expect everything instantly
Born-digital books shouldn’t go out of print
We’re more accountable to our administrations
Budget
Shelf space

Developing a Demand-Driven Purchase Model
Two basic reasons for changing models:
ROI – return on investment
In a digital world dominated by network level discovery and access - it is not about the local collection anymore, follow the users.

Circulation data by publisher is hard to gather since publisher is not a field in a MARC record that is “normalized” so many versions of a publisher could exist.
A rough working of our data shows that overall the average rate for circulating titles was about 55% for University Presses.
The larger University Presses do have higher rates of circulation than do the smaller presses.

ROI – in since 2000:
Total # of books purchased 448,840
Total exp for books $ 24,531,340
Total # 0 circ books 237,885
Total exp for 0 circ books $ 13,001,610
Shelving costs $ 2,440,582
Processing costs $ 3,394,622
Total cost of 0 circ books $ 18,836,814

Rethinking Monographic Acquisition: Developing a Demand-Driven Purchase Model
Network level discovery and access:
This is where our users are going and we need to have business models that support that type of user experience - not building local collections.
Users must have the broadest possible access w/o dead ends – one way or another they need to be able to quickly obtain the discovered information.

Is this what the digital natives will find useful as a library? OR

Is this the future “collection”?

How We’re Implementing Demand-Driven Acquisition

Developing a DDA Plan for DU
Jan 2009: Begin conversations with Blackwell
Spring 2009: Begin conversations with EBL
Summer/fall 2009: EBL/Blackwell platform development
Dec 2009: YBP/Blackwell announce merger
Jan 2010: Begin conversations with YBP
Spring 2010: Implement DDA with EBL
Spring 2010: Plan DDA with YBP

The University of Denver Plan
Program will begin July 2010
Print and Electronic Books
YBP and EBL
Forms
No fiction, reprints, or textbooks
Discovery through the catalog
POD (eventually)
Automatic approval books will continue to come automatically (for now)

The User Experience
Discovery (catalog)
Print and/or ebook(s)
Request (catalog)
Fast, seamless
Ordering
Baker & Taylor and Alternative Sources
Rush (in some cases)
Drop Ship (in some cases)

Assessment
Feedback Form (p)
At Request
At Delivery
Slip “Ordering” (p)
Use Data (p and e)

Developing the Demand Driven Acquisitions Program

What Does Demand Driven Mean? Possible Workflows
YBP provides the title catalog records
Profiled each week from approval plan input
Weekly batch record load based on that title list
Library loads records into catalog
Full Record (OCLC Plus service from YBP)
Brief records
Load to OCLC WorldCat Local

What Does Demand Driven Mean? Possible Workflows
Button for users to request the book
Options available to user (format, rush, normal, notify, don’t notify?)
Acquisitions retrieves requests daily and places orders

University of Kansas DDA Workflow

KU Uses a Special Location
for Patron Choice Titles

Full record in KU OPAC
Identifier in catalog
record so Patron
Choice records can
easily be removed
after 6 months

Considerations for DDA
Format?
Print books, eBooks, or both?
Mediated or non-mediated?
Mediated: patron requests go to acquisitions staff, who make final decision on whether title gets ordered, fund availability, format in which title is ordered
Non-mediated: patron request is ordered immediately

Allow duplication between e and print formats?
Mirror existing approval plan profile, or set up a separate profile?
Budget control – monitoring so funds are available for duration of program or fiscal year
Must patrons authenticate to request a title?

How long will MARC records stay in OPAC?
How do we remove them?
Will selectors review before removal to order any that users didn’t want?
How will the ‘request screen’ look in the ILS?
Reports
Which users requested what (how much, and in what subject areas)?

What Universe of Titles Shall We Expose to Patrons?
Demand Driven Profile Components
Subject areas
Publishers
Non-Subject Parameters
How far back shall we go?

Metrics
What type of material was requested?
By subject
By publisher
By Format
What was the ratio of records to requests?
By Subject
For Print
For Digital

Metrics
What were the fulfillment times?
To the library
To the Patron
What was the Patron Type?
Faculty
Graduate Students
Undergraduate Students

Metrics
What was the distribution of requests across subjects?
How did DDA requests compare to Librarian selections?
What savings did the institution experience?
Materials costs
Staff costs

Was the Patron Satisfied?

Implications

What about?
Collections of record
Current structures and processes in collection management and acquisitions
Traditional user expectations

Impact on Scholars
Will they be able to
browse the collection?
get books as needed?
get older books?

Impact on Libraries
What about Interlibrary Loan?
Blur between ILL/Acquisitions
eBook Rental Replaces ILL?
Are we still building collections, or are we just buying books?

PDA will force changes in the way content moves from publishers to academic libraries
There will be implications throughout the supply chain
Four reasons PDA may be the way of the future:
Current model breaking down
Better technology exists for library decisions
Changing mission of academic libraries
Economic conditions

How we got here and where we might be going
Collections have been built by Approval Plans
“Just in Case” Collections
Problems include budgets, space & usage statistics
Better technology makes new models possible
One model for getting started
Core, must have titles
PDA based on subject & publisher profiles
Includes print and ebooks
Integration with aggregator partners
“Just in Time” Ordering

Impact on Academic Publishing
Print Books
“Fewer books, fewer copies, higher prices”
Frontlist sales will be reduced
Possible reduction in total copies sold
Both can lead to higher prices
Maybe some titles won’t be published, or
Published in another format

Impact on Academic Publishing
Ebooks
Pilot libraries want E-Preferred PDA
Libraries and vendors working on electronic collection development services
Increased pressure for simultaneous P and E
Increased pressure on vendor for discovery and delivery systems
Potential for Ebooks first backed by POD
Usage-based pricing

Impact on Book Vendors
New value and service proposition
Must provide an infrastructure for PDA
MARC records prior to purchase
Rush order and delivery for print
Improved discoverability & delivery
Print on Demand options
Direct to Consumer options
New processing options for print books

Impact on Book Vendors
Vendors also forced to replace lost revenue
Potential for a new business model
Based on charging for services
Decrease library’s cost-per-use
Vendors and publishers will cooperate to make sure titles are discovered
PDA has to be built while maintaining traditional services

Rethinking Library Acquisition: Demand-Driven Purchasing for Scholarly Books

by Michael Levine-Clark on Apr 15, 2011

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Rethinking Library Acquisition: Demand-Driven Purchasing for Scholarly Books — Presentation Transcript