Public Health 2.0 - PowerPoint Presentation

Public Health 2.0
Mellanye Lackey, MSI
Health Sciences Library
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
SPH Fellows Program, Chapel Hill, NC
June 11th -July 20th , 2010

Agenda

Objectives

What is Public Health?

Medicine
Public Health
Focus on individuals
Diagnosis & treatment
Clinical interventions
Well-established profession, standardized education & certification
Clinical sciences integral; social sciences less emphasized
Experimental studies with control groups: RCTs.
Focus on populations
Prevention & health promotion
Environment & human behavior interventions
Diverse workforce, variable education & certifications
Social sciences integral; clinical sciences peripheral to education
Observational studies: case control & cohort studies

10 Essential Services of Public Health
Public Health Functions Project, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services

The Knowledge Domains of Public Health
Biostatistics
Chronic Diseases
Communicable Diseases
Community Health
Disaster Control & Emergency Services
Environmental Health
Epidemiology
General Public Health
Global Health
Health Promotion & Education
Health Services Administration
HIV/AIDS
Maternal & Child Health
Nutrition
Occupational Health
Public Health Informatics
Public Health Laboratory Sciences
Public Health Nursing
Social & Behavioral Sciences
Vital Statistics & Surveillance
7

Public Health has a diverse workforce
Epidemiologists
Statisticians
Environmental Engineers
Animal Control Officers
Sanitarians
Food Scientists
Industrial Hygienists
Health Care Administrators
Health Economists
Politicians
Social Workers
Mental Health Workers
Substance Abuse Counselors
Doctors
Nurses
Teachers
Disaster Relief Workers
Nutritionists
Lab Technicians
Librarians
Communication
Security & Enforcement / Health Police

What is 2.0?

Web 2.0 today
“‘Web 2.0’ describes a change in the way people interact with information online, moving from passive consumption to active creation of content.”
Scanfeld, D., Scanfeld, V., Larson, E.L. “Dissemination of health information through social networks: Twitter and antibiotics.” American Journal of Infection Control. April 2010; 38(3),182-188. Available from: Scopus, New York, NY, April 26, 2010.

Web 1.0 vs. 2.0
Web 1.0 was about reading
Web 1.0 was about companies
Web 1.0 was about home pages
Web 1.0 was about portals
Web 1.0 was about taxonomy
Web 1.0 was about wires
Web 1.0 was about owning
Web 1.0 was about Netscape
Web 1.0 was about web forms
Web 1.0 was about dialup
Web 1.0 was about hardware costs
Web 2.0 is about writing
Web 2.0 is about communities
Web 2.0 is about blogs
Web 2.0 is about RSS
Web 2.0 is about tags
Web 2.0 is about wireless
Web 2.0 is about sharing
Web 2.0 is about Google
Web 2.0 is about web applications
Web 2.0 is about broadband
Web 2.0 is about bandwidth costs
Joe Drumgoole, http://joedrumgoole.com/blog/2006/05/29/web-20-vs-web-10/

2.0 definition/characteristics/themes/mindset

Why 2.0?
Web 2.0 applications are:
Popular: Twitter experienced a “1460% increase in global audience between June 2008 and June 2009.”
Open“space[s] for the informal sharing of health information and advice”
And provide the opportunity to:
Connect to the public: Organizations are maximizing quick messages to get their news and info out to highly targeted audiences.
Correct inaccurate information: Twitter “demonstrate[s] the potential reach of this medium for the dissemination of both valid and invalid information. It is therefore important for health care professionals to have a basic understanding of such services and the nature of the health-related information that is shared on them.”
Scanfeld, D., Scanfeld, V., Larson, E.L. “Dissemination of health information through social networks: Twitter and antibiotics.” American Journal of Infection Control. April 2010; 38(3),182-188. Available from: Scopus, New York, NY, April 26, 2010.

Why Public Health 2.0?
“Although troubling to many in public health, the use of theInternet for these purposes simply cannot be ignored. Web 2.0is here to stay and will almost certainly influence health behaviors.Health is a logical area in which individuals will want to seekopinions from others and communicate their experiences. In thisnew era, public health officials need to learn how to more effectivelylisten to these messages and, simultaneously, develop more livelyand engaging messages themselves to communicate with the public.”
Kumanan Wilson, MD MSC and Jennifer Keelan, PhD Coping with Public Health 2.0, http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/180/10/1080

Web 2.0 Applications & Resources

2.0 technologies: the power of 10

1. Blogs
Definition
“web log”
individual commentary
interactive
regular entries

Blogs
Clients
Google Blog Search
WordPress
Tumblr
Blogspot
Tech to Know
Google reader
RSS feeds
Health examples
The Pump Handle
Effect Measure
WebMD Blogs
HealthNews Blog
Public Health/Health Administration Blog
Diabetes Mine
Huffington Post

