12. Good vs. Well Well is an adverb and therefore modifies verbs Good is an adjective and therefore modifies nouns But it is not that simple…
13. Action Verbs Describe actions Verbs such as run, jump, and swim are all action verbs He runs well; she jumps well; they swim well.
14. Linking Verbs Linking verbs aren't about actions as much as they are about connecting other words together. To be is the quintessential linking verb.
16. Linking Verbs Other linking verbs include seem, appear, look, become, and verbs that describe senses, such as feel and smell.
17. Some verbs are linking and action. A trick that will help you figure out if you're dealing with a linking verb is to see if you can replace the verb with a form of to be; if so, then it's probably a linking verb.
18. How to Test for a Linking Verb He feels bad. He feels badly. is Linking is Action
19. Good vs. Well It's standard to use adjectives—such as good—after linking verbs. Am is a linking verb, and you use adjectives after linking verbs. I am good.
20. Good vs. Well Well is reserved to mean “healthy” when it's used in this way. So if you are recovering from a long illness and someone is inquiring about your health, it's appropriate to say, “I am well,” but if you're just describing yourself on a generally good day and nobody's asking specifically about your health, a more appropriate response is, “I am good.”
22. I know what you are thinking… …will Grammar Girl please explain the difference between bad and badly? You are in luck!
23. CNN Interview Grammar Girl, some people are nervous to write to you. I feel bad about that.
24. Bad vs. Badly Say you feel bad when you are expressing an emotion. To say, “I feel badly,” implies that there's something wrong with your sense of touch.
25. Bad vs. Badly Badly is an adverb, meaning that it modifies a verb. So when you say, “I feel badly,” the adverb badly relates to the verb feel. Since feel means "to touch things," feeling badly means you're having trouble touching things.
29. Practice: 1. Credit card debt is becoming increasing common among college students, who have expenses but do not work full-time. 2. Nearly all credit card companies try to convince students to apply by offering introductory rates that are enticingly low. Unfortunately, when juggling multiple credit cards, many students lose sight of how rapid the debt is accumulating. It is a well idea to charge only as much as you can pay in full each month. He didn’t shower before he came to my house, so he smelled badly.
30. 1. Credit card debt is becoming increasing common among college students, who have expenses but do not work full-time. increasing increasingly
31. 2. Nearly all credit card companies try to convince students to apply by offering introductory rates that are enticingly low. enticing enticingly
32. 3. Unfortunately, when juggling multiple credit cards, many students lose sight of how rapid the debt is accumulating. rapid rapidly
33. 4. It is a well idea to charge only as much as you can pay in full each month. well good
34. 5. He didn’t shower before he came to my house, so he smelled badly. badly bad
36. “I Just Called to Say I Love You”page 366 Do you have a cell phone? A. Yes B. No General reactions? Public vs. Private Sphere Cell phone culture? If you agree with Franzen, can we go back?
39. Geography Landlocked and rugged- ¾ of the land is mountainous Smaller than Texas Borders China, Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan Divided by high passes restricting travel- 72 hours by road from Jalabad to Peshawar before the tunnel Continental extremes in temperature- -25 to 46 PowerPoint presentation adapted from the following web site: http://www.slideshare.net/rhiorns/afganistan-powerpoint-intro
41. Ethnic Groups PowerPoint presentation adapted from the following web site: http://www.slideshare.net/rhiorns/afganistan-powerpoint-intro
42. Ethnic and Religious Divisions Afghanistan is made up of many different ethnic and religious groups- Pashtun, Tajik, Uzbek and Hazara People of different races and faiths Islam is the main religion- divided into Sunnis and Shi’as Political rather than religious division PowerPoint presentation adapted from the following web site: http://www.slideshare.net/rhiorns/afganistan-powerpoint-intro
43. Branches of Islam The division between Sunnis and Shi'as is the largest and oldest in the history of Islam. They both agree on the fundamentals of Islam and share the same Holy Book (The Qur'an), but there are differences mostly derived from their different historical experiences, political and social developments, as well as ethnic composition. These differences originate from the question of who would succeed the Prophet Muhammad as leader of the emerging Muslim community after his death. To understand them, we need to know a bit about the Prophet's life and political and spiritual legacy. When the Prophet Muhammad died in the early 7th century he left not only the religion of Islam but also a community of about one hundred thousand Muslims organised as an Islamic state on the Arabian Peninsula. It was the question of who should succeed the Prophet and lead the fledgling Islamic state that created the divide. PowerPoint presentation adapted from the following web site: http://www.slideshare.net/rhiorns/afganistan-powerpoint-intro
44. Branches of Islam The larger group of Muslims chose Abu Bakr, a close Companion of the Prophet, as the Caliph (politico-social leader) and he was accepted as such by much of the community which saw the succession in political and not spiritual terms. However another smaller group, which also included some of the senior Companions, believed that the Prophet's son-in-law and cousin, Ali, should be Caliph. They understood that the Prophet had appointed him as the sole interpreter of his legacy, in both political and spiritual terms. In the end Abu Bakr was appointed First Caliph. Muslims who believe that Abu Bakr should have been the Prophet's successor have come to be known as Sunni Muslims. Those who believe Ali should have been the Prophet's successor are now known as Shi'a Muslims. It was only later that these terms came into use. Sunni means 'one who follows the Sunnah' (what the Prophet said, did, agreed to or condemned). Shi'a is a contraction of the phrase 'Shiat Ali', meaning 'partisans of Ali'. PowerPoint presentation adapted from the following web site: http://www.slideshare.net/rhiorns/afganistan-powerpoint-intro
45. History The area is ruled by warlords and unstable due to conflict between rival ethnic groups- physical geography means establishing overall control is near impossible. Inequalities exist between ethnic groups- i.e. Hazaras are persecuted by Pashtuns and used in slavery 19th Century: British interests in the territory lead to the Anglo-Afghan war 20th Century- country is secular and forward thinking. Kabul is compared to Paris. 1978- becomes a republic. Social, economic and political inequalities persist for the Hazara- e.g. in the 1940s an exclusive Hazara tax was enforced. PowerPoint presentation adapted from the following web site: http://www.slideshare.net/rhiorns/afganistan-powerpoint-intro
46. Hazara People Of Mongol descent- possibly from Genghis Khan Name means 1000- from military past Occupy mountainous areas of Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran Hazarajat is main area of settlement in Afghanistan Secular (like most of country) until the late 1970s Shi’a PowerPoint presentation adapted from the following web site: http://www.slideshare.net/rhiorns/afganistan-powerpoint-intro
47. History Cont. 1979- the new Republic courts left-wing communist ideals US are anti-communist- see McCarthyism – as they fear the influence of Russia- the largest communist state US (and Pakistan) bankroll and support the right-wing and Sunni Mujahedeen US use the Mujahedeen to fight against Russia in the escalating Cold War Focus on young, Islamic fundamentalists PowerPoint presentation adapted from the following web site: http://www.slideshare.net/rhiorns/afganistan-powerpoint-intro
48. Cold War Soviet Union intervene and send 100,000 troops to invade Afghanistan is an unstable patchwork of tribes who can’t agree on leadership Soviet occupation resulted in the killing of between 600,000 and 2 million Afghanis More than 5 million fled to Pakistan and Iran PowerPoint presentation adapted from the following web site: http://www.slideshare.net/rhiorns/afganistan-powerpoint-intro
49. The Emergence of the Taliban Soviets realize the terrain has beaten them and withdraw in 1988, leaving a power vacuum Seen as a victory by the US and their Mujahedeen. They leave the country to internal fighting to resolve the leadership crisis Elites and intellectuals flee the civil war as warlords battle for control 1994- 10,000 die in Kabul alone The Taliban is from the Mujahedeen. They finally take Kabul in 1996 and establish a state- The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan By the end of 2000, they control 95% of the country and its resources PowerPoint presentation adapted from the following web site: http://www.slideshare.net/rhiorns/afganistan-powerpoint-intro
50. Seven-Year Reign of Terror Taliban gain control of unstable country through enforcement of strict Sharia law Restricted freedom Communists punished Cultural icons not Sunni Islamic destroyed- e.g. Bamiyan Buddhas Shi’as as seen as infidels and persecuted PowerPoint presentation adapted from the following web site: http://www.slideshare.net/rhiorns/afganistan-powerpoint-intro
51.