Blogs
Pros
Equal opportunity publishing
Easy, approachable, popular, captures narrative
WYSIWYG
Cons
Some reputable, others not
TMI
Must continually update to sustain interest
WYSIWYG

The Pump Handle

WebMD Blogs
http://exchanges.webmd.com/webmd-exchanges/blogs

Diabetes Mine
http://www.diabetesmine.com/

2. Wikis
Definition
Website featuring co-created user content
Collaborative knowledge management system
Tidbit: “wiki wiki” means “fast” in Hawaiian

Wikis
Clients
Wetpaint
Wikispaces
Pbwiki
Tech to Know
Locally hosted vs cloud computing
Vary from free to expensive
Health Examples
Medpedia
Wikipedia Health: Ask Dr. Wiki
WikiSurgery

Wikis
Pros
Fantastic for grp or internal documents,
Ex. incl grants, manuals
Free clients pretty good
Everyone contributes
WYSIWYG
Cons
Some users have trouble adjusting to new work environment
Creating file structure, naming in groupthink is v hard
Everyone contributes
WYSIWYG

Wetpaint: Origins
“The founders of Wetpaint saw how their friend was having great difficulty finding information about the type of cancer he had. He did find quite a bit of useful facts and information, but he also found a lot of information that he did not need or want. That is when the idea for Wetpaint was sprung. The founders had thought that setting up a company that could connect like minded people or people that share like interests.”
Venture Capital Firms,”Wetpaint, An Internet Company Coming Out of an Individual’s Battle with Cancer”
http://vcgate.com/Wetpaint-An-Internet-Company-Coming-Out-of-an-Individual-s-Battle-With-Cancer.asp,
April 27, 2009. Accessed May 3, 2010.

Medpedia
http://www.medpedia.com/

Using Wetpaint for Cancer Info
http://www.wikicancer.org/

3. Collaborative writing
Definition
Written works/projects/documents created by multiple authors
How does this differ from a wiki?
Clients
Google Docs
Zoho Docs
Dropbox
Writeboard
Thinkfree

Collaborative writing
Pros
Eliminates need for sending attachments to email, vpn
Excellent for groups
Biased opinion: best thing since sliced bread!
No more track changes
Lives in the cloud
One copy
Cons
Some users have trouble adjusting to new work environment
Content owned by company
No more track changes
Must have internet access

Google docs

Dropbox

4. User Reviews
Definition
Opinions/comments posted by users
Variety of topics: places of interest (ie: restaurants, shopping) and people (ie: doctors, lawyers)

User Reviews
Clients/Sites
Amazon.com
Yelp
Health Examples
Yelp Health
Patient Opinion
Rate MDs.com
Angie’s List

User Reviews
Pros
Very approachable, easy, truly democratic
Positive reviews really drive traffic
Cons
On the internet, no one knows you’re a dog.
Negatives more likely to review

Yelp
http://www.yelp.com/search?ns=1&find_loc=ann+arbor%2C+mi&find_desc=health+clinics

Rate MDs.com
http://www.ratemds.com/

5. Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Definition
Online mapping of data
Mashups: ability of users to add their own content “layers” to online mapping.
Application Programming Interface (API):
Freely available applications
Medium between the map and the user generated content
“The impact of the new Web 2.0 mapping….is that it marks a shift from the academic and commercial domination of GIS to public and community participation.”
Hardey, Michael. “Public Health and Web 2.0.” The Journal of The Royal Society
for the Promotion of Health. 2008;128(4),181-189.

GIS
Resources
Google Maps
http://googlemapsmania.blogspot.com/
Yahoo! Maps
Microsoft Virtual Earth
www.mashable.com
GIS Library at UNC
Health Examples
Health Map
Who is Sick?
Ifitwasmyhome.com

GIS
Pros
A picture’s worth a thousand words
Visualizing health information is intensely powerful.
Cons
Req. coding exp to develop app
Steep learning curve w programs like ArcGIS
Lying with maps (intentionally or not) is very easy.
Collaborative apps rely on collaborators

Google Mashup shows current H1N1 Victims

Find others with your symptoms
http://whoissick.org/sickness/

6. Microblogs
Definition
Shorter form of blogging
Frequent, brief updates
Uses text messaging, IM, email, Web etc.
Highly selective audience that wants specific info
Three levels of conversation: tweets, responses, back room chatter

Microblogs
Clients
Twitter
FriendFeed
Identica
Health Examples
Twitter Health
Duke Global Health Institute
UNC Institute for Global Health Infectious Disease
Intrahealth

Microblogs
Pros
Forces us to write “essentially”
Adoption has been really quick
We made it our own
Powerful
Attend conferences virtually
Cons
TMI
What is private?
Academic use unclear

Twitter health
http://twitter.com/health

Microblogging on Mobile Devices

7. Photo/Video Sharing
Definition
Websites for storing, organizing, and sharing photos and videos
Feature user-created content
Info exists in the cloud

Photo/Video Sharing
Photo Sharing
Flickr
Picasa
Veezzle
Slideshare
Video Sharing
YouTube
Google Video
Vimeo
Skype

Photo/Video Sharing
Pros
Easy to share important moments with far flung friends and family
Previously $$$$$$ now cheap
Environmental impact of photo developing minimized
Cons
What is private?
Personal photos owned by companies
Industries put out of business

SlideShare

Nova: Flu 1918
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3318/02.html

YouTube
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWL67xOeQ-E
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_fo6ytlmD0&feature=related

8. Social bookmarking
Definition
System for storing, organizing, searching, & managing online bookmarks
Publicly accessible
Tag-based classification
Like favorites on your pc, translated to the cloud

Social bookmarking platforms
Delicious
StumbleUpon
Furl
Diigo

Social bookmarking
Pros
Releases you from chains of one computer
Collaboratively creating consumer guides / websites with “best of” easy
Highlighting websites
Cons
Slow adoption so app only as strong as community who joins
Somewhat of a learning curve

Delicious

9. Social networking
Definition
Online communities of people with similar interests
Communities of practice
Platforms
Facebook
MySpace
Google Buzz
Ning

Social networking
Pros
Crowdsource an issue
Widespread adoption of technology
Unparalleled conxn of users, issues, events
Market forces will make interfaces/apps better and easier
Cons
Crowdsource an issue
Not always evidence based, credible, nor authoritative

Facebook

Google Buzz
Watch this video to see the Google’s version of social networking: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yi50KlsCBio&hl=en_US&fs=1&rel=0&hd=1

Ning
http://healthcareandthesocialweb.ning.com/
http://triangleglobalhealth.ning.com/

TuDiabetes

9.5 Professional Networking
Definition
Virtual communities primarily focused on professional and business interactions rather than social interactions
“According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 70 percent of all jobs are found through networking” (Cornell University)
http://as.cornell.edu/academics/careers/connect-with-employers/networking.cfm
Examples
LinkedIn
Xing
Kickstart

10.Virtual Worlds
Definition
Computer-simulated environments
Interaction via avatars
Communication is typically textual
Everything is user generated

Virtual worlds: examples
Second Life
Active Worlds
Cybertown
Whyville

Virtual worlds
Pros
Works really well for gaming cultures/ anonymity / debilitating diseases
1st step to adoption of new technology is to make it look like the existing technology
Market forces will make interfaces/apps better and easier
Cons
On the internet, no one knows you’re a dog.
Please stop doing (XXX) to the dog.
Steep learning curve
Extreme high costs (time, computing, learning) to participate

Second Life: Health and Nutrition Game
Increases awareness about the health effects and consequences of eating fast food

CDC in Second Life

Public health in Second Life video
http://mblog.lib.umich.edu/hsl/archives/2008/08/second_life_and.html

Recap: Web 2.0 Technologies
The Power of 10
Virtual Worlds
User Reviews
Geographical Information Systems (GIS)

Privacy, Security, & Barriers to Using Web 2.0

Common Difficulties with 2.0

Difficulties with 2.0
“Web 2.0 facilitates both expert and general public communicationof health-related knowledge, which can be particularly problematicfor public health authorities. De facto, it juxtaposes vettedscientific opinion against information from critics, crusadersand conspiracy theorists, which undermines the critical foundationof trust between public health officials and the public. Thistrust is necessary for activities that sometimes require restrictionson individual liberties or impositions on individuals for thebenefits of the population.”
Kumanan Wilson, MD MSC and Jennifer Keelan, PhD. Coping with Public Health 2.0, http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/180/10/1080

Methods for Overcoming Web 2.0 Barriers
Comply with HIPAA, confidentiality & ethics
Should patients be FB friends with their doctors?
Make policies for what info will be shared before starting.
Establish authority online
Consult professional organization literature
Scholarly articles
Online certification
Teach evaluation skills
Current awareness
Get to know IT staff for knowledge and firewalls both

TeachEvaluation Skills
http://www.lib.umich.edu/taubman-health-sciences-library/web-searching