52. Privileges which women, by right, must have are equal education, job security, health services, and free time to rear a healthy generation for building the future of the country … Educating and enlightening women is now the subject of close government attention.PowerPoint presentation adapted from the following web site: http://www.slideshare.net/rhiorns/afganistan-powerpoint-intro
53. Taliban Rules for Women May not work outside the home. May not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative. May not be treated by male doctor. May not study at any institutions, including schools and universities. Must wear the long veil (burqa) which covers them from head to toe. If found guilty of adultery, will be publically stoned to death. May not laugh loudly – no stranger should hear a woman’s voice. May not wear high heels – no man should hear a woman’s footsteps. PowerPoint presentation adapted from the following web site: www.saeta.org.au/files/.../The%20Kite%20Runner%20Introduction.ppt
54. Taliban Rules for Everyone No one can listen to music. No one can watch television, movies or videos. No citizen can have a non-Islamic name. Men may not shave or trim their beards. No one may fly kites. In any sporting event, no one may clap. Anyone who converts from Islam to any other religion will be executed. No burying of anyone who was killed by the Taliban. Bodies must remain in the streets as examples to other ‘wrongdoers’. Source: Amnesty International USA The Kite Runner Companion Curriculum. http://www.amnestyusa.org/education/pdf/kiterunnerhigh.pdf Accessed on 17 February 2008, p. 40-41 PowerPoint presentation adapted from the following web site: www.saeta.org.au/files/.../The%20Kite%20Runner%20Introduction.ppt
55. Living Under the Taliban Muslims feel that Sharia has been misunderstood by Christians, who have tended to concentrate on the demands for harsh punishments such as amputation of a hand or foot for theft and public flogging for people caught drinking alcohol. Under the Sharia laws in Afghanistan, the Taliban's religious police, formally known as the Department for Prevention of Vice and Promotion of Virtue, enforce the Sharia laws. For example, a man’s beard must be long enough to protrude from a fist clenched at the base of the chin. If it is not, he is subject to punishment. Women are not allowed to work in any field except the medical sector. Women should not go outside their residences with the exception of those working in the medical sector. It forbids women from wearing jewellery and make-up and from making noise with their shoes when they walk. If a woman does work outside the home, she is forbidden to sit beside the driver when traveling to and from work. Stylish dress and decoration of women is forbidden. PowerPoint presentation adapted from the following web site: http://www.slideshare.net/rhiorns/afganistan-powerpoint-intro
56. Persecution of the Hazara Once the Taliban turned their focus from expelling the Soviets, they turned to Hazara ethnic nationalism Hazaras form the Northern Alliance, and try to defend themselves. Leader killed by Taliban in 1996. They are isolated from the world and targeted by the Taliban state. PowerPoint presentation adapted from the following web site: http://www.slideshare.net/rhiorns/afganistan-powerpoint-intro
57. Taliban Atrocities “Hazaras are not Muslim, they are Shi’a. They are kafir (infidels). The Hazaras killed our force here, and now we have to kill Hazaras…If you do not show your loyalty, we will burn your houses, and we will kill you. You will either accept to be Muslim or leave Afghanistan…Wherever you go we will catch you. If you go, we will pull you down by your feet; if you hide below, we will pull you up by your hair.” 1998, Incitement of Violence against Hazaras by Governor Niazi. PowerPoint presentation adapted from the following web site: http://www.slideshare.net/rhiorns/afganistan-powerpoint-intro