Teach Evaluation Skills
http://www.hsl.unc.edu/services/Tutorials/FHI/index.cfm

Current Awareness:Sites to help you keep up
Emerging Internet Technologies for Education http://www.emergingedtech.com/
Mashablehttp://mashable.com/
Listio-Web 2.0 http://www.listio.com/web20/
Technoratihttp://technorati.com/
iLibrarianhttp://oedb.org/blogs/ilibrarian/

2010 Top Emerging Technologies
Tech Talk by Enriching Scholarship:
Mobile
Virtual Worlds
Ebooks
Augmented Reality
Gesture-Based Computing
eg: Nintendo Wii
Data Viz/Data Sonification
/http://etechlib.wordpress.com

Current Awareness

Next steps

Information Literacy
By the end of the day, you should be able to:
Define information literacy and seven related concepts:
accuracy
relevancy
currency
bias
intended audience
credibility
source
Demonstrate how to evaluate information

Evaluating Information
Is the information accurate?

Can you verify the information elsewhere?
Are there spelling/grammar errors?
What's missing in the coverage of a topic?
Does the work cite other sources appropriately?
Is the information current?

When was the piece written?
Does it list a date?
Have important changes in the state of the art occured since then?
Have comments or redactions surfaced?

What is the author(s) bias?

Where does the author work?
Who funded the research?
What is the author affiliation?
Does the work recognize opposing viewpoints?
Does the author recognize the weak points of the study?
Is the information source credible?

Who wrote the article?
How can you know if you can trust their work?
Is the journal peer reviewed?
Is the journal indexed in PubMed or other quality databases?
Who advertises in the journal?

What is the intended audience?

What will the final format be?
Who will read the piece?
What impact will it have on readers?
At what education level is the piece written?
What is the source?

What are the publication date, purpose, and intended audience?
Does the piece include other sources of information such as research methodology, bibliography or footnotes?
What about the context of the material - cultural, physical, other?

Is the information relevant or significant to my question?

Is the study primary or secondary research?
Do I need a review article?
Does the piece offer in-depth coverage? or is a synopsis enough?
Does the study answer my research question?
How does the author evaluate information?
Does the author offer statistics, charts and tables?
Are those items cited?
Does the author synthesize his arguments throughout the article?
Does the author make an overall synthesis?
Are conclusions concise, clear and logical?

Which Do You Think is Most Important?

1.Accuracy
2.Currency
3.Relevancy
4.Bias
5.Intended Audience
6.Credibility
7.Source

Survey results
25 participants
Made using google forms
Best thing since sliced bread
Participants checked more than one box, so percentages > 100

1. Google yourself
Two groups
“I didn’t find me.”
“I found myself right away.”
Lots of FB-related results
How many of you who found FB results in google have private pages?
What surprised you?
What didn’t surprise you?
Did you change (or want to change) your online presence as a result of the search?

2. Which of the following social media/web 2.0 sites do you use?

3) In which of the following social media/web 2.0 sites do you have more than one profile/account?

4) In which of the following social media/web 2.0 sites do you manage an account for an organization or group?

5) Which of the following social media/web 2.0 sites would you like to learn more about?

6) Do you use or intend to use social media/web 2.0 sites to…

7) Based on your responses above, briefly describe your online presence.
Synopsis:
“Most of my posts are on FB.”
“Just to keep up with family/friends”
“Harmless, but…”
“Some personal, but I’m okay with that.”
“None. I keep my life private.”

8) What would you like to learn from the Public Health 2.0 workshop concerning web presences and the use of social media sites?
Synopsis:
Privacy/censorship
Professional networking
Be more effective at searching
Google docs, Linked In
Personal/professional divide

Activity: Expand your online presence
Why?
Best way to find new uses is to get acquainted with tool for yourself first.
Think about what/how an organization might use.
What?
Create accounts for yourselves (dummy accts. ok)
Form communities
Learn and talk about the features of each app
Start using these accounts to manage, promote, discover, etc.
Find web articles discussing how to use 2.0 for business
We’ll discuss on Friday am.

Activity: Find and form online communities
What’s your (health) passion?
Find it in the 2.0 tools.
There will likely be many examples. Be in them.
Friend it; watch it; contribute to it.
Compare and contrast the scene.
Be prepared to report to the group.

Contact information
Mellanye Lackey mjlackey@unc.edu
Public Health Liaison Librarian;
Director of Global Initiatives for the Health Sciences Library @ UNC Chapel Hill

http://blogs.oregonstate.edu	79
http://podelation.wordpress.com	53
http://jflahiff.wordpress.com	10

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