58. Mazar-i Sharif August 8, 1997, as vengeance for earlier ethnic conflict, Taliban massacred 8000 Hazaras Hundreds suffocated in crates Shot in homes and on street Hospital patients killed in their beds House to house searches Throats slit- “the Halal way” Children packed into a crate News leaks out a year later PowerPoint presentation adapted from the following web site: http://www.slideshare.net/rhiorns/afganistan-powerpoint-intro
59. Present Day Regime continues 2001 Taliban refuse to hand over Bin Laden and West invades 2001 Shi’as kill 2000 Pakistani Sunni soldiers left behind by the fleeing Taliban- in Mazar-i Sharif War continues in present day but Taliban influence is much reduced; much of country is released from Taliban rule and is a democracy PowerPoint presentation adapted from the following web site: http://www.slideshare.net/rhiorns/afganistan-powerpoint-intro
60. About the Author KhaledHosseini was born in Kabul, Afghanistan in 1965. His mother was a teacher and his father a diplomat. His family left Afghanistan for a posting in Paris in 1976, well before the Communist coup and the Soviet invasion. They intended to return, but sought political asylum in the US in 1980. He now lives in California, where he works as a doctor. (Sherman 2006, p.5) Source: Khaled Hosseini Website http://www.khaledhosseini.com/, accessed 17 February 2008. PowerPoint presentation adapted from the following web site: www.saeta.org.au/files/.../The%20Kite%20Runner%20Introduction.ppt
61. About The Kite Runner Hosseini states: ‘The story line of my novel is largely fictional. The characters were invented and the plot imagined. However, there certainly are, as is always the case with fiction, autobiographical elements woven through the narrative. Probably the passages most resembling my own life are the ones in the US, with Amir and Baba trying to build a new life. I, too, came to the US as an immigrant and I recall vividly those first few years in California, the brief time we spent on welfare, and the difficult task of assimilating into a new culture. My father and I did work for a while at the flea market and there really are rows of Afghans working there, some of whom I am related to.’ (Razeshta Sethna: E-mail: newsline@cyber.net.pk in Sherman 2006, p. 5) PowerPoint presentation adapted from the following web site: www.saeta.org.au/files/.../The%20Kite%20Runner%20Introduction.ppt
62. About The Kite Runner Hosseini ‘wanted to write about Afghanistan before the Soviet war because that is largely a forgotten period in modern Afghan history. For many people in the west, Afghanistan is synonymous with the Soviet war and the Taliban.’ He explains: ‘I wanted to remind people that Afghans had managed to live in peaceful anonymity for decades, that the history of the Afghans in the twentieth century has been largely peaceful and harmonious.’ (Newsline Publications 2001 in Sherman 2006, p. 5) PowerPoint presentation adapted from the following web site: www.saeta.org.au/files/.../The%20Kite%20Runner%20Introduction.ppt
63. About The Kite Runner Hosseini experienced Kabul with his brother ‘the way Amir and Hassan do: long school days in the summer, kite fighting in the winter time, westerns with John Wayne at Cinema Park, big parties at our house in Wazir Akbar Khan, picnics in Paghman.’ He has ‘very fond memories of childhood in Afghanistan, largely because [his] memories, unlike those of the current generation of Afghans, are untainted by the spectre of was, landmines, and famine.’ (Newsline Publications 2001 in Sherman 2006, p. 5) PowerPoint presentation adapted from the following web site: www.saeta.org.au/files/.../The%20Kite%20Runner%20Introduction.ppt
67. Homework Essay #1 with rough draft and peer review behind it Remember, it needs to be in my hands within the first ten minutes of class or it is considered late!